BS ISO 23873-2011 Hard coal Method for the measurement of the swelling of hard coal using a dilatometer《无烟煤 使用膨胀计测量无烟煤膨胀的方法》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 23873:2010Hard coal Method forthe measurement of theswelling of hard coal using adilatometerBS ISO 23873:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the

2、 UK implementation of ISO 23873:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/16, Solid mineral fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary

3、provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 71903 5ICS 73.040; 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy C

4、ommittee on 31 March 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 23873:2010Reference numberISO 23873:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO23873First edition2010-11-15Hard coal Method for the measurement of the swelling of hard coal using a dilatometer Houille Mthode pour le

5、mesurage du gonflement de la houille au moyen dun dilatomtre BS ISO 23873:2010ISO 23873:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded

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10、 Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 23873:2010ISO 23873:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Principle .2 5 Materials .2 6 Apparatus.2 6.1 Mould and accessories.2 6.2 Dilatometer.

11、3 6.3 Dilatometer furnace.3 6.4 Temperature controller .4 6.5 Temperature recorder .4 6.6 Retort and piston.4 6.7 Means of recording piston movement 4 6.8 Cleaning instruments4 7 Procedure.5 7.1 Temperature calibration5 7.2 Preparation of test sample and test pieces 5 7.3 Determination 6 8 Expressio

12、n of results7 9 Precision 8 9.1 Repeatability 8 9.2 Reproducibility 8 10 Test report8 BS ISO 23873:2010ISO 23873:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The wo

13、rk of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governm

14、ental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The

15、main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

16、Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23873 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Meth

17、ods of analysis. BS ISO 23873:2010ISO 23873:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction The dilatation of coal has been primarily measured by two different standard procedures: the Ruhr dilatometer and the Audibert-Arnu dilatometer. Both of the methods were very similar, having the same basic

18、 apparatus and heating rate but using different initial masses of coal arising from the method of pencil preparation. This International Standard combines the two previous procedures by adjusting the equipment specification to define a single acceptable method. BS ISO 23873:2010BS ISO 23873:2010INTE

19、RNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23873:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Hard coal Method for the measurement of the swelling of hard coal using a dilatometer 1 Scope This International Standard describes a method for the measurement of the swelling of hard coal using a dilatometer. 2 Normative references

20、 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1213-2, Solid mineral fuels Vocabulary Part

21、2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis ISO 13909-4, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 4: Coal Preparation of test samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1213-2 and the following apply. 3.1 softening temperature

22、 temperature of initial contraction temperature at which the downward movement of the dilatometer piston is 0,5 mm NOTE See temperature 1in Figure 3. 3.2 temperature of maximum contraction temperature at which the dilatometer piston reaches its lowest point NOTE See temperature 2in Figure 3. 3.3 tem

23、perature of maximum dilatation temperature at which the dilatometer piston reaches its highest point NOTE See temperature 3in Figure 3. 3.4 maximum contraction maximum downward movement of the dilatometer piston, measured from the zero point NOTE 1 Maximum contraction is expressed as a percentage of

24、 the initial test-piece length. NOTE 2 See c in Figures 3 and 4. BS ISO 23873:2010ISO 23873:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.5 maximum dilatation maximum upward movement of the dilatometer piston after contraction, measured from the zero point NOTE 1 Maximum dilatation is expressed as a perce

25、ntage of the initial test-piece length. NOTE 2 See d in Figures 3 and 4. The value can be either positive or negative. 3.6 repeatability maximum acceptable difference between two determinations which are carried out in the same laboratory, by the same operator with the same apparatus, on test pieces

26、 prepared from the same test sample and tested simultaneously in two different retorts during the same heating cycle or separately in the same retort during different heating cycles 3.7 reproducibility maximum acceptable difference between the means of two determinations which are carried out in eac

27、h of two laboratories, on representative portions taken from the same gross sample, after the last stage of sample preparation 4 Principle A test piece, in the form of a pencil, prepared from powdered coal is heated at a constant rate in a steel retort positioned in a furnace, the temperature monito

28、ring system having been previously calibrated using two reference metals of known melting points. The change in level of a piston resting upon the test piece is observed continuously, and a record is produced which is charateristic of the swelling properties of the coal. 5 Materials The following ma

29、terials are required for temperature calibration (7.1). 5.1 Graphite pencils, 30 mm long, base diameter 7,4 mm, top diameter 6,8 mm, with a small cylindrical reservoir drilled in the narrow end of each pencil. 5.2 Metal balls, of the following reference metals: a) lead, of analytical reagent grade,

30、assay (Pb) 99,98 % minimum, melting point 327,0 C; b) zinc, assay (Zn) 99,87 % minimum, melting point 419,3 C. 5.3 Water-based blacking. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Mould and accessories 6.1.1 Mould (see Figure 1), made from steel, case-hardened after machining. The bore shall be polished after hardening and th

31、e bore and uniformity of taper (i.e 1 in 50) shall conform to the dimensions given in Table 1. 6.1.2 Mallet, plastics head, mass about 200 g. 6.1.3 Ram (see Figure 1). BS ISO 23873:2010ISO 23873:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 36.1.4 Press (see Figure 1). 6.1.5 Load cell (see Figure 1), capable

32、 of registering a load of 0 to 15 kN. 6.1.6 Pencil gauge (see Figure 1). Table 1 Dimensions of mould Distance from wide end Bore (tolerance: 0,00, +0,005) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 7,4 7,2 7,0 6,8 6,6 6,4 6,2 6,0 6.2 Dilatometer A general arrangement of suitable dilatometer apparatus giving critical di

33、mensions is shown in Figure 2. 6.3 Dilatometer furnace A furnace capable of heating two or more retorts (6.6) to a temperature of 550 C at a rate of 3 C/min is used. A suitable furnace (for heating three retorts) is illustrated in Figure 2 and consists of a casing fitted with a base and a top cover.

34、 The cover supports a cylindrical block of copper-aluminium alloy CA 104, of 65 mm diameter and 460 mm long. The block has three holes of 380 mm minimum depth and 15,0 mm 0,1 mm diameter, drilled as shown in Figure 2. The top surface may be insulated by an appropriately shaped piece of board. The bl

35、ock is heated electrically by an insulated resistance winding, capable of raising the temperature of the block to 550 C at a rate of 3C/min. The space between the block and the casing is filled with a thermal insulating material. A suitable temperature sensor is positioned in the third retort in suc

36、h a way that the sensor tip lies centrally 30 mm above the internal base of the retort. The distance of 30 mm is established by using a graphite pencil (5.1) as a means of measurement. The furnace shall comply with the following operating conditions. Heat the furnace to 400 C, measuring the temperat

37、ure at the standard sensing point, i.e. at a position equivalent to that of the centre of a normally sited test piece 30 mm above the internal base of the sensing retort. Place a second temperature-measuring device (e.g. a probe), of similar precision, in one of the other retorts at the same height

38、above its base. If the two devices differ, apply a correction. Heat the furnace at a rate of 3 C/min and, when the temperature has reached about 450 C, measure the temperature over the lower 250 mm of the retort using the probe. The difference between the corrected probe temperature and the mean tem

39、perature shown at the standard temperature-sensing position shall be not more than: 2 C in the lower 120 mm; 5 C from 120 mm to 180 mm; 10 C from 180 mm to 250 mm. BS ISO 23873:2010ISO 23873:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reservedThe instrument used to measure the temperature can be either the temper

40、ature recorder described in 6.5 or another of at least equal precision. 6.4 Temperature controller The temperature controller shall be a separate instrument from that used to record the rise of temperature during the test. It shall be of the automatic, programmed type capable of maintaining a mean r

41、ate of temperature rise of 3 C/min 0,05 C/min between 250 C and 550 C with a variation of not more than 1 C per 30 C rise in any 10 min period, with a precision of 1 C. 6.5 Temperature recorder A suitable means of producing a complete record of the temperature variation during the test. 6.6 Retort a

42、nd piston A cylindrical retort of cold-drawn seamless tube of steel fitted with a gastight threaded plug at its base and a collar at its top. When inserted in a hole in the furnace, the retort shall be supported only by the collar with the threaded plug clear of the bottom of the hole. When new, the

43、 internal diameter of the retort shall be 8,00 mm 0,05 mm and the external diameter shall be 14,5 mm 0,1 mm. Check the internal diameter with a suitable ball gauge when new, and again after 100, 150, 200, etc., tests. If the internal diameter of the lower third of the retort has increased at any poi

44、nt to more than 8,075 mm, discard the retort. The piston is machined from rod made of steel. Adjust the combined mass of the piston and pen assembly to 150 g 5 g by machining cut-out portions from the piston. The difference between the diameter of the piston and the internal diameter of the retort s

45、hall be 0,2 mm 0,05 mm on manufacture. If this difference exceeds 0,275 mm in use, the piston shall be replaced. The piston shall slide freely in the retort. A stand shall be provided to allow the retorts and pistons to cool in a vertical position after removal from the furnace. 6.7 Means of recordi

46、ng piston movement A suitable means of recording piston movement versus time on a chart shall be used. The horizontal scale (time) shall be such that, when converted to temperature (see 7.3.3), a range of 180 C will occupy a length of at least 150 mm. On the vertical scale, 5 % expansion or contract

47、ion shall occupy at least 3 mm. This may be achieved either by a mechanical pen/chart system or a transducer/electrical signal recorder. A simple mechanical system is illustrated in Figure 2. In this example, two tests are recorded simultaneously on opposite sides of the chart by means of pens clipp

48、ed firmly to the tops of the pistons. The chart is fixed to a cylinder which is rotated at uniform speed by either a clockwork or a synchronous motor and is mounted on a stand which is clamped to the top of the dilatometer outer casing. 6.8 Cleaning instruments 6.8.1 Auger, of diameter approximately

49、 7,8 mm and stem length 400 mm. 6.8.2 Wire brush, of diameter 8 mm and stem length 400 mm. NOTE A wear-resistant steel reamer, of diameter 7,95 mm and stem length 400 mm, can also be used. BS ISO 23873:2010ISO 23873:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 57 Procedure 7.1 Temperature calibration Check that the standard temperature sensor is accurate by either of the following procedures. Carry out the operations for each retort in the furnace, other than the retort used for the standa