BS ISO 19828-2017 Welding for aerospace applications Visual inspection of welds《航空航天应用使用的焊接 焊接目视检查》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Welding for aerospace applications Visual inspection of weldsBS ISO 19828:2017 ISO 2017Welding for aerospace applications Visual inspection of weldsSoudage pour applications arospatiales Inspection visuelle des soudures

2、INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19828First edition2017-04Reference numberISO 19828:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 19828:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/-/1, Briefing committee for welding.A list of organiza

3、tions represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017IS

4、BN 978 0 580 93350 9ICS 25.160.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected B

5、RITISH STANDARDBS ISO 19828:2017 ISO 2017Welding for aerospace applications Visual inspection of weldsSoudage pour applications arospatiales Inspection visuelle des souduresINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19828First edition2017-04Reference numberISO 19828:2017(E)BS ISO 19828:2017ISO 19828:2017(E)ii ISO 201

6、7 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the in

7、ternet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47cop

8、yrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 19828:2017ISO 19828:2017(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 General 25 Documentation of visual weld inspection result 26 Inspection conditions and equipment . 26.1 Post weld inspection condition . 26.2 Lighting conditions 36.3

9、Inspection equipment . 36.4 Direct inspection . 36.5 Indirect inspection . 36.6 Limitations of visual inspection . 37 Personnel qualification . 47.1 General . 47.2 Eye sight requirements 47.3 Education and experience . 48 Employer and examiner 49 Training 510 Examination requirements 511 Re-examinat

10、ion 512 Certification . 613 Recertification . 614 Loss of certification . 614.1 Expiration 614.2 Suspension 714.3 Revocation. 7Annex A (informative) Content of recommended training for fusion welding . 8Annex B (informative) Content of recommended training for welding with pressure .10Annex C (infor

11、mative) Inspection report 12Annex D (informative) Examples of inspection equipment .13Bibliography .14 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 19828:2017ISO 19828:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodie

12、s (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,

13、 governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further ma

14、intenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives)

15、.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introd

16、uction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specifi

17、c terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee

18、ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 14, Welding and brazing in aerospace.Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this document should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 14 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be foun

19、d at www .iso .org.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 19828:2017INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19828:2017(E)Welding for aerospace applications Visual inspection of welds1 ScopeThis document specifies the requirements for visual inspection of welds in metallic materials and requirements for qualificat

20、ion and certification of personnel for visual weld inspection.This document is also applicable to the visual inspection of the joint prior to or between welding sequences, and of brazed joints. In this case, the contents of theoretical and practical training will need to be adapted accordingly.2 Nor

21、mative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any a

22、mendments) applies.ISO 18490, Non-destructive testing Evaluation of vision acuity of NDT personnelEN 41791), Aerospace series Qualification and approval of personnel for non-destructive testing3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and

23、 IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ www. iso. org/ obp IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ www .electropedia. org/ 3.1authorizationwritten statement by an employer that an individual is enti

24、tled to perform visual weld inspection within the organization3.2examinerperson who is designated by the employer to certify and recertify visual weld inspectorsNote 1 to entry: The examiner can be at the employers or an external organization.3.3employerorganization employing or contracting the serv

25、ices of one or more individuals who perform visual weld inspection, including self-employed individuals1) Under a Memorandum of Understanding, this is identical to NAS 41010. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 19828:2017ISO 19828:2017(E)3.4inspection plandocument providing an overview of the seque

26、nce of inspections and tests, including appropriate resources and procedures to be referenced by the manufacturing planSOURCE: ISO 13880:1999, 3.73.5weld zonezone containing the weld metal and the heat-affected zonesSOURCE: ISO/TR 25901-1:2016, 2.1.2.34 GeneralWeld zones shall meet all specified req

27、uirements, as defined in the applicable engineering documents and as detailed in an inspection plan.As a minimum, the following aspects shall be included in the visual inspection process of weld zones:a) presence and location of joints as specified in drawings;b) appearance (e.g. colouration, oxidat

28、ion, contamination);c) visible discontinuities (e.g. surface cracks, lack of fusion, overlaps, undercut, spatter);d) joint dimension (e.g. fillet weld size, weld reinforcement, weld width);e) joint geometry (e.g. mismatch, concavity);f) welds shall be correctly located according to drawing or engine

29、ering definition.5 Documentation of visual weld inspection resultThe result of visual weld inspection shall be documented. This can be done by a personalized inspector stamp and/or signature in the manufacturing documentation.If a comprehensive inspection report is requested, the recommended minimum

30、 requirements are given in Annex C.6 Inspection conditions and equipment6.1 Post weld inspection conditionUnless otherwise specified, weld zones shall be inspected in the as-welded condition.In case of a mechanical weld zone rework (dressing) or re-welding, the weld zone shall be re-inspected after

31、rework or re-welding.If, as an aid to manufacture, any attachment that is temporarily welded to the component to facilitate production or assembly is removed, it shall be removed in a way that the component is not damaged. The area where the attachment was fixed shall be inspected for defects.Where

32、there is doubt as to the result of visual inspection, the engineering/design authority shall be consulted.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 19828:2017ISO 19828:2017(E)6.2 Lighting conditionsThe lighting conditions for inspection are best achieved by oblique dominant illumination combined with sub

33、dued background lighting. The minimum white light illumination of a 1 000 lx shall be available within the inspection area.6.3 Inspection equipmentExamples of equipment applicable to visual inspection are given in Annex D.6.4 Direct inspectionFor direct inspection, there shall be a direct line of si

34、ght to the surface being inspected.Direct inspection may be performed with the aid of magnification up to maximum 10.For direct inspection, the access shall be sufficient to view the surface to be inspected within a maximum of 400 mm. The angle of inspection should not be less than 30 (see Figure 1)

35、, unless required by specific lighting and surface texture condition. Indirect inspection may be used to supplement direct inspection.NOTE The optimum angle of inspection depends on surface textures and lighting conditions.aRange of angles for direct inspection.Figure 1 Access for direct inspection6

36、.5 Indirect inspectionIndirect inspection using visual aids (for example, mirrors, borescopes, fibre optics or cameras) shall be applied when the access for inspection in accordance with Figure 1 is not possible or as specified by the engineering/design authority.Equipment used shall be suitable for

37、 inspecting all features to enable assessment of discontinuities defined within the relevant quality acceptance standards.The lighting may be adjusted to improve the contrast between surface features and background.Lighting conditions of 6.2 may not apply to indirect inspection.6.6 Limitations of vi

38、sual inspectionWhen a weld zone cannot be completely visually inspected, the engineering/design authority shall be informed. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 19828:2017ISO 19828:2017(E)7 Personnel qualification7.1 GeneralVisual inspection of weld zones and the evaluation of results for acceptanc

39、e shall be performed by certified visual weld inspectors.7.2 Eye sight requirementsVisual weld inspectors and visual weld inspector candidates shall fulfil the eye sight requirements of EN 4179 or ISO 18490.Retesting of near vision shall be performed at a maximum period of two years.NOTE Maximum per

40、iod for retesting the near vision is harmonized with vision test requirements for fusion welding personnel.Retesting of colour perception shall be performed at a maximum period of five years. Any limitations in colour perception shall be evaluated by the examiner prior to certification and shall be

41、approved in writing.Eye sight tests shall be administered by competent personnel.Eye sight test results (pass/fail), including any limitations (e.g. visual aids when required to pass the eye sight test), shall be documented in a report.7.3 Education and experienceThe following requirements shall be

42、fulfilled by each candidate for visual weld inspector.a) A minimum of one year of experience in an occupational function that has direct relationship to weldments being fabricated to written specifications or standards. This experience can be based on the following activities: design: preparation of

43、 plans and drawings for weldment construction; production: planning and control of welding operations such as procedures, equipment, materials, or personnel involved in weldment fabrication, for example; fabrication: performance as a welder, fitter, or other function in the fabrication or erection o

44、f weldments; inspection: detection and measurement of weld discontinuities or verification of fabrication requirements; repair: weld repair of castings.b) Capable of understanding applicable weld inspection instruction and documentation.At the discretion of the examiner, requirements under a) may be

45、 replaced in part or fully by relevant welding education.8 Employer and examinerThe employer is responsible for the authorization of visual weld inspectors. The authorization shall be based on training, testing and certification in accordance with this document.The examiner shall be designated in wr

46、iting by the quality organization or the responsible welding coordinator of the employer to certify and recertify visual weld inspectors.The examiner is responsible for assuring that the training and qualification comply with this document.4 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 19828:2017ISO 19828:201

47、7(E)The examiner shall fulfil the same eye sight requirements as the candidates for visual weld inspectors according to 7.2.The examiner shall have the skills and knowledge to plan, organize, and present classroom training and practical exercises in accordance with the documented training program.9

48、TrainingCandidates shall receive training to understand the principles of weld inspection applicable to the inspection of the product. Additional training may be necessary when inspection requirements change.Training shall include applicable safety considerations and the proper care and use of inspe

49、ction tools and equipment.A documented training program shall detail contents and timeframe. A content of recommended training is provided in Annex A and Annex B.10 Examination requirementsAn examination program for new candidates and recertification shall be established by the examiner and approved by the employer. The examination program shall incorporate proficiency checks to verify that the individual has the ability to perform specific inspection and interpret the results.The examination shall consist ofa) an open-