BS ISO 230-1-2012 Test code for machine tools Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or quasi-static conditions《机床试验法规 在空载或精加工条件下机床工作的几何精度》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationTest code for machine toolsPart 1: Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or quasi-static conditionsBS ISO 230-1:2012National forewordThis British Standard is the

2、 UK implementation of ISO 230-1:2012. It super-sedes BS ISO 230-1:1996 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteeMTE/1, Machine tools, to Subcommittee MTE/1/2, Machine tools - Accuracy.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be o

3、btained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 54575 7ICS 25.080.01Compliance wit

4、h a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2012.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 230-1:2012Reference numberISO

5、230-1:2012(E)ISO 2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO230-1Third edition2012-03-01Test code for machine tools Part 1: Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or quasi-static conditions Code dessai des machines-outils Partie 1: Exactitude gomtrique des machines fonctionnant vide ou dans des c

6、onditions quasi-statiques BS ISO 230-1:2012ISO 230-1:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, w

7、ithout permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 g120 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2012

8、 All rights reservedBS ISO 230-1:2012ISO 230-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword . vg3Introduction vig31g3 Scope 1g32g3 Normative references 1g33g3 Terms and definitions . 2g33.1g3 General . 2g33.2g3 Terms for machine coordinate system and motion nomenclature 2g33.3g3 Te

9、rms for static compliance and hysteresis 3g33.4g3 Terms for linear axes 4g33.5g3 Terms for axes of rotation 12g33.6g3 Terms for parallelism error and squareness error of axes of motion 19g33.7g3 Terms for other relationships between axis average lines . 25g33.8g3 Terms for multi-axes motion or kinem

10、atic tests 26g33.9g3 Terms for geometric accuracy of machine functional surfaces, machine tool components and test pieces . 30g34g3 Tolerances 34g34.1g3 General . 34g34.2g3 Tolerances applicable to machine tool functional surfaces, machine tool components and test pieces 40g34.3g3 Additional limitin

11、g conditions associated with tolerances . 40g35g3 Uncertainty of measurements, test methods and measuring instruments . 41g36g3 Preliminary operations 42g36.1g3 Installation of the machine before tests 42g36.2g3 Conditions before machine tests . 43g36.3g3 Test setup and instrumentation . 44g37g3 Mac

12、hine static compliance and hysteresis tests . 45g37.1g3 General . 45g37.2g3 Tests for machine static compliance and hysteresis by applying force externally . 45g37.3g3 Tests for machine static compliance and hysteresis by applying force internally 47g37.4g3 Tests for machines with rotary axes . 50g3

13、8g3 Geometric accuracy tests of axes of linear motion . 52g38.1g3 General . 52g38.2g3 Straightness error motion tests . 53g38.3g3 Linear positioning error motion tests . 58g38.4g3 Angular error motions tests . 60g39g3 Geometric accuracy tests of axes of rotation 64g39.1g3 Reference to ISO 230-7 . 64

14、g39.2g3 Angular positioning error motion 64g310g3 Alignment of axes of motion Parallelism, squareness, coaxiality and intersection 67g310.1g3 Parallelism of axes of motion . 67g310.2g3 Coaxiality error of axis average lines 73g310.3g3 Squareness error of axes of motion 76g310.4g3 Intersection of axi

15、s average lines 83g311g3 Multi-axes motion (kinematic) tests 85g311.1g3 General . 85g311.2g3 Linear trajectories . 86g3BS ISO 230-1:2012ISO 230-1:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved11.3g3 Circular trajectories .87g311.4g3 Conical (shape) motion .94g311.5g3 Spherical interpolation test using sphe

16、rical artefacts and linear displacement sensors95g311.6g3 Flatness error of a surface generated by two axes of linear motion 96g311.7g3 Special tests .97g312g3 Geometric accuracy tests of machine functional surfaces Straightness, flatness, perpendicularity and parallelism . 100g312.1g3 Straightness

17、error of machine functional surfaces 100g312.2g3 Flatness of machine tables 110g312.3g3 Position and orientation of functional surfaces 118g312.4g3 Squareness error and perpendicularity error between lines and planes . 128g312.5g3 Run-out of rotational components 132g3Annex A (informative) Machine t

18、ool coordinate system and position and orientation errors . 134g3Annex B (informative) Test piece measurement . 147g3Annex C (informative) Cross-reference 149g3Bibliography . 158g3Index Alphabetical index of terms and definitions 159g3BS ISO 230-1:2012ISO 230-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved v

19、Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a t

20、echnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters

21、 of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulate

22、d to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible

23、for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 230-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 39, Machine tools, Subcommittee SC 2, Test conditions for metal cutting machine tools. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 230-1:1996), which has been technically revised.

24、ISO 230 consists of the following parts, under the general title Test code for machine tools: g127 Part 1: Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or quasi-static conditions g127 Part 2: Determination of accuracy and repeatability of positioning of numerically controlled axes g127 Par

25、t 3: Determination of thermal effects g127 Part 4: Circular tests for numerically controlled machine tools g127 Part 5: Determination of the noise emission g127 Part 6: Determination of positioning accuracy on body and face diagonals (Diagonal displacement tests) g127 Part 7: Geometric accuracy of a

26、xes of rotation g127 Part 8: Vibrations Technical Report g127 Part 9: Estimation of measurement uncertainty for machine tool tests according to series ISO 230, basic equations Technical Report g127 Part 10: Determination of the measuring performance of probing systems of numerically controlled machi

27、ne tools The following part is under preparation: g127 Part 11: Measuring instruments and their application to machine tool geometry tests Technical Report. BS ISO 230-1:2012ISO 230-1:2012(E) vi ISO 2012 All rights reservedIntroduction ISO/TC 39/SC 2 decided to revise and restructure this part of IS

28、O 230 for the following reasons: a) some subclauses of the previous edition overlapped with other newly specified test codes; b) for practical reasons, it was necessary to modify the definitions of parallelism error and squareness error in order to exclude straightness error when looking at machine

29、tool motion; NOTE These definitions are not intended to be used for describing parallelism and perpendicularity errors of components and features. For components and features, this part of ISO 230 directly complies with the parallelism error and perpendicularity error definitions derived from other

30、International Standards (e.g. ISO 1101). c) a clear separation was desired among error motions of a trajectory and imperfections of functional surfaces and workpieces; d) there was a need to address advances in machine tool technologies, measurement methods and measurement instruments. e) Annex A of

31、 the second edition became wider, as new measuring methods/apparatus have been developed and introduced for higher accuracy and faster measurements. Therefore, it was separated from the main body to become a future Part 11 (Technical Report). f) furthermore, to align this part of ISO 230 with ISO 14

32、253 (all parts), subclauses related to the uncertainty of measurement have been introduced. BS ISO 230-1:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 230-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1Test code for machine tools Part 1: Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or quasi-static conditions 1

33、Scope This part of ISO 230 specifies methods for testing the accuracy of machine tools, operating either under no-load or under quasi-static conditions, by means of geometric and machining tests. The methods can also be applied to other types of industrial machines. This part of ISO 230 covers power

34、-driven machines, which can be used for machining metal, wood, etc., by the removal of chips or swarf material or by plastic deformation. It does not cover power-driven portable hand tools. This part of ISO 230 relates to the testing of geometric accuracy. It is not applicable to the operational tes

35、ting of the machine tool (vibrations, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) or to the checking of characteristics (speeds, feeds). This part of ISO 230 does not cover the geometric accuracy of high-speed machine motions where machining forces are typically smaller than acceleration forces. 2 Normat

36、ive references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1, Geometrical Product Specifi

37、cations (GPS) Standard reference temperature for geometrical product specification and verification ISO 230-2, Test code for machine tools Part 2: Determination of accuracy and repeatability of positioning of numerically controlled axes ISO 230-4, Test code for machine tools Part 4: Circular tests f

38、or numerically controlled machine tools ISO 230-6, Test code for machine tools Part 6: Determination of positioning accuracy on body and face diagonals (Diagonal displacement tests) ISO 230-7, Test code for machine tools Part 7: Geometric accuracy of axes of rotation ISO/TR 230-8, Test code for mach

39、ine tools Part 8: Vibrations ISO 841, Industrial automation systems and integration Numerical control of machines Coordinate system and motion nomenclature BS ISO 230-1:2012ISO 230-1:2012(E) 2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Geometrical tolerancing Tole

40、rances of form, orientation, location and run-out ISO 12181-1:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Roundness Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of roundness ISO 12780-1:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Straightness Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of straightness ISO 12781-1:

41、2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Flatness Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of flatness ISO 14253-1, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Inspection by measurement of workpieces and measuring equipment Part 1: Decision rules for proving conformance or non-conformance with specifica

42、tions 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 General For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 230-2, ISO 230-4, ISO 230-7, ISO 841, ISO 12181-1, ISO 12780-1 and ISO 12781-1 and the following apply. This part of ISO 230 uses metrological definitions, which take into account actu

43、al motions, real lines and surfaces accessible to measurement taking into account the limitations introduced by the construction or the practicality of geometric verification. NOTE 1 In some cases, geometric definitions (definitions of run-out, etc.) have been retained in this part of ISO 230, in or

44、der to eliminate any confusion and to clarify the language used. However, when describing test methods, measuring instruments and tolerances, metrological definitions are taken as the basis. NOTE 2 For the alphabetical list of terms and definitions, see the index. 3.2 Terms for machine coordinate sy

45、stem and motion nomenclature 3.2.1 machine coordinate system right-hand rectangular system with the three principal axes labelled X, Y and Z, with rotary axes about each of these axes labelled A, B and C, respectively See Figure 1. Figure 1 Right-hand rectangular machine coordinate system BS ISO 230

46、-1:2012ISO 230-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 33.3 Terms for static compliance and hysteresis 3.3.1 structural loop assembly of components, which maintains the relative position between two specified objects ISO 230-7:2006, definition 3.1.13 NOTE A typical pair of specified objects is a cutt

47、ing tool and a workpiece, in which case the structural loop includes the spindle, bearings and spindle housing, the machine head stock, the machine slideways and frame, and the fixtures for holding the tool and workpiece. For large machines, the foundation can also be part of the structural loop. 3.

48、3.2 static compliance linear (or angular) displacement per unit static force (or moment) between two objects, specified with respect to the structural loop, the location and direction of the applied forces, and the location and direction of the displacement of interest NOTE 1 Static compliance is re

49、ciprocal to static stiffness. Static compliance is preferred because of its additive properties. NOTE 2 The term “cross compliance” is used when displacement and force are not measured in the same direction. 3.3.3 play condition of zero stiffness over a limited range of displacement due to clearance between the components of a structural loop ISO 230-7:2006, definition 3.1.21 3.3.4 hysteresis linear (or angular) displacement between two objects resulting from the sequential a