1、BS ISO 19204:2017Soil quality Procedurefor site-specific ecologicalrisk assessment of soilcontamination (soil qualityTRIAD approach)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 19204:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK impl
2、ementation of ISO 19204:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
3、a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 84444 7 ICS 13.080.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under
4、 the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 19204:2017 ISO 2017Soil quality Procedure for site-specific ecological risk assessment of soil contamination (soil quality TRIAD approach)Qu
5、alit du sol Procdure dvaluation des risques cologiques spcifiques au site de la contamination des sols (approche TRIADE de la qualit du sol)INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19204First edition2017-02Reference numberISO 19204:2017(E)BS ISO 19204:2017ISO 19204:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PR
6、OTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without pr
7、ior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 19
8、204:2017ISO 19204:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Process overview 65 Uncertainty and weight of evidence .76 Soil quality TRIAD performance 76.1 First step: Objective of the investigation (formulating the problem and decision regarding
9、the need of a site-specific risk assessment) . 76.1.1 General approach 76.1.2 Decision . 86.1.3 Stakeholders involved in an ecological risk assessment . 86.1.4 Independent quality control 96.2 Second step: Basic considerations . 96.2.1 General approach 96.2.2 Assessment criteria 106.3 Third step: Pr
10、actical performance of the soil quality TRIAD .116.3.1 General. 116.3.2 Soil quality TRIAD tiers . 116.3.3 Soil quality TRIAD lines of evidence 126.3.4 Measurement parameters . 156.4 Fourth step: Assessments at the different tiers: scaling, weighting and integrating results . 166.4.1 General. 166.4.
11、2 Quantification of results from terrestrial tests .166.4.3 Scaling in practise 166.4.4 Weighting 176.4.5 Integration of results .176.5 Fifth step: Decision on how to proceed 187 Reporting .18Annex A (informative) Bioindicators of effect and accumulation Additional tools for site-specific ecological
12、 risk assessment 20Bibliography .21 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 19204:2017ISO 19204:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standard
13、s is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take
14、part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In parti
15、cular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
16、 this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see
17、www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence
18、to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil and site assessment.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS I
19、SO 19204:2017ISO 19204:2017(E)IntroductionThis document is set up to ensure the quality of the site-specific ecological risk assessment of soil contamination. This process was described previously in a report by the Dutch PGBO (Integrated Soil Research Programme Agency), continued in the current SKB
20、 (Foundation for Soil Knowledge Development and Transfer)69. The present document is based on these Dutch reports but has been shortened in order to increase its general applicability. In addition, parts of the ecological risk assessment framework for contaminants in soil prepared by the British Env
21、ironment Agency21222324252627were considered (this tiered framework does use the same three Lines of Evidence (LoE) as the TRIAD but not in parallel but consecutively). Experiences from various other sources293068, in particular, a summary of a Danish study performed as part of the EU FP6 project Li
22、beration36, as well as a Danish report35, were added.The term TRIAD relates to the following three LoEs: chemistry, toxicology and ecology10. Originally, it was described as Sediment Quality TRIAD by Long and Chapman38. The TRIAD does not particularly consist of three lines of evidence (up to five h
23、ave been proposed11) but in specific situations, two might be sufficient. Descriptions of the soil quality TRIAD approach in the context of soil contamination are given, for example, in References 36, 40, 55, 59, 60, 63, 69, 71 and 73. It should be mentioned that the soil quality TRIAD is not only u
24、sed in Central Europe but also in other regions of the world, for example, in Portugal1, Italy67or Brazil44. These publications can be used as case studies for the application of the soil quality TRIAD.NOTE Recently, the ecological risk assessment procedures in The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and th
25、e United Kingdom were compared35. The basic ideas of the TRIAD approach e.g. a tiered approach and the combination of information from different disciplines (chemistry, ecotoxicology, and ecology) have been accepted in these countries. However, only in the United Kingdom21222324252627and The Netherl
26、ands40435358606163have detailed frameworks been developed. The overall structure of this document combines and modifies both national frameworks in order to provide guidance independently from the country or region where the site to be assessed is located. The terminology of this document does follo
27、w the approach described in the EU project Liberation36. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 19204:2017BS ISO 19204:2017Soil quality Procedure for site-specific ecological risk assessment of soil contamination (soil quality TRIAD approach)1 ScopeThis document describes in a general way the applicat
28、ion of the soil quality TRIAD approach for the site-specific ecological risk assessment of contaminated soils. In detail, it presents in a transparent way three lines of evidence (chemistry, ecotoxicology and ecology) which together allow an efficient, ecologically robust but also practical risk ass
29、essment of contaminated soils. This procedure can also be applicable to other stress factors, such as acidification, soil compaction, salinization, loss of soil organic substance, and erosion. However, so far, no experience has been gained with these other applications. Therefore, this document focu
30、ses on soils contaminated by chemicals.NOTE 1 This document focuses on ecological risk assessment. Thus, it does not cover human health end points.In view of the nature of this document, the investigation procedure is described on a general level. It does not contain details of technical procedures
31、for the actual assessment. However, this document includes references relating to technical standards (e.g. ISO 15799, ISO 17616) which are useful for the actual performance of the three lines of evidence.In ecological risk assessment, the effects of soil contamination on the ecosystem are related t
32、o the intended land use and the requirements that this use sets for properly functioning soil. This document describes the basic steps relating to a coherent tool for a site-specific risk assessment with opportunities to work out site-specific details.This document can also be used for the evaluatio
33、n of clean-up operations, remediation processes or management measures (i.e. for the evaluation of the environmental quality after having performed such actions).NOTE 2 This document starts when it has already been decided that an ecological risk assessment at a given site needs to be performed. In
34、other words, the practical performance of the soil quality TRIAD and the evaluation of the individual test results will be described. Thus, nothing will be said about decisions whether (and if yes, how) the results of the assessment are included in soil management measures or not.NOTE 3 The TRIAD ap
35、proach can be used for different parts of the environment, but this document focuses mostly on the soil compartment. Comparable documents for other environmental compartments are intended to be prepared in addition (e.g. the terrestrial aboveground compartment) in order to perform a complete site as
36、sessment, based on the same principles and processes.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization a
37、t the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obpINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19204:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 19204:2017ISO 19204:2017(E)3.1stakeholderperson or party
38、with an interest in the soil quality (3.21) of a potentially contaminated siteNote 1 to entry: The composition of the stakeholder group depends on the specific local conditions.3.2assessment criteriacriteria set up to decide if a site requires further investigation or other action (e.g. remediation)
39、Note 1 to entry: They can be drawn up by the competent authority (3.3), the stakeholders (3.1) and the investigators for the interpretation of the results of the soil quality TRIAD study before the investigation is carried out. Two criteria could be distinguished, namely:a) threshold that marks the
40、boundary between adequate and inadequate removal of uncertainties in the assessment;b) threshold that marks the boundary between an effect that is considered acceptable and one that is not considered acceptable, based on a reference or a limit value.Note 2 to entry: Assessment criteria are necessary
41、 for every collection of ecological conditions (for example, all species in a generic system, a key species or a protected species).3.3competent authoritypart of the authorities that is responsible for the implementation of the soil clean-up operationNote 1 to entry: Depending on the site and the co
42、untry, the competent authority could be very different. The competent authority assesses investigation results and takes decisions via decrees about the severity and urgency of the soil contamination found. The competent authority also assesses the clean-up plans of the clean-up teams on their own i
43、nitiative (for example, companies).3.4soil managementall the anthropogenic activities that influence the soil system at the site to be assessedNote 1 to entry: This can include choices in land use (3.5) (e.g. groundwater level management, nature management, park management, loading with soil-contami
44、nated substances).3.5land useusing the ecosystem services (3.8) that the soil provides3.6land userperson or group of people who uses the ecosystem services (3.8) of the soil, whereby in the role allocation, the larger spatial scales are generally represented by organizations, societal parties and au
45、thorities3.7ecological effectchange to an aspect of the ecosystem caused by anthropogenic stress factors (3.15)Note 1 to entry: Changes see also assessment criteria (3.2) to an ecosystem as a result of the presence of contaminants are regarded as negative changes regardless of the direction. In this
46、 document, the three lines of evidence (LoE) in accordance with the soil quality TRIAD approach are required for the effect to be determined. In addition, the variation in space, time and parameters is also important. See also type 1 error (3.17).2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 19204:2017ISO 19
47、204:2017(E)3.8ecosystem serviceservice that is (directly or indirectly) provided by an ecosystemNote 1 to entry: The Ecosystem Service Approach is becoming more and more the theoretical basis for the definition of protection goals in the context of the risks of chemicals in the environment (e.g. EFS
48、A 2012), including the risk assessment of contaminated soils (e.g. 2, 41, and 74).Note 2 to entry: Examples of ecosystem services that the soil provides to people are agricultural products, clean surface water, groundwater and drinking water, and a healthy environment in which to live. The provision
49、 of many of these services depends in many cases on the activity of diverse organism communities, e.g. degradation of contaminants in soil by microbes, meaning that groundwater is kept clean75.Note 3 to entry: Some soil functions (organic substance composition and degradation, natural self-cleaning ability of the soil and soil structure for a good rooting of vegetation and crops) are counted as ecosystem services in this context. In detail, f
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