1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18911:2010Imaging materials Processedsafety photographic films Storage practicesBS ISO 18911:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implemen
2、tation of ISO 18911:2010. Itsupersedes BS ISO 18911:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/42, Photography.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpo
3、rt to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 59918 7ICS 37.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandard
4、s Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18911:2010Reference numberISO 18911:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18911Second edition2010-09-01Imaging materials Processed safety photographic films Storage practices Matriaux
5、pour limage Films photographiques de scurit traits Techniques darchivage BS ISO 18911:2010ISO 18911:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which a
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10、Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 18911:2010ISO 18911:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 0.1 General .v 0.2 Nature of the photographic film.v 0.3 Photographic processing of the film.v 0.4 Storage conditions v 1 Scope1 2 Norma
11、tive references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Film enclosures .3 4.1 Requirements.3 4.2 Film in roll format 3 4.3 Film in sheet and slide format4 5 Storage housings 5 6 Storage rooms .5 6.1 Medium-term storage rooms5 6.2 Extended-term storage rooms .5 7 Environmental conditions 6 7.1 Temperature and
12、 humidity specifications for storage 6 7.2 Air-conditioning requirements.9 7.3 Air purity.10 7.4 Light10 8 Fire-protective storage10 9 Film identification, handling and inspection 11 9.1 Identification 11 9.2 Handling .11 9.3 Inspection.11 Annex A (informative) Distinction between storage (record) c
13、opies and work (reference) copies .12 Annex B (informative) Advantages and disadvantages of protective (sealed) enclosures 14 Annex C (informative) Air-entrained and gaseous impurities 15 Annex D (informative) Humidity during storage 16 Annex E (informative) Temperature during storage17 Annex F (inf
14、ormative) Temperature/relative humidity relationship .18 Annex G (informative) Microenvironments 20 Annex H (informative) Silver image degradation.21 Annex I (informative) Fire protection 22 Bibliography23 BS ISO 18911:2010ISO 18911:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the Internatio
15、nal Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
16、established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standar
17、dization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for v
18、oting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all s
19、uch patent rights. ISO 18911 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18911:2000), which has been technically revised. This International Standard is one of a series of International Standards dealing with the physica
20、l properties and stability of imaging materials. To facilitate identification of these International Standards, they are assigned a number within the block from ISO 18900 to ISO 18999. BS ISO 18911:2010ISO 18911:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction 0.1 General The value of records used
21、 in archives, museums, libraries, government, commerce and universities has focused attention on the care of these records to ensure their longest possible life (see References 123). Photographic film is an important documentary and pictorial material, and there is a recognized need for information
22、on safeguarding photographic film having legal, scientific, industrial, artistic or historical value. Films are susceptible to degradation from many sources. These factors can be divided into three general categories as described below. 0.2 Nature of the photographic film The stability of photograph
23、ic film records depends on the physical and chemical nature of the film. The specification for safety photographic film which is suitable for storage is described in ISO 18906. For preservation purposes, processed photographic films are classified according to their life expectancy (LE) or LE design
24、ation. These are specified in the appropriate International Standards. The term “archival” is no longer specified to express longevity or stability in International Standards on imaging materials, since it has been interpreted to have many meanings that range from “preserving information forever” (w
25、hich is unattainable) to “temporary storage of actively used information”. For optimum preservation of photographic information, it is advisable that a high LE film be used and that it be stored under extended-term storage conditions. A film material suitable for preservation is silver-gelatine-type
26、 film on polyester base that meets the requirements of ISO 18901. However, this International Standard also applies to processed colour, diazo (see ISO 18905), vesicular (see ISO 18912) and thermally processed silver (see ISO 18919) films. Although these film types sometimes do not have as high an L
27、E designation, excellent keeping properties have been obtained with many of them. 0.3 Photographic processing of the film For black-and-white silver-gelatine-type film, ISO 18901 specifies a maximum residual thiosulfate level for different LE classifications and a residual silver compounds level. Fo
28、r diazo film, ISO 18905 specifies a proper development test. ISO 18912, for vesicular film, includes both a proper development test and a residual diazonium salt test. 0.4 Storage conditions The conditions under which safety photographic film records are stored are extremely important for the preser
29、vation of film and are the subject of this International Standard (see also ISO 18906). The same environmental conditions are advisable for nitrate-base films, but it is advisable that they be stored in a separate storage area having suitable fire protection safeguards (see Reference 4). The importa
30、nt elements affecting preservation of processed film are humidity, temperature and air pollutants, as well as the hazards of fire, water, light, fungal growth, insects, microbiological attack, contact with certain chemicals in solid, liquid or gaseous form, and physical damage. Direct contact with o
31、ther generic types of film can be detrimental to either film. The extent to which humidity, temperature and atmospheric contaminants, or variations thereof, can be permitted to reach beyond recommended limits without producing adverse effects will depend upon the duration of exposure, the biological
32、 conditions conducive to fungal growth, and the accessibility of this atmosphere to the emulsion and support surfaces. Exposure to high temperatures, and in particular to high BS ISO 18911:2010ISO 18911:2010(E) vi ISO 2010 All rights reservedhumidities, can lead to degradation of the film support an
33、d the photographic emulsion (see References 567). Cellulose ester-base films are more subject to base degradation than polyester-base films. There are two levels of storage conditions: medium-term, and extended-term. Medium-term storage can be used for films where the information is to be preserved
34、for a minimum of 10 years, while extended-term storage conditions can extend the useful life of a majority of freshly processed films to 500 years. However, extended-term storage conditions will prolong the life of all films, independent of age, type or processing conditions. The storage protection
35、provided by each level will differ in degree, as will the cost of providing and maintaining the storage facility. Immediate availability of space and cost often need to be considered when selecting storage conditions. It is recognized that many facilities will not be able to obtain the low humidity
36、and low temperature levels specified in this International Standard because of energy considerations, climate conditions or building construction. Such deviation from the specified conditions will reduce the degree of protection offered, and in such cases maintaining a humidity and temperature as lo
37、w as possible will still provide some benefits. This International Standard is not designed to provide protection against natural or man-made catastrophes, with the exception of fire and associated hazards, which are sufficiently common to warrant inclusion of protection measures. In addition to the
38、 recommendations in this International Standard, good storage practices consider filing enclosures. These are covered in ISO 18902 and ISO 18934. BS ISO 18911:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18911:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Imaging materials Processed safety photographic films Storage prac
39、tices 1 Scope This International Standard provides recommendations concerning the storage conditions, storage facilities, handling and inspection for all processed safety photographic films in roll, strip, aperture-card or sheet format, regardless of size. This International Standard is applicable t
40、o extended-term and medium-term storage of photographic film. This International Standard is applicable to photographic film records intended as storage copies, which are not in frequent use. It does not apply to “work” or “use” copies (see Annex A). This International Standard, while intended for m
41、aterials that are properly processed, is also of considerable value in prolonging the useful life of photographic film whose processing conditions are unknown, or which has been toned or retouched, or has markings with materials of uncertain or unknown stability. This International Standard is appli
42、cable only to safety photographic film (see ISO 18906). Nitrate-base films are not covered by this International Standard. NOTE Nitrate-base films are hazardous (see Reference 8). They require special storage considerations (see Reference 4), but the environmental conditions specified in this Intern
43、ational Standard are applicable. The storage of photographic prints and photographic plates requires different considerations. They are not covered in this International Standard, but are described respectively in ISO 18920 and ISO 18918. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are
44、 indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 18902, Imaging materials Processed imaging materials Albums, framing and storage ma
45、terials ISO 18906, Imaging materials Photographic films Specifications for safety film ISO 18916, Imaging materials Processed imaging materials Photographic activity test for enclosure materials 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1
46、 duplicate reproduction of a master, retaining the same polarity and size BS ISO 18911:2010ISO 18911:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.2 extended-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information on the majority of freshly and properly processed p
47、hotographic films for 500 years 3.3 fire-protective storage facility designed to protect records against excessive temperatures, water and other fire-fighting agents, and steam developed by insulation of safes or caused by the extinguishing of fires and collapsing structures 3.4 life expectancy LE l
48、ength of time that information is predicted to be acceptable in a system at 21 C and 50 % RH NOTE In the past, the term “archival” was used to define material that could be expected to preserve images forever, so that such images could be retrieved without significant loss when properly stored. Howe
49、ver, as no such material exists, this is now a deprecated term and is no longer used in International Standards for imaging materials or in systems specifications. 3.5 LE designation rating for the life expectancy (3.4) of recording materials and associated retrieval systems NOTE The number following the LE symbol is a prediction of the minimum life expectancy, in years, during which information can be retrieved without significant loss when stored at 21 C and 50 % RH, e.g. LE-100 indicates that inf
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