BS ISO 19056-1-2015 Microscopes Definition and measurement of illumination properties Image brightness and uniformity in bright field microscopy《显微镜 光照特性的定义和测量 使用亮视野显微镜术测定的图像亮度和均匀度.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 19056-1:2015Microscopes Definition and measurement of illumination propertiesPart 1: Image brightness and uniformity in bright field microscopyBS ISO 19056-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 19056-1:2015. The

2、UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/172, Optics and Photonics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are r

3、esponsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84941 1 ICS 37.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Sta

4、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 19056-1:2015 ISO 2015Microscopes Definition and measurement of illumination properties Part 1: Image brightness and uniformity in bright field microscopyMicrosco

5、pes Dfinition et mesurage des proprits dclairage Partie 1: Luminosit et uniformit de limage en microscopie champ clairINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19056-1First edition2015-09-15Reference numberISO 19056-1:2015(E)BS ISO 19056-1:2015ISO 19056-1:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOC

6、UMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written

7、 permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 19056-1:2015I

8、SO 19056-1:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Measurands 12.1 General . 12.2 Brightness . 12.3 Uniformity . 23 Measurement procedure 23.1 General . 23.2 Diaphragm settings . 23.3 Brightness (illuminance and irradiance) . 23.4 Uniformity . 33.5 Spectral information 34 Information provided to the user . 3

9、Bibliography 5 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 19056-1:2015ISO 19056-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally car

10、ried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

11、 ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the differe

12、nt approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may b

13、e the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents)

14、.Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles i

15、n the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 5, Microscopes and endoscopes.ISO 19056 consists of the following parts, under the general title Microsc

16、opes Definition and measurement of illumination properties: Part 1: Image brightness and uniformity in bright field microscopyiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 19056-1:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19056-1:2015(E)Microscopes Definition and measurement of illumination properties Part 1: Image br

17、ightness and uniformity in bright field microscopy1 ScopeThis part of ISO 19056 specifies procedures for the measurement of image brightness and uniformity for bright field light microscopy. These measurements for image brightness and uniformity are defined in image planes or intermediate image plan

18、es only, when these planes are suitable for detection by electronic imaging devices.This part of ISO 19056 defines how image brightness and uniformity are measured and how this information is provided to the user.NOTE The scope is intentionally limited to electronic imaging devices and (intermediate

19、) image planes. The visual observation by means of eyepieces would require a different measurement procedure and hence result in unambiguities in the description of measurement procedures. Nevertheless, this part of ISO 19056 will give useful estimates for the image brightness with visual observatio

20、n as in this case, an eyepiece is used to observe an intermediate image plane (which is under the scope of this part of ISO 19056).2 Measurands2.1 GeneralFor obtaining the desired image quality when using a light microscope, the brightness and uniformity of the image play an important role. This hol

21、ds true for different applications and various types of instruments.Intentionally, this part of ISO 19056 is limited to bright field microscopy and detection by means of electronic imaging devices but within this limitation, this part of ISO 19056 does apply to transmitted or reflected light microsc

22、opy and conventional or laser illumination.2.2 BrightnessThe image shall be bright enough to allow the detection of the details of the object under investigation.NOTE This is especially true for microscopic contrasting techniques like phase contrast, differential interference contrast, dark field mi

23、croscopy, or fluorescence microscopy. Although these contrasting techniques are beyond the scope of this part of ISO 19056, the given concepts can be easily extended.As this part of ISO 19056 is based on measurement procedures, the image brightness shall be expressed in the corresponding SI units. T

24、he photometric unit Illuminance (measured in lm/m2) shall be used whenever the illumination source covers the visible spectral range (380 nm to 780 nm) continuously, which is usually the case for filament and halogen lamps as well as for phosphor-type white LEDs. The radiometric unit irradiance (mea

25、sured in W/m2) shall be used for all other illumination sources (like discharge arc lamps, lasers, and single colour LEDs) and are more generally applicable, e.g. to the ultraviolet and infrared spectral range. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 19056-1:2015ISO 19056-1:2015(E)2.3 UniformityThe mic

26、roscopes optical system shall achieve a certain degree of image uniformity in order to allow the detection of the details of the object under investigation. A severe drop of the image brightness towards the edge of the image field can result in brightness values that are not sufficient in the above

27、mentioned sense.Furthermore, spatial variations of the image brightness over the image field cannot always be distinguished from spatial variations of the properties of the object under investigation.The uniformity of the brightness in the image field is expressed asUniformity ( 100minimum brightnes

28、s in image field%)maximu=mm brightness in image field(1)NOTE Depending on the size of the image field, the objective magnification and the size of the sensor pixels, it might be necessary to apply an adequate averaging method in the computation of the uniformity.3 Measurement procedure3.1 GeneralIn

29、addition to defining the measurement geometry and procedure, it is necessary to describe essential settings of the microscope in order to eliminate their influence to the measurement of image brightness and uniformity.3.2 Diaphragm settingsIn order to obtain results that are as unambiguous as possib

30、le, the settings of relevant diaphragms shall be defined as follows.Any field diaphragm in the beam path shall be opened to the size that fully includes the desired image field or image sensor. If this is not possible, the smallest diaphragm defines the size of the field.In addition to the aperture

31、diaphragm, that is inherent to the objective lens, the measurement requires an additional aperture diaphragm that is placed into the microscopes illumination beam path, as the image brightness heavily depends on the aperture size.This additional aperture diaphragm shall be opened to the size of the

32、conjugated aperture size (NA) of the objective lens used as this size can be set quite exactly.Setting the illumination aperture size to a smaller value (e.g. approximately 2/3 of the size of the objectives aperture as required for proper Khler illumination) would result in high measurement uncertai

33、nties. Allowing for illumination aperture sizes larger than the objectives aperture would also lead to high measurement but furthermore increase the measured image brightness by only adding stray light.Especially when using objective lenses with high numerical aperture, it is not always possible to

34、increase the illumination aperture to the corresponding value. In such cases, the actual illumination aperture shall be indicated (see Clause 4).3.3 Brightness (illuminance and irradiance)The light flux is measured at the centre of the given image field using an integrating sphere. The centre of the

35、 image field shall be limited by means of a measurement aperture with a circular diameter of (4,0 0,05) mm placed in the plane of the image. The integrating sphere shall have an entrance aperture of at least two times the diameter of the measurement aperture.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 1905

36、6-1:2015ISO 19056-1:2015(E)If the mechanical design of the microscope does not allow the entrance aperture of the integrating sphere to be placed in the plane of the image field, auxiliary optics may be used in order to project the image plane into the entrance aperture of the integrating sphere.3.4

37、 UniformityThe measurement for uniformity shall be performed by using an electronic image sensor that can capture the whole image field. This electronic image sensor shall consist of at least 50 rows and columns of individual elements (pixels). Furthermore, the image sensor shall be designed for an

38、entrance pupil at infinity.If the mechanical design of the microscope does not allow the image sensor to be placed in the plane of the image field, no auxiliary optics shall be used. In this case, a uniformity value cannot be measured according to this part of ISO 19056.This image sensor does not ne

39、ed to be calibrated in radiometric or photometric units as its output can be related to the brightness measurement described in 3.3. However, gamma correction shall not be applied to the signal from the image sensor in order to retain a linear relationship between irradiance and sensor signal (hence

40、 = 1).3.5 Spectral informationWhenever the illumination source covers the visible spectral range (380 nm to 780 nm) continuously (as for halogen lamps or for phosphor-type white LEDs), additional spectral information can be omitted.For all other illumination sources (like discharge arc lamps, lasers

41、, and single colour LEDs), the image brightness and uniformity shall be referred to a specific spectral range. Examples are given in Clause 4.4 Information provided to the userIf information on image brightness and uniformity is provided to the user, this information shall be given according to the

42、definitions given in 3.3 and 3.4 and shall contain the following additional data:a) information on the dimensions and shape of the image field, e.g.1) the image field is rectangular with a width of 10 mm and a height of 8 mm,2) the image field is circular and has a diameter of 20 mm, and3) the image

43、 uniformity is 80 % (at FN 17);b) information on the microscope configuration, especially additional optical elements (like filters, objective lenses, condenser, etc.) that can be exchanged by the user but were part of the light train when measuring the illumination brightness:1) list configuration

44、and additional part numbers;2) list especially light source, objective lens and condenser if not part of the configuration given in Clause 4 b);c) information on the illuminating light source used and its relevant parameters (spectral properties, voltage or current, etc.);d) information on the size

45、of the illumination aperture and in particular, if this cannot be increased up to the NA value of the objective;e) information on the spectral range that the measured image brightness and uniformity are measured in, e. g.1) 150 lm/m2in the visible spectral range, ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO

46、 19056-1:2015ISO 19056-1:2015(E)2) 0,8 W/m2in the range of 850 nm to 880 nm, and3) 1,1 W/m2at (532 10) nm.4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 19056-1:2015ISO 19056-1:2015(E)Bibliography1 ISO 10934-1, Optics and optical instruments Vocabulary for microscopy Part 1: Light microscopy2 ISO 12853, Micro

47、scopes Information provided to the user3 ISO 80000 (all parts), Quantities and units ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 19056-1:2015ISO 19056-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reservedICS 37.020Price based on 5 pagesThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing Br

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