1、BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 21438-1:2007Workplace atmospheres Determination of inorganic acids by ion chromatography Part 1: Non-volatile acids (sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid)ICS 13.040.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g
2、55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS ISO 21438-1:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 54920 5National forewordThis British Standard is
3、the UK implementation of ISO 21438-1:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/2, Air quality, to Subcommittee EH/2/2, Workplace atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication d
4、oes not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsReference numberISO 21438-1:2007(E)INT
5、ERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO21438-1First edition2007-12-15Workplace atmospheres Determination of inorganic acids by ion chromatography Part 1: Non-volatile acids (sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid) Air des lieux de travail Dtermination des acides inorganiques par chromatographie ionique Partie 1: Acides
6、non volatils (acide sulfurique et acide phosphorique) BS ISO 21438-1:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 3.1 General definitions . 2 3.2 Particle size fraction definitions 3 3.3 Sampling definitions. 3 3.4 Analytical de
7、finitions 4 3.5 Statistical terms 5 4 Principle. 6 5 Requirement 7 6 Reagents 7 7 Apparatus 9 7.1 Sampling equipment. 9 7.2 Laboratory apparatus. 11 8 Occupational exposure assessment 12 8.1 General. 12 8.2 Personal sampling 12 8.3 Static sampling . 12 8.4 Selection of measurement conditions and mea
8、surement pattern 13 9 Sampling 14 9.1 Preliminary considerations 14 9.2 Preparation for sampling . 16 9.3 Sampling position. 16 9.4 Collection of samples. 17 9.5 Transportation. 17 10 Analysis . 18 10.1 Preparation of test and calibration solutions 18 10.2 Instrumental analysis . 19 10.3 Estimation
9、of detection and quantification limits . 20 10.4 Quality control. 21 10.5 Measurement uncertainty 21 11 Expression of results . 22 12 Method performance 22 12.1 Sample collection and stability . 22 12.2 Quantification limits . 22 12.3 Upper limits of the analytical range 22 12.4 Bias and precision 2
10、3 12.5 Uncertainty of sampling and analysis method 23 12.6 Interferences . 23 13 Test report . 24 13.1 Test record 24 13.2 Laboratory report 25 Annex A (informative) Temperature and pressure correction. 26 Bibliography . 28 BS ISO 21438-1:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Stand
11、ardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right
12、to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International St
13、andards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an I
14、nternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 214
15、38-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workplace atmospheres. ISO 21438 consists of the following parts, under the general title Workplace atmospheres Determination of inorganic acids by ion chromatography: Part 1: Non-volatile acids (sulfuric acid and p
16、hosphoric acid) The following parts are under preparation: Part 2: Volatile acids, except hydrofluoric acid (hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and nitric acid) Part 3: Hydrofluoric acid and particulate fluorides BS ISO 21438-1:2007vIntroduction The health of workers in many industries is at risk t
17、hrough exposure by inhalation of particulate acids like sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid compounds. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers exposure, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air me
18、asurements. This part of ISO 21438 has been published in order to make available a method for making valid exposure measurements for particulate acids in use in industry. It will be of benefit to: agencies concerned with health and safety at work; industrial hygienists and other public health profes
19、sionals; analytical laboratories; and industrial users of sulfuric and phosphoric acids, and their workers. It has been assumed in the drafting of ISO 21438 (all parts) that the execution of its provisions and the interpretation of the results obtained are entrusted to appropriately qualified and ex
20、perienced people. BS ISO 21438-1:2007blank1Workplace atmospheres Determination of inorganic acids by ion chromatography Part 1: Non-volatile acids (sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid) 1 Scope This part of ISO 21438 specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentrati
21、on of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in workplace air by ion chromatography. The method is applicable to the personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708 and to static (area) sampling. The analytical method is applicable to the determination of masses
22、of 0,005 mg to 2,0 mg of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid per sample, without dilution. The concentration range of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in air for which the measuring procedure is applicable is determined by the sampling method selected by the user. For an air sample of volume 1 m3, th
23、e working range is approximately 0,005 mg m3to 2,0 mg m3. The method is not applicable to the determination of sulfur trioxide. The procedure does not allow differentiation between the acids and their corresponding salts if both are present in the air. The procedure does not allow differentiation be
24、tween phosphoric acid and diphosphorus pentoxide (phosphoric anhydride) if both are present in the workplace. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references
25、, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 648, Laboratory glassware Single volume pipettes ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware One-mark volumetric flasks ISO 3585, Borosilicate glass 3.3 Properties ISO 7708:1995, Air quality Particle size fraction definitions
26、 for health-related sampling ISO 8655-1, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 1: Terminology, general requirements and user recommendations ISO 8655-2, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 2: Piston pipettes BS ISO 21438-1:20072 ISO 8655-6, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 6: Grav
27、imetric methods for the determination of measurement error EN 13205, Workplace atmospheres Assessment of performance of instruments for measurement of airborne particle concentrations 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 General de
28、finitions 3.1.1 chemical agent any chemical element or compound, on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as produced, used or released including release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the market EN 1540:19981, def
29、inition 3.9 3.1.2 breathing zone general definition space around the workers face from where he or she takes his or her breath 3.1.3 breathing zone technical definition hemisphere (generally accepted to be 0,3 m in radius) extending in front of the human face, centred on the mid point of a line join
30、ing the ears; the base of the hemisphere is a plane through this line, the top of the head and the larynx NOTE 1 The definition is not applicable when respiratory protective equipment is used. NOTE 2 Adapted from EN 1540:19981, definition 3.8. 3.1.4 exposure (by inhalation) situation in which a chem
31、ical agent is present in air which is inhaled by a person 3.1.5 measuring procedure procedure for sampling and analysing one or more chemical agents in the air and including storage and transportation of the sample 3.1.6 operating time period during which a sampling pump can be operated at specified
32、 flow rate and back pressure without recharging or replacing the battery EN 1232:19972, definition 3.36 3.1.7 time-weighted average concentration TWA concentration concentration of a chemical agent in the atmosphere, averaged over the reference period NOTE More detailed discussion of TWA concentrati
33、ons is available in Reference 3. BS ISO 21438-1:200733.1.8 limit value reference figure for concentration of a chemical agent in air NOTE An example is the Threshold Limit Value(TLV) for a given substance in workplace air (see Reference 3). 3.1.9 reference period specified period of time stated for
34、the limit value of a specific chemical agent NOTE Examples of limit values for different reference periods are short-term and long-term exposure limits (see Reference 3). 3.1.10 workplace defined area or areas in which the work activities are carried out EN 1540:19981, definition 3.20 3.2 Particle s
35、ize fraction definitions 3.2.1 inhalable convention target specification for sampling instruments when the inhalable fraction is the fraction of interest ISO 7708:1995, definition 2.4 3.2.2 inhalable fraction mass fraction of total airborne particles which is inhaled through the nose and mouth NOTE
36、The inhalable fraction depends on the speed and direction of air movement, on breathing rate and other factors. ISO 7708:1995, definition 2.3 3.2.3 total airborne particles all particles surrounded by air in a given volume of air NOTE Because all measuring instruments are size selective to some exte
37、nt, it is often impossible to measure the total airborne particle concentration. ISO 7708:1995, definition 2.13 3.3 Sampling definitions 3.3.1 personal sampler device attached to a person that samples air in the breathing zone EN 1540:19981, definition 3.20 3.3.2 personal sampling process of samplin
38、g carried out using a personal sampler EN 1540:19981, definition 3.21 BS ISO 21438-1:20074 3.3.3 sampling instrument sampler a device for collecting airborne particles NOTE This definition is formulated for the purposes of this part of ISO 21438. EXAMPLES Instruments used to collect airborne particl
39、es include sampling heads, filter holders, filter cassettes, etc. 3.3.4 static sampling area sampling process of air sampling carried out in a particular location 3.4 Analytical definitions 3.4.1 blank solution solution prepared by taking a reagent blank, laboratory blank or field blank through the
40、same procedure used for sample dissolution 3.4.2 calibration blank solution calibration solution prepared without the addition of any working standard solution NOTE The concentration of sulfate and phosphate in the calibration blank solution is taken to be zero. 3.4.3 calibration solution solution p
41、repared by dilution of the working standard solution, containing sulfate and phosphate at concentrations that are suitable for use in calibration of the analytical instrument 3.4.4 extraction solution solvent or solution used to solubilise the analyte(s) of interest 3.4.5 field blank filter that is
42、taken through the same handling procedure as a sample, except that it is not used for sampling, i.e. it is loaded into a sampler, transported to the sampling site and then returned to the laboratory for analysis 3.4.6 laboratory blank unused filter, taken from the same batch used for sampling, that
43、does not leave the laboratory 3.4.7 linear dynamic range range of concentrations over which the calibration curve for sulfate or phosphate is linear NOTE The linear dynamic range extends from the detection limit to the onset of calibration curvature. 3.4.8 reagent blank all reagents used in sample d
44、issolution, in the same quantities used for preparation of laboratory blank, field blank, and sample solutions BS ISO 21438-1:200753.4.9 sample dissolution process of obtaining a solution containing sulfate and phosphate from a sample, which might or might not involve complete dissolution of the sam
45、ple 3.4.10 sample preparation all operations carried out on a sample, after transportation and storage, to prepare it for analysis, including transformation of the sample into a measurable state, where necessary 3.4.11 sample solution solution prepared from a sample by the process of sample dissolut
46、ion NOTE A sample solution might need to be subjected to further operations, e.g. dilution, in order to produce a test solution that is ready for analysis. 3.4.12 stock standard solution solution, used for preparation of the calibration solutions, containing sulfate and/or phosphate at a certified c
47、oncentration that is traceable to national standards 3.4.13 test solution blank solution or sample solution that has been subjected to all operations required to bring it into a state in which it is ready for analysis, e.g. dilution NOTE The blank test solution is the blank solution and the sample t
48、est solution is the sample solution if these solutions are not subjected to any further operations before analysis. 3.4.14 working standard solution solution, prepared by dilution of the stock standard solution(s), that contains sulfate and phosphate at concentrations that are better suited to prepa
49、ration of calibration solutions than the concentration of sulfate and phosphate in the stock standard solutions 3.5 Statistical terms 3.5.1 analytical recovery ratio of the mass of analyte measured when a sample is analysed to the known mass of analyte in that sample, expressed as a percentage 3.5.2 bias consistent deviation of the results of a measurement process from the true value of the air quality characteristic itself 3.5.3 coverage factor k numerical factor used as a multiplier of the combined standard u
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