BS ISO 21789-2009 Gas turbine applications - Safety《燃气涡轮机应用 安全性》.pdf

1、BS ISO21789:2009ICS 27.040NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDGas turbineapplications SafetyThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 April2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 54169 8Amendments/co

2、rrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 21789:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 21789:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MCE/16/-/1, Gas turbines - Safety.A list of organizations represented on this c

3、ommittee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 21789:2009Reference num

4、berISO 21789:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO21789First edition2009-02-01Gas turbine applications Safety Applications des turbines gaz Scurit BS ISO 21789:2009ISO 21789:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file

5、 may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat a

6、ccepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that

7、 the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may b

8、e reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. +

9、41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 21789:2009ISO 21789:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .vii Introductionviii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definiti

10、ons .4 4 List of significant hazards 5 5 Safety requirements 6 5.1 General .6 5.2 Risk assessment6 5.3 Modifications and replacement parts7 5.4 Foreseeable misuse 7 5.5 Lifetime .7 5.6 Hazard combinations 7 5.7 Noise .8 5.8 Mechanical .8 5.8.1 Guarding.8 5.8.2 Accessibility for maintenance8 5.8.3 Ca

11、sing design 9 5.8.4 Gas turbine compressor surge 9 5.8.5 Stability and handling .9 5.8.6 Overload of rotating shafts due to torque 9 5.8.7 Vibration .9 5.8.8 Mechanical failure caused by corrosion .10 5.8.9 Design methods and materials 10 5.8.10 Gas turbine temperatures.10 5.8.11 Environmental loads

12、 .10 5.8.12 Assembly features.11 5.8.13 Couplings .11 5.8.14 Rotor bearings .11 5.8.15 Rotating part failure 11 5.8.16 Foreign object damage (FOD) screen .12 5.8.17 Gearbox 12 5.8.18 Starting systems12 5.8.19 Low ambient temperature conditions .13 5.9 Gas turbine compressor air inlet system13 5.9.1

13、General .13 5.9.2 Inlet air contamination 13 5.9.3 Icing monitoring and prevention13 5.9.4 Implosion protection .14 5.9.5 Inlet explosion protection.14 5.9.6 Waste disposal through combustion 14 5.9.7 Recirculation15 5.9.8 Gas turbine compressor air inlet ducting .15 5.10 Fuel systems15 5.10.1 Gener

14、al .15 5.10.2 Fuel supply quality and supply conditions.15 5.10.3 Pressure testing.16 5.10.4 Fuel supply heating.16 5.10.5 Gas fuel systems .16 BS ISO 21789:2009ISO 21789:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reserved5.10.6 Liquid fuel systems 20 5.10.7 Multi-fuel systems. 23 5.10.8 Fuel purging 23 5.10.9

15、Fuel drainage. 24 5.11 Combustion supervision 24 5.11.1 General. 24 5.11.2 Requirements for ignition 24 5.11.3 Extinction safety time. 25 5.12 Exhaust system. 25 5.12.1 Damper controls . 25 5.12.2 Flexible joint location . 25 5.12.3 Exhaust stack 25 5.12.4 Explosion protection 25 5.13 Enclosures. 26

16、 5.13.1 General. 26 5.13.2 Enclosure structure 26 5.13.3 Enclosure fire precautions. 27 5.13.4 Explosion prevention and protection Area classification Ventilation . 27 5.13.5 Gas detection 27 5.13.6 Enclosure purging 27 5.13.7 Mist detection 27 5.13.8 Access and doors . 28 5.13.9 Entrapment 28 5.14

17、Lighting 28 5.15 Fire precautions 28 5.15.1 General. 28 5.15.2 Structural fire risk reduction . 28 5.15.3 Hydrocarbon fire risk reduction 29 5.15.4 Fire protection. 29 5.15.5 Fire detection 30 5.15.6 Fire extinguishing systems 30 5.15.7 Water mist extinguishant . 31 5.15.8 Extinguishing system contr

18、ols . 31 5.15.9 Escape 33 5.15.10 Uncontrolled release of media and loss of propellant pressure 33 5.15.11 Vessel thermal relief (burst disc) 33 5.15.12 Vessel and/or pipe failure 33 5.15.13 Release of extinguishant into gas turbine halls, control rooms, etc. . 34 5.16 Hazardous area classification

19、and explosion prevention and protection 34 5.16.1 General. 34 5.16.2 Area classification 34 5.16.3 Explosion prevention . 34 5.16.4 Ignition source control. 35 5.16.5 Reduction of explosion effects in an enclosed space 35 5.17 Ventilation 37 5.17.1 General. 37 5.17.2 Cooling. 37 5.17.3 Heating. 37 5

20、.17.4 Hazardous area control 38 5.17.5 Hot surfaces 38 5.17.6 Ventilation inlet location 38 5.17.7 Ventilation inlet filtration 38 5.17.8 Ventilation inlet ducting . 38 5.17.9 Ventilation outlet location 39 5.17.10 Flow monitoring Artificial ventilation. 39 5.18 Fans 39 5.18.1 Fan guards and structu

21、ral failure 39 5.18.2 Air blast oil coolers. 39 5.19 Flammable gas detection. 39 5.19.1 General. 39 BS ISO 21789:2009ISO 21789:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved v5.19.2 Type/selection principles39 5.19.3 Location principles40 5.19.4 Settings.40 5.19.5 Enclosures containing hot surfaces Screening

22、tool.40 5.19.6 Maintenance and calibration 40 5.20 Control and automatic protection systems 41 5.20.1 General .41 5.20.2 Environmental suitability41 5.20.3 Ergonomics41 5.20.4 Failure .41 5.20.5 Calibration41 5.20.6 Testing41 5.20.7 Speed control.42 5.20.8 Gas turbine emergency shut-down system42 5.

23、20.9 Interlocks43 5.21 Electrical.43 5.21.1 Design/Installation.43 5.21.2 Isolation and stored energy43 5.21.3 Electrostatic energy and bonding44 5.21.4 Water ingress.44 5.21.5 Lightning 44 5.21.6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)44 5.21.7 Battery installations 45 5.21.8 Electrical overload.45 5.2

24、1.9 Electrical power failure .45 5.22 Drains, vents and bleeds 45 5.22.1 General .45 5.22.2 Vents for flammable gases.46 5.22.3 Toxic and hazardous emissions 46 5.22.4 Gas turbine compressor bleeds.46 5.23 Pressure equipment 47 5.23.1 General .47 5.23.2 Design.47 5.23.3 Hazards.47 5.23.4 Misuse.47 5

25、.23.5 Safe handling and operation 47 5.23.6 Isolation, draining and venting 48 5.23.7 Fluid injection 48 5.23.8 Assemblies.48 5.23.9 Safety accessories 49 5.23.10 Flexible piping (and metal hoses)50 5.23.11 External fire50 5.23.12 Material embrittlement and corrosion .50 5.23.13 Ultra-violet (UV) re

26、sistant pipework.51 5.24 Auxiliary systems 51 5.24.1 Lubrication systems51 5.24.2 Water systems .51 5.24.3 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems 52 5.24.4 Utility supplies .52 5.25 Installation in a hazardous area.52 5.26 Unenclosed gas turbines in a hall .53 5.27 Decommissioning and disposal.53 6 Complia

27、nce verification 53 6.1 Quality assurance53 6.2 Verification of safety requirements .54 7 Information for use54 7.1 General .54 7.2 Language54 7.3 Packaging.54 BS ISO 21789:2009ISO 21789:2009(E) vi ISO 2009 All rights reserved7.4 Commissioning . 54 7.5 Operation . 55 7.5.1 General. 55 7.5.2 Safety i

28、nstructions and emergency procedures . 56 7.6 Enclosure access 57 7.6.1 General. 57 7.6.2 Risk assessment for accessing enclosures 57 7.6.3 Limitations under operational conditions58 7.6.4 Limitations under non-operational conditions 58 7.6.5 Access during commissioning and re-commissioning 58 7.6.6

29、 Installations in a hazardous area 58 7.7 Maintenance 58 7.7.1 General. 58 7.7.2 General maintenance hazards. 59 7.7.3 Accessibility, isolation and energy dissipation. 59 7.7.4 Pressure equipment . 59 7.7.5 Fire protection systems . 60 7.7.6 Gas detectors 60 7.7.7 Control systems: maintenance, calib

30、ration and testing. 60 7.7.8 Hazardous materials. 61 7.8 Warning signs and notices 61 7.9 Permit to work (PTW) 62 7.10 Training 62 7.11 Decommissioning and disposal 62 Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards. 63 Annex B (normative) Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 71 Bib

31、liography . 77 Index 79 BS ISO 21789:2009ISO 21789:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved viiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried o

32、ut through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO c

33、ollaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International

34、 Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elemen

35、ts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21789 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 192, Gas turbines. BS ISO 21789:2009ISO 21789:2009(E) viii ISO 2009 All rights reservedIntroduction This docu

36、ment is a type C standard as stated in ISO 12100 (all parts). A type C standard is “a standard dealing with the detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines”. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered

37、are indicated in the Scope of this International Standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those that are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards for machines that have been designed

38、 and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. The extent of the applicability of the references may be limited by the context of the text within ISO 21789. Where a dated standard is specified this does not preclude the use of later versions provided that the requirements continue t

39、o meet the safety issues and identified hazards detailed in this standard. Where a reference is made to a specific clause in a standard only the text of that clause and references therein apply.1)In addition to covering the relevant safety requirements, this International Standard has also been prod

40、uced to assist designers, manufacturers and others by providing methods of compliance with the relevant, essential safety requirements of the following European Legislation for gas turbine applications without prejudicing compliance with this International Standard outside the European Union: Machin

41、ery Directive (2006/42/EC); ATEX (Equipment) Directive (94/9/EC); Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC). Methods are also provided as far as practical and where relevant for compliance with the relevant, essential safety requirements of the following European Legislation: ATEX (Workplace) Directiv

42、e (1999/92/EC); Low Voltage Directive (2006/95/EC); Electromagnetic Compatibility Directives (91/236/EEC 92/31/EEC 93/68/EEC 2004/108/EC); Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (96/61/EC); Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC); Chemical Agents Directive (98/24/EC); Classificatio

43、n, Packaging, and Labelling of Dangerous Substances Directive (97/69/EC). 1) References within Notes are provisions but not normative provisions of this document and are listed in the Bibliography. BS ISO 21789:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21789:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Gas turbine ap

44、plications Safety 1 Scope This International Standard covers the safety requirements for gas turbine applications using liquid or gaseous fuels and the safety related control and detection systems and essential auxiliaries for all types of open cycles (simple, combined, regenerative, reheat, etc.) u

45、sed in onshore and offshore applications including floating production platforms. This International Standard applies to driven machinery only where it is an integral part of the gas turbine (e.g. a gearbox integral to the gas turbine), or is located within the gas turbine enclosure and forms part o

46、f the enclosure hazardous area classification (e.g. a generator within the gas turbine enclosure), or where the driven machinery has a direct effect on the operational safety of the gas turbine. This International Standard details the anticipated significant hazards associated with gas turbines and

47、specifies the appropriate preventative measures and processes for reduction or elimination of these hazards. This International Standard addresses the risks of injury or death to humans and risks to the environment. Equipment damage without risk to humans or the environment is not covered. Gas turbi

48、ne packages are generally specified using International Standards and national standards. Achieving safety is promoted by using additional safety codes and standards, which are shared by gas turbines with other technologies. It is necessary to recognize that local legislation in the country in which

49、 the equipment is to be put to use may not be covered by this International Standard. This International Standard approaches gas turbine safety from an international perspective based on the content of existing, recognized ISO and IEC standards to the greatest extent possible. Where no ISO or IEC standard exists, other codes or standards (such as EN, NFPA, etc.) have been included. Where local or national legislation accepts other established codes or standards, or an alternative international or national s