BS ISO 18899-2013 Rubber Guide to the calibration of test equipment《橡胶 试验设备的校准指南》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18899:2013Rubber Guide to thecalibration of test equipmentBS ISO 18899:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18899:2013. Itsupersedes BS ISO 18899:2004 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was

2、 entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/22, Physical testing of rubber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicatio

3、n. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 81679 6ICS 83.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31

4、 August 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18899:2013 ISO 2013Rubber Guide to the calibration of test equipmentCaoutchouc Guide pour ltalonnage du matriel dessaiINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18899Second edition2013-07-01Reference numberISO 18899:2013(E)BS ISO 18899:2013ISO 1

5、8899:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the intern

6、et or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso

7、.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 18899:2013ISO 18899:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principles of calibration . 25 Calibration systems . 26 Traceability 27 Calibration intervals . 28 Records . 39 Guide

8、to the expression of uncertainty . 310 Conditioning 311 Procedures 312 Expression of results 413 Calibration records 414 Electrical measurements . 414.1 Current . 414.2 Voltage 514.3 Frequency and bandwidth 514.4 Resistance 514.5 Wattage 514.6 Chart recorders . 515 Dimensional measurements 615.1 Len

9、gth-measuring instruments 615.2 Linear dimensions . 615.3 Profiles . 615.4 Extension, compression, and deflection 615.5 Finish, roughness, and flatness . 615.6 Sieves, mesh, and pore size 715.7 Area . 715.8 Volume 715.9 Angle 715.10 Levelling 715.11 Centre of percussion 716 Fluids: flow, pressure, v

10、iscosity, and density measurements 716.1 Flow meters . 716.2 Devices producing a specified flow rate 716.3 Air exchange rate 816.4 Pressure transducers . 816.5 Manometers . 816.6 Devices producing a specified pressure 816.7 Density . 817 Optical measurements . 817.1 Irradiance 817.2 Refractometers 8

11、17.3 Colour-measuring instruments 918 Temperature measurements . 9BS ISO 18899:2013ISO 18899:2013(E)iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved19 Chemical analysis and reference materials 919.1 Glassware . 919.2 pH-meters 919.3 Reference materials 920 Relative-humidity measurements 921 Force measurements .1021.

12、1 Tensile-, flexural-, and compression-testing machines .1021.2 Force transducers 1021.3 Devices producing a specified force 1021.4 Torque 1021.5 Energy 1021.6 Inertia 1022 Mass measurements 1022.1 Balances . 1022.2 Weights . 1123 Miscellaneous measurements .1123.1 Timers, clocks, etc. 1123.2 Time i

13、ntervals . 1123.3 Frequency and counters 1123.4 Velocity 1123.5 Tachometers . 1123.6 Rate of heating or cooling . 1224 Calibration schedules .12Annex A (informative) Calibration intervals .13Bibliography .15BS ISO 18899:2013ISO 18899:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardiza

14、tion) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be

15、represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to

16、develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the

17、 ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the

18、 development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.The committee responsible for this documen

19、t is ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18899:2004), of which it constitutes a minor revision with the following change: inclusion of a code-letter for the classes of calibration interval. ISO

20、 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18899:2013BS ISO 18899:2013Rubber Guide to the calibration of test equipment1 ScopeThis International Standard outlines the principles of calibration of rubber test equipment and gives guidance on the general requirements for ensuring measurement traceability, estab

21、lishing the basis for deciding calibration intervals, and estimating measurement uncertainty.Methods of calibration for a range of parameters applicable to rubber test equipment are briefly described with reference to relevant standards where appropriate.2 Normative referencesThe following documents

22、, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 9000, Quality management sy

23、stems Fundamentals and vocabularyISO 10012, Measurement management systems Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipmentISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the (metrol

24、ogical) terms and definitions given in ISO 9000 and ISO 10012 and the following apply.NOTE The terminology used in this International Standard is also in line with the terms and definitions given in ISO Guide 30.3.1calibrationprocess of establishing the relationship between the values of a quantity

25、indicated by a measuring instrument and the corresponding values indicated by a reference instrument3.2verificationactivity whereby measuring or test equipment is subjected to a specified examination or calibration and found to perform within stipulated tolerances3.3metrological confirmationset of o

26、perations required to ensure that an item of measuring equipment is in a state of compliance with the requirements for its intended use3.4calibration systempart of a quality system which includes the calibration and metrological confirmation of test equipment and any reference standards heldINTERNAT

27、IONAL STANDARD ISO 18899:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18899:2013ISO 18899:2013(E)4 Principles of calibrationGenerally, metrological confirmation involves calibration and also any necessary adjustment, repair, recalibration, sealing, or labelling. Confirmation can also involve the ver

28、ification of a value, for example a length, of some feature of a test apparatus. In common terminology, the whole process of confirmation is considered as the service performed by a calibration laboratory and, frequently, the action of “calibrating” test equipment is more correctly providing metrolo

29、gical confirmation that it meets specified requirements.Calibration is based on the principle of there being established values of measurement, represented by reference standards (sometimes called transfer standards), against which other measurements can be compared. The calibration value is transfe

30、rred in turn from an internationally recognized standard to a nationally recognized standard (often called a primary standard), to a series of secondary or transfer standards, and then to the measurement or test equipment. Measurement traceability is being able to relate a measurement through an unb

31、roken chain of comparisons to a primary standard.Each stage of the transfer of calibration by comparison down the chain results in an increasing uncertainty in the measurement and, hence, a lowering of the accuracy which can be guaranteed. Hence, it is essential to establish that the measurement sta

32、ndard used has a sufficiently small uncertainty for the purpose.5 Calibration systemsRequirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment are given in ISO 10012, and the general criteria for the operation of test laboratories are given in ISO/IEC 17025.Where test laboratories carry out the

33、ir own calibrations, they shall operate a management system conforming to ISO 10012. Where an outside calibration laboratory is used, it shall, wherever possible, be accredited by the relevant national accreditation body.NOTE Information on accreditation of test and calibration laboratories can be o

34、btained from national accreditation bodies.6 TraceabilityThe calibration results for measuring instruments shall be traceable, wherever possible, to national standards.7 Calibration intervalsTest equipment and measurement standards shall be calibrated at appropriate intervals established on the basi

35、s of the stability, purpose, and frequency of use of the equipment/standards. The intervals between calibrations shall be such as to ensure the reliability of the measurements made.Because of differences in instrument performance, frequency of use, etc., it is not possible to give specific intervals

36、 in all cases. However, for the purposes of this International Standard, four classes of calibration interval are recognized for test equipment (a code-letter corresponds to each class):a) C: requirement to be confirmed but no measurement;b) N: initial verification only;c) S: “standard” interval as

37、given in this International Standard;d) U: in use.Regardless of the class of interval, equipment shall also be re-verified after any probable change in the accuracy of the equipment such as would be caused by disturbance, relocation, or repairs due to damage or wear.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS

38、ISO 18899:2013ISO 18899:2013(E)In-use calibration is calibration at the time of use of the test equipment, usually before making test measurements.The “standard” interval should preferably be chosen following the guidance given in ISO 10012. Some generally accepted intervals are given in Annex A of

39、this International Standard.8 RecordsRecords shall be kept for all measuring equipment and all calibrations carried out, as specified in ISO 10012.NOTE 1 A calibration certificate for one parameter of an apparatus, even if from an accredited laboratory, does not constitute confirmation of the whole

40、test equipment.NOTE 2 Guidance on certificates for reference materials is given in ISO Guide 31.9 Guide to the expression of uncertaintyHowever skilfully the calibration is performed, the result will always be subject to an associated uncertainty. An estimate of this uncertainty is required for each

41、 calibration in order that compliance with the specified requirements can be confirmed. The estimate of the uncertainty shall be made using accepted methods of analysis, combining the random and systematic errors, and shall include errors that are attributable to the measurement standard and those a

42、ttributable to personnel, procedures, and the environment.NOTE Guidance on the expression of uncertainty is given in ISO/IEC Guide 98-1 and ISO/IEC Guide 98-3.A useful guide for test laboratories is that the uncertainty of measurement for transfer standards should be at least five times smaller than

43、 that required of the test equipment being calibrated.10 ConditioningMeasurement standards and measuring equipment shall be calibrated and used in an environment controlled to the extent necessary to ensure valid measurements. Due consideration shall be given to temperature, rate of change of temper

44、ature, humidity, lighting, vibration, cleanliness (including dust control), and other factors affecting measurement. Where pertinent, these factors shall be monitored and recorded and, when necessary, compensating corrections shall be applied to the measurement data.Generally, the ambient temperatur

45、e for polymer testing is required to be (23 2) C, and calibrations would normally be carried out at that temperature. However, the usual practice in calibration is to calibrate at an ambient temperature of (20 2) C. Calibration of polymer-testing equipment at this temperature will be satisfactory fo

46、r testing in the normal range. The apparatus to be calibrated and the measurement standard shall be conditioned at the calibration temperature for sufficient time for temperature equilibrium to be reached.11 ProceduresCalibration is carried out following a defined procedure. Each parameter of an app

47、aratus has its own procedure, but these procedures may be combined into a single procedure for the whole apparatus. This International Standard gives the methodology used for each parameter, arranged in sections according to the type of measurement involved (e.g. force, electrical). The information

48、given is intended as guidance for test laboratories. Individual laboratories will have to formulate specific working procedures for the particular calibration equipment and transfer standards to be used, the method to be followed, and the records to be kept.The number of replicate measurements to be

49、 made for each calibration will depend on the particular circumstances and has to be specified in the detailed procedures. Typically, between one and five replicates will be required. An estimate of the component of uncertainty due to the measurement ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18899:2013ISO 18899:2013(E)process will require at least three, and preferably five, repeats, but, where this uncertainty has been estimated from a separate trial, a single measurement may be considered adequate.Attention is drawn to the difference between