BS ISO 20816-1-2016 Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration General guidelines《机械振动 机械振动的测量与评价 总则》.pdf

1、BS ISO 20816-1:2016Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluationof machine vibrationPart 1: General guidelinesBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 20816-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO

2、20816-1:2016. It supersedes BS ISO 7919-1:1996 and BS ISO 10816-1:1995+A1:2009 which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/5, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring - Vibration of machines.A list of organizations represented on

3、 this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 91384

4、6 ICS 17.160 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 20

5、816-1:2016 ISO 2016Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration Part 1: General guidelinesVibrations mcaniques Mesurage et valuation des vibrations de machines Partie 1: Lignes directrices gnralesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO20816-1First edition2016-11-15Reference numberISO 20816

6、-1:2016(E)BS ISO 20816-1:2016ISO 20816-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic o

7、r mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Genev

8、a, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 20816-1:2016ISO 20816-1:2016(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Measurements . 24.1 General . 24.1.1 Overview . 24.1.2 Vibration measurements 24.1.3 Freque

9、ncy range . 24.2 Types of measurements 24.2.1 Vibration measurements on non-rotating parts 24.2.2 Relative shaft vibration measurements . 24.2.3 Absolute shaft vibration measurements . 34.3 Measurement parameters . 34.3.1 Measurement quantities . 34.3.2 Vibration magnitude . 44.3.3 Vibration severit

10、y 44.4 Measuring positions . 44.4.1 Positions for measurements on non-rotating parts 44.4.2 Positions for measurements on rotating shafts 74.5 Machine support structure for acceptance testing 94.5.1 General 94.5.2 In-situ tests . 94.5.3 In a test facility .104.6 Machine operating conditions 104.7 Ev

11、aluation of vibration from other sources 105 Instrumentation .106 Evaluation criteria .116.1 General 116.1.1 Overview 116.1.2 Types of measurement on rotating shafts 116.2 Factors affecting evaluation criteria 126.3 Types of evaluation criteria 126.3.1 General. 126.3.2 Criterion I: Vibration magnitu

12、de at rated speed under steady operation conditions .126.3.3 Criterion II: Change in vibration magnitude .166.4 Operational limits 166.4.1 General. 166.4.2 Setting of ALARMS .176.4.3 Setting of TRIPS .176.5 Additional factors 176.5.1 Vibration frequencies and vectors .176.5.2 Vibration sensitivity o

13、f the machine 176.5.3 Techniques for rolling element bearings .18Annex A (informative) Explanation of measurement quantities .19Annex B (informative) Techniques for detection of problems in rolling element bearings 26Annex C (informative) Guidelines for specification of evaluation criteria for vibra

14、tion measured on non-rotating parts and rotating shafts 28 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 20816-1:2016ISO 20816-1:2016(E)Annex D (informative) Vector analysis of change in vibration .31Bibliography .33iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 20816-1:2016ISO 20816-1:2016(E)ForewordI

15、SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical c

16、ommittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electr

17、otechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was dra

18、fted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent ri

19、ghts. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not consti

20、tute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/f

21、oreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structures.This first edition of ISO 20816-1 cancels and

22、replaces ISO 7919-1:1996, ISO 10816-1:1995 and ISO 10816-1:1995/Amd 1:2009 which have been merged and editorially revised.A list of all parts in the ISO 20816 series can be found on the ISO website. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 20816-1:2016ISO 20816-1:2016(E)IntroductionMachines are now bein

23、g operated at increasingly high rotational speeds and loads, as well as more flexible operation at part and full load, and under increasingly severe operating conditions. This has become possible, to a large extent, by the more efficient use of materials, although this has sometimes resulted in ther

24、e being less margin for design and application errors.At present, it is not uncommon for continuous operation to be expected and required for 2 years or 3 years between maintenance operations. Consequently, more restrictive requirements are being specified for operating vibration values of rotating

25、machinery, in order to ensure continued safe and reliable operation.This document is a basic document which establishes general guidelines for the measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration of machinery, as measured on rotating and on non-rotating (and, where applicable, non-reciprocating) p

26、arts of complete machines, such as shafts or bearing housings. Recommendations for measurements and evaluation criteria pertaining to specific machine types are provided in additional parts of ISO 20816 as they become available as a replacement of the relevant parts of ISO 7919 and ISO 10816. ISO/TR

27、 19201 gives an overview over these and further machinery vibration standards.For some machines, measurements made on non-rotating parts are sufficient to characterize adequately their running conditions with respect to trouble-free operation. There are also types of machine, such as steam turbines,

28、 gas turbines and turbo compressors, all of which can have several modes of vibration in the service speed range, for which measurements on structural members, such as the bearing housings, might not adequately characterize the running condition of the machine, although such measurements are useful.

29、 Such machines generally contain flexible rotor shaft systems, and changes in the vibration condition can be detected more decisively and more sensitively by measurements on the rotating elements. Machines having relatively stiff and/or heavy casings in comparison to rotor mass are typical of those

30、classes of machines for which shaft vibration measurements are frequently preferred.Vibration measurements are used for a number of purposes, ranging from routine operational monitoring and acceptance tests to advanced experimental testing, as well as diagnostic and analytical investigations. These

31、various measurement objectives lead to many differences in methods of interpretation and evaluation. To limit the number of these differences, this document is designed to provide guidelines primarily for operational monitoring and acceptance tests.Three primary vibration quantities (displacement, v

32、elocity and acceleration) are defined and their limitations given. Adherence to the guidelines presented should, in most cases, ensure satisfactory service performance.vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 20816-1:2016Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration Part 1: Gener

33、al guidelines1 ScopeThis document establishes general conditions and procedures for the measurement and evaluation of vibration using measurements made on rotating, non-rotating and non-reciprocating parts of complete machines. It is applicable to measurements of both absolute and relative radial sh

34、aft vibration with regard to the monitoring of radial clearances, but excludes axial shaft vibration. The general evaluation criteria, which are presented in terms of both vibration magnitude and change of vibration, relate to both operational monitoring and acceptance testing. They have been provid

35、ed primarily with regard to securing reliable, safe, long-term operation of the machine while minimizing adverse effects on associated equipment. Guidelines are also presented for setting operational limits.NOTE 1 The evaluation criteria for different classes of machinery will be included in other p

36、arts of ISO 20816 when they become available. In the meantime, guidelines are given in Clause 6.NOTE 2 The term “shaft vibration” is used throughout ISO 20816 because, in most cases, measurements are made on machine shafts. However, the ISO 20816 series is also applicable to measurements made on oth

37、er rotating elements if such elements are found to be more suitable, provided that the guidelines are respected.For the purposes of ISO 20816, operational monitoring is considered to be those vibration measurements made during the normal operation of a machine. The ISO 20816 series permits the use o

38、f different measurement quantities and methods, provided that they are well-defined and their limitations are set out, so that the interpretation of the measurements is well-understood.The evaluation criteria relate only to the vibration produced by the machine itself and not the vibration transmitt

39、ed to it from outside.This document does not include consideration of torsional vibration.NOTE 3 For torsional vibration, see, for example, ISO 3046-5, ISO 22266-1 or VDI 2039.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content co

40、nstitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2954, Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery Requirements for instruments

41、for measuring vibration severityISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock Mechanical mounting of accelerometersISO 10817-1, Rotating shaft vibration measuring systems Part 1: Relative and absolute sensing of radial vibration3 Terms and definitionsNo terms and definitions are listed in this document.I

42、NTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20816-1:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 20816-1:2016ISO 20816-1:2016(E)ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform:

43、available at http:/www.iso.org/obp4 Measurements4.1 General4.1.1 OverviewThis clause describes the measurements, procedures and operating conditions recommended for assessing machine vibration. The guidelines given permit the evaluation of vibration in accordance with the general criteria and princi

44、ples given in Clause 6.4.1.2 Vibration measurementsIt is common practice to measure vibration on non-rotating parts or to measure relative shaft vibration, or both. The measurement type for the protection system is normally based on the experience from the machine manufacturer.4.1.3 Frequency rangeT

45、he measurement of vibration shall be broad band, so that the frequency spectrum of the machine is adequately covered.The frequency range depends on the type of machine being considered (e.g. the frequency range necessary to assess the integrity of rolling element bearings should include frequencies

46、higher than those on machines with fluid-film bearings only).Guidelines for instrumentation frequency ranges for specific machine classes are given in the appropriate parts of ISO 20816.NOTE 1 In the past, broad-band measurements in the range 10 Hz to 1 000 Hz were the intended metric for full-load

47、acceptance testing. This might not meet the requirements of a condition monitoring scheme and might need to be modified for the purposes of vibration monitoring and diagnostics.NOTE 2 Vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines are described in ISO 13373.On certain equipment, e.g. gea

48、rboxes and rolling element bearings, it can be appropriate to use a different frequency range for acceptance purposes.4.2 Types of measurements4.2.1 Vibration measurements on non-rotating partsVibration measurements on non-rotating parts are generally carried out with a seismic transducer which sens

49、es the absolute velocity or acceleration of structure parts on which it is mounted (e.g. the bearing housing).4.2.2 Relative shaft vibration measurementsRelative shaft vibration measurements are generally carried out with a non-contacting transducer which senses the vibratory displacement between the shaft and a structural member on which it is mounted (e.g. the bearing housing).2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 20816-1:2016ISO 20816-1:2016(E)4.2.3 Absolute shaft vibration measurementsAbsolute shaft vibration measurements are carrie