BS ISO 22322-2015 Societal security Emergency management Guidelines for public warning《社会安全 紧急管理 公共警报指南》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 22322:2015Societal security Emergencymanagement Guidelines forpublic warningBS ISO 22322:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 22322:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee

2、SSM/1, Societal security management.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institu

3、tion 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 76798 2ICS 03.100.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amendments issued

4、since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 22322:2015 ISO 2015Societal security Emergency management Guidelines for public warningScurit socitale Gestion des urgences Mises en garde de la populationINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO22322First edition2015-05-15Reference numberISO 22322:2015(E)BS ISO 22322:2015

5、ISO 22322:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photoco

6、pying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 0

7、1 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 22322:2015ISO 22322:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Public warning system . 24.1 General . 24.2 Design the framework 34.2.1 General 34.2.2 Hazard monitoring function 34.2.3 Warni

8、ng dissemination function . 44.2.4 Responsibility for authorizing public warning 44.3 Identify public warning objectives 44.4 Implement the public warning process . 44.5 Evaluate and improve 45 Public warning process . 55.1 General . 55.2 Hazard monitoring process 55.2.1 Identify the hazards to be m

9、onitored 55.2.2 Monitor the hazards 65.2.3 Identify the area to receive the public warning 65.2.4 Communicate status updates 65.3 Operational decision-making . 65.4 Warning dissemination process . 75.4.1 General 75.4.2 Identify the area to receive the public warning 75.4.3 Specify information conten

10、t . 75.4.4 Select warning methods 85.4.5 Disseminate public warning 95.5 Human factor considerations . 9Annex A (informative) Relationship between alert and notification in public warning .10Annex B (informative) Public awareness 11Bibliography .12 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO

11、 22322:2015ISO 22322:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested

12、 in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Comm

13、ission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents s

14、hould be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for

15、identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the con

16、venience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Forewo

17、rd Supplementary Information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 292, Security.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 22322:2015ISO 22322:2015(E)IntroductionDisasters, terrorist attacks, and other major incidents need an effective incident response in order to save lives, mitigate

18、harm, and damage. Emergency response organizations need to respond quickly to a developing emergency situation. Time to communicate is limited and often, a specific message involving practical action is to be disseminated to a large group. Simple procedures that send the message efficiently and crea

19、te the desired response can save lives, protect health, and prevent major disruptions.The protection of people at risk from harm is an important part of an incident response. Public warning enables response organizations to alert their responders and allows people at risk to take safety measures to

20、reduce the impact of incidents. Effective public warning consisting of alert and notification can prevent panic reactions and support response organizations in optimizing their responses and mitigate the impact.Effective incident response needs a structured and pre-planned public warning. Public war

21、ning is based on two functions: hazard monitoring and warning dissemination. It is also necessary to establish a mechanism for risk identification, hazard monitoring, decision-making, warning dissemination, and to evaluate and improve. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 22322:2015BS ISO 22322:2015

22、Societal security Emergency management Guidelines for public warning1 ScopeThis International Standard provides guidelines for developing, managing, and implementing public warning before, during, and after incidents.This International Standard is applicable to any organization responsible for publi

23、c warning. It is applicable at all levels, from local up to international.Before planning and implementing the public warning system, risks and consequences of potential hazards are assessed. This process is not part of this International Standard.2 Normative referencesISO 22300, Societal security T

24、erminology3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply.3.1alertpart of public warning (3.7) that captures attention of first responders and people at risk (3.6) in a developing emergency situation3.2all clearmessage or

25、 signal that the danger is over3.3hazard monitoring functionactivities to obtain evidence-based information on hazards in a defined area used to make decisions about the need for public warning (3.7)3.4warning dissemination functionactivities to issue appropriate messages for people at risk (3.6) ba

26、sed on evidence-based information received from the hazard monitoring function (3.3)3.5notificationpart of public warning (3.7) that provides essential information to people at risk (3.6) regarding the decisions and actions necessary to cope with an emergency situation3.6people at riskindividuals in

27、 the area who may be affected by an incidentINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22322:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 22322:2015ISO 22322:2015(E)3.7public warningnotification (3.5) and alert messages disseminated as an incident response measure to enable responders and people at risk (3.6) to ta

28、ke safety measuresNote 1 to entry: Public warning can include information to raise public awareness and understanding or to provide advisory or compulsory instructions.3.8public warning systemset of protocols, processes, and technologies based on the public warning policy to deliver notification (3.

29、5) and alert messages in a developing emergency situation to people at risk (3.6) and to first responders3.9vulnerable groupindividuals who share one or several characteristics that are the basis of discrimination or adverse social, economic, cultural, political, or health circumstances and that cau

30、se them to lack the means to achieve their rights or, otherwise, enjoy equal opportunities4 Public warning system4.1 GeneralThe organization should establish, document, implement, maintain, and continually improve a public warning system (see Figure 1) based on a public warning policy described by C

31、lause 4.NOTE This International Standard does not describe the public warning policy.Public warning policyDesign the framework(4.2)Evaluate and improve(4.5)Identify public warningobjectives(4.3)Implement the publicwarning process(4.4)Figure 1 Overview of the public warning systemThe organization sho

32、uld assess the potential hazards that could occur within a defined area and the level of potential risk each presents. The results of this assessment should determine the type of public warning that may be required and be documented for future reference. The public warning system developed by the or

33、ganization shoulda) comply with applicable legal and other obligatory requirements,b) provide the framework for setting and reviewing public warning objectives,c) be planned in advance,2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 22322:2015ISO 22322:2015(E)d) be documented, implemented, and maintained,e) ha

34、ve the human and technical resources to plan, implement, maintain, and improve the public warning system,f) be communicated to all persons working for or on behalf of the organization,g) provide suitable training for responders,h) be available and communicated to the public generally and especially

35、to the people at potential risk,i) involve appropriate consultation with community representatives1)or bodies concerned with public interests, andj) include a commitment to continual improvement.4.2 Design the framework4.2.1 GeneralThe organization should design a framework based on two functions: h

36、azard monitoring and warning dissemination. The responsibility for issuing public warning should be assigned to the stakeholders who are individual experts, groups of experts, or organizations2)in the private or public sectors at the local, up to international level. Those who contribute to both fun

37、ctions shoulda) be familiar with the capabilities and capacities of the public warning system so that relevant, accurate, reliable, and timely warnings will be disseminated,b) make continuous effort to raise and maintain public awareness, andc) specify safety actions within the warning.4.2.2 Hazard

38、monitoring functionHazard monitoring is based on the risk assessment conducted to determine the hazards to be monitored.Those involved in the hazard monitoring function are responsible for the following:a) understanding hazard monitoring operations from local up to international agencies and have ch

39、annels to communicate with them;b) ongoing monitoring of identified risks within a defined area and within their range of expertise;c) providing early information on emerging risks;d) providing information about changes in the risk level;e) defining the emergency measures to be taken;f) notifying th

40、e warning dissemination function;g) cooperating with public authorities to enhance public awareness.The monitoring should be based on scientific data and/or credible evidence.NOTE The hazard monitoring function monitors potential risks that the hazards present.1) This may include, but not be limited

41、 to community groups, mutual aid networks, political representatives, charities and NGOs, trade, and business associations.2) Such as agencies, scientific bodies, governmental departments, industry, transportation services, international organizations, emergency organizations, etc. ISO 2015 All righ

42、ts reserved 3BS ISO 22322:2015ISO 22322:2015(E)4.2.3 Warning dissemination functionThe warning dissemination function is responsible for the following:a) promptly activating procedures for disseminating public warnings;b) transforming evidence-based information into notification and alert messages;c

43、) specifying procedures for disseminating warning messages;d) considering information needs of the people at risk and the diverse range of vulnerable groups;e) coordinating with other organizations accountable for public warning;f) promptly disseminating public warnings.4.2.4 Responsibility for auth

44、orizing public warningThe organization should identify the individual or group responsible for authorizing public warning in accordance with national or local regulations or the organizations own responsibility structure. Authorization should be based on the requirements of the public warning policy

45、 and objectives and the input from the hazard monitoring function and warning dissemination function, as well as other relevant sources. A trained and nominated individual or group of individuals should be assigned to use hazard monitoring information to make timely, relevant, and accurate decisions

46、 about public warning dissemination.4.3 Identify public warning objectivesThe organization should identify objectives for the public warning system based on the public warning policy. These objectives should be considered when using the information from the hazard monitoring function to identify the

47、 people at risk and the potential impact of an incident on an area.4.4 Implement the public warning processThe organization should implement a public warning process in accordance with Clause 5.The organization should establish effective interorganizational cooperation and coordination between the h

48、azard monitoring function and warning dissemination function, as well as among other relevant interested parties including community groups.All operational activities within the public warning process should be logged in a retrievable format in accordance with data privacy and data protection regula

49、tions.4.5 Evaluate and improveThe organization should evaluate the performance of hazard monitoring and warning dissemination functions on a regular basis. The findings from the evaluation should be used to identify potential improvements.Evaluation processes should be conducted at regular intervals not exceeding five years.The warning dissemination function should evaluate the content and timeliness of notifications and alerts, as well as the choice of communication channels.Evaluation processes should be activated whenever the people