1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 19399:2016Paints and varnishes Wedge-cut method for determinationof film thickness (scribe anddrill method)BS ISO 19399:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 19399:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was e
2、ntrusted to TechnicalCommittee STI/10, Test methods for paints.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. Th
3、e British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 89571 5ICS 87.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May
4、2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 19399:2016 ISO 2016Paints and varnishes Wedge-cut method for determination of film thickness (scribe and drill method)Peintures et vernis Dtermination de lpaisseur par la mthode dentaille en coin (Mthode de rayer e
5、t de forage)INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19399First edition2016-05-01Reference numberISO 19399:2016(E)BS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publicati
6、on may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country o
7、f the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Wedge-cut pr
8、inciple 26 Apparatus . 56.1 Method A 56.2 Method B 76.3 Measuring microscope . 87 Test specimens 88 Procedure. 88.1 Sample preparation 88.2 Number of determinations . 88.3 Method A (wedge-cut scribe) . 88.4 Method B (wedge-cut bore) . 99 Precision . 910 Test report . 9Annex A (informative) Error sou
9、rces and measuring problems 11Annex B (informative) Evaluation with tilted specimen .16Annex C (informative) Evaluation with curved specimen .21Bibliography .27 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardizat
10、ion) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be r
11、epresented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to d
12、evelop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
13、ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified duri
14、ng the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the mea
15、ning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 35,
16、 Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 19399:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19399:2016(E)Paints and varnishes Wedge-cut method for determination of film thickness (scribe and drill method)1 ScopeThis International
17、 Standard specifies a destructive method for determination of the dry film thickness, in which damage to the coat caused in a definite manner is evaluated microscopically. The method is suitable for almost all coat-substrate combinations and also allows determination of the single film thicknesses o
18、f coating systems.The method cannot be applied or can only be applied with restrictions in case of too soft and/or elastic coatings (no recognizable scribe or drill hole can be observed), hard (cannot be scribed/drilled) or too soft and/or elastic substrates, too low visual contrast between the coat
19、ing and substrate, and film thicknesses that are larger than the depth of field of the measuring microscope.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the editio
20、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes Terms and definitions3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 and the following apply.
21、3.1substratesurface to which a coating material is applied or is to be appliedSOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.2443.2coatinglayer formed from a single or multiple application of a coating material to a substrateSOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.50.13.3coating systemcombination of all coats of coating materials which
22、 are to be applied or which have been applied to a substrateNote 1 to entry: The actual coating system can be characterized by the number of coats involved.Note 2 to entry: See also coating (3.2).SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.54 ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E)3.4single co
23、atpart of a coating system3.5total film thicknessdistance between the surface of the coating and surface of the substrate3.6single film thicknessdistance between the surface of a single coat and the surface of the coat (substrate) underneath3.7dry-film thicknessthickness of a coating remaining on th
24、e surface when the coating has hardenedSOURCE: ISO 2808:2007, 3.53.8wedge cutdamage to the coating system caused mechanically under the specified angle to the surface and extending into the substrateNote 1 to entry: The wedge cut can be implemented as a linear scribe or as a conical bore hole.3.9wed
25、ge-cut imagemicroscopic image of a wedge cut3.10adhesive failuredetachment of a coating from the substrate caused by external forcesNote 1 to entry: The substrate can be another coating beneath or the basic material.3.11cohesion failureloss of cohesion within a coating caused by external forces4 Pri
26、ncipleA wedge cut with a known flank angle is made in the coating using a scribing or drilling tool. The film thickness is calculated from the width of the flank projection of the wedge cut obtained with the measuring microscope.5 Wedge-cut principleThe wedge cut for determination of the film thickn
27、ess according to this International Standard can be made using a scribing tool (method A) or a drilling tool (method B).Figure 1 shows a wedge cut according to method A in the cross section. The basis length, l, is the projection of the wedge-cut flank within the coating and is measured with a micro
28、scope between the upper and lower contrast mark in micrometres.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E)Key1 coating2 substrate3 lower contrast mark (intersection from the substrate to the coating)4 upper contrast markl wedge-cut basistddry-film thickness wedge-cut angleFigure
29、 1 Wedge cut according to method A (single coat/cross section)The film thickness is determined according to Formula (1):tld=tan (1)wheretdis the dry-film thickness, in micrometres;l is the wedge-cut base (microscope reading), in micrometres;tan is the wedge-cut factor of the wedge-cut tool used.NOTE
30、 1 Instruments are available where the microscope reading is indicated in “number of scale divisions” and the wedge-cut factor in “micrometres per scale division”.NOTE 2 Instruments are available where the microscope reading (in micrometres) for calculating the film thickness is divided by a divisor
31、 assigned to the wedge-cut tool.The film thickness measuring range is as follows: determined by the wedge-cut angle, the dimensions of the wedge-cut tool and the scale measuring range of the microscope; limited by the depth of field of the measuring microscope (see A.9).The resolution of the dry-fil
32、m thickness measurement is determined by the wedge-cut angle and the scale division of the measuring microscope.EXAMPLE For the usual wedge-cut angles = 5,7 and = 14,0, the following is indicated in Table 1: the wedge-cut factor tan ; the dry-film thickness measuring range (= scale measuring range t
33、an ); the absolute dry-film thickness resolution a(= scale division tan ); ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E) the relative dry-film thickness resolution r(= (a/td) 100; td= dry-film thickness).In the above, it is assumed that the measuring microscope has a scale measuri
34、ng range of 2 mm, as well as a scale division of 0,02 mm and that the wedge-cut tool is sufficiently dimensioned.Table 1 Numerical data on the wedge-cut methodWedge-cut angle 5,7 14,0Wedge-cut factor tan 0,10 0,25Film thickness measuring range m up to 200 up to 500Absolute film thickness resolution
35、am 2 5Relative film thickness resolution r% 200/td500/tdFigure 2 shows a wedge cut according to method B in the cross section (I) and the associated wedge-cut image (II) visible through the microscope. Here, the section l to be measured with the microscope is the distance between the concentric circ
36、les.Key1 cross section2 wedge-cut imageI coatingII substratel wedge-cut basistddry-film thickness wedge-cut angleFigure 2 Wedge cut according to method B (single coat)In the case of coating systems, the single film thicknesses can be determined in a similar manner.Figure 3 shows the wedge-cut scribe
37、 (method A) for a 2-coat system. The single dry-film thicknesses td1and td2are then calculated from the microscope readings l1and l2with Formula (1) for td1= l1 tan and td2= l2 tan .4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E)Key1 single coat 12 single coat 23 substrateliwedge-cu
38、t basis associated with tdi(i = 1, 2)tdidry-film thickness of the single coat i (i = 1, 2) wedge-cut angleFigure 3 Wedge cut according to method A (2-coat system/cross section)6 Apparatus6.1 Method A6.1.1 Wedge-cut scribing device, as shown schematically in Figure 4, with the following features.6.1.
39、1.1 The stylus 6 is fastened interchangeably in the metal block 7 and protrudes as far out as the support bolts 3.NOTE There are wedge-cut scribing devices that are equipped with support wheels instead of the support bolts.6.1.1.2 The device shall be adjusted so that, when placed on an even surface,
40、 the stylus axis 8 is oriented vertically to this surface. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E)a) Side viewb) Front viewKey1 direction of load 5 substrate2 direction of scribing 6 wedge-cut stylus3 support bolts 7 metal block4 coating 8 stylus axisFigure 4 Wedge-cut scrib
41、ing device6.1.2 Wedge-cut stylus, made from hard metal with a form according to Figure 5, with indication of the wedge-cut factor and/or the wedge-cut angle.Key1 shaft 3 stylus axis2 cutting edge wedge-cut angleFigure 5 Wedge-cut stylus6 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E)
42、6.2 Method B6.2.1 Wedge-cut drilling device, as shown schematically in Figure 6, with the following features.6.2.1.1 The rotational movement of the drill bit 9 fastened interchangeably in the drilling spindle 4 (see Figure 6) may be generated manually or by an electromotive drive.6.2.1.2 The device
43、shall be adjusted so that, when placed on an even surface, the drill axis 2 is oriented vertically to this surface.Key1 direction of load 6 support2 drill axis 7 coating3 rotational movement 8 substrate4 drilling spindle with chuck 9 wedge-cut drill bit5 drilling spindle guide 10 housingFigure 6 Wed
44、ge-cut drilling device6.2.2 Wedge-cut drill bit, made from hard metal with a form according to Figure 7, with indication of the wedge-cut factor and/or the wedge-cut angle.Key1 coupling 4 cutting edge2 shaft 5 drill axis3 drill head wedge-cut angleFigure 7 Wedge-cut drill ISO 2016 All rights reserve
45、d 7BS ISO 19399:2016ISO 19399:2016(E)6.3 Measuring microscopeMeasuring microscope, with illumination device and with a minimum of 40x magnification, a measuring range of minimum 2 mm, and a scale division of maximum 0,02 mm.NOTE 1 Standard wedge-cut devices are equipped with an integral measuring mi
46、croscope and an integral illumination device.NOTE 2 Instead of a conventional measuring microscope, a video microscope can be used and the wedge-cut image evaluated digitally.7 Test specimensThe specimens shall exhibit a planar area, which is at least twice as big as the base plane of the wedge-cut
47、device.NOTE 1 Clamping devices are available for wedge-cut drilling devices (method B), which also enable measurements on specimens with a very small planar area (typical dimensions: 15 mm 15 mm). Specimens with complex geometry (e.g. profiles) can also be fastened with these devices for measuring t
48、he dry-film thickness of such specimens.NOTE 2 Under certain boundary conditions, film thickness determinations on curved specimens are also possible (see Annex C).8 Procedure8.1 Sample preparationA laminar contrast marking should preferably be applied to the coating in the area in which the wedge-c
49、ut is to be made, so as to make the microscopic measurement easier.A black permanent felt-tip pen is normally used for bright coatings. A white or silver-coloured paint felt-tip pen may be used for dark specimens. In this case, the marking coat shall be applied thinly and shall be fully hardened before making the wedge cut. It shall be ensured that the solvent in the felt-tip pen does not attack the coating.8.2 Number of determinationsFor each deter
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