BS ISO 23932-2011 Fire safety engineering General principles《防火安全性工程 一般原理》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 23932:2009Fire safety engineering General principlesBS ISO 23932:2009 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 23932:2009.The

2、 UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FSH/24, Fire safety engineering.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are

3、responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 62017 1ICS 13.220.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2011.Amendments issu

4、ed since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 23932:2009Reference numberISO 23932:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO23932First edition2009-06-15Fire safety engineering General principles Ingnierie de la scurit incendie Principes gnraux BS ISO 23932:2009ISO 23932:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF

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8、ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in t

9、he country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 23932:2009ISO 23932:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents

10、 Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Overview of the fire-safety engineering process 3 5 Scope of the project concerning fire-safety engineering process 4 6 Identification of fire-safety objectives, functional requirements and performan

11、ce criteria . 5 7 Hazard identification. 8 8 Fire-safety design plan. 8 9 Fire and behavioural scenarios. 9 10 Selection of engineering methods and preliminary report. 11 11 Scenario-based evaluation of trial design .12 12 Final project report . 14 13 Implementation of fire-safety design plan .16 14

12、 Fire-safety management and inspection 17 Bibliography . 18 BS ISO 23932:2009ISO 23932:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internatio

13、nal Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO

14、, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical com

15、mittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the

16、possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23932 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 4, Fire safety engineering. BS ISO 23932:

17、2009ISO 23932:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction The vast majority of fire safety designs rely on prescriptive specifications written into regional, national or local regulations. Currently, various engineering approaches are also allowed by these regulations, although information ne

18、eded for an engineering approach is still generally obtained from conventional test methods. Fire Safety Engineering (FSE) is a discipline increasingly being used throughout the world in support of performance-based design, i.e. the reliance on engineering methods to determine whether a given design

19、 meets stated performance objectives. An example of such a concept already in use in the current regulatory environment is the “equivalency concept”, where FSE supplements prescriptive design by being applied in a performance-based analysis to specific aspects of a design to obtain “equivalent” perf

20、ormance. The eight parts to ISO/TR 13387 developed by ISO/TC 92/SC 4 have already outlined the fundamental methodologies of FSE. The difference between prescriptive and performance-based approaches to fire-safety design is highlighted in this International Standard by emphasizing the development of

21、quantifiable fire-safety objectives as the first step in a performance-based analysis. Such objectives can be completely deterministic in nature or contain both deterministic and probabilistic aspects as used in a fire-risk assessment approach. The new infrastructure of International Standards suppo

22、rting performance-based fire-safety design consists of two basic types of fire-safety standards: a) conceptual standards that describe the underlying concepts and contain general requirements for both engineering and test methods to support performance-based design; these correspond to principle and

23、 phenomenon standards in the ISO/TC 92 framework report; b) standards that adapt the conceptual standards to specific configurations of the built environment, e.g. structural systems, transportation systems and manufacturing processes; these correspond to configuration standards in the ISO/TC 92 fra

24、mework report. Conceptual standards have the advantage of broad applicability as guides for local/regional adoption and for new types of situations, while configuration standards are more specific and detailed. This International Standard on general design principles and design philosophy for fire-s

25、afety engineering contains a comprehensive overview of the performance-based design process for fire safety and thus represents the type of principle standard discussed in the ISO/TC 92 framework report. As such, it is also a template guiding the development of other standards applicable to a wide r

26、ange of generic and specific fire-safety design situations. Hence, it is important that this International Standard be viewed as an outline of the fire-safety engineering design process, not as a detailed design methodology. BS ISO 23932:2009BS ISO 23932:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23932:2009(E)

27、ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Fire safety engineering General principles 1 Scope This International Standard provides general principles for a performance-based methodology for engineers to assess the level of fire safety for new or existing built environments. Fire safety is evaluated through an en

28、gineered approach based on the quantification of the behaviour of fire and people and based on knowledge of the consequences of such behaviour on life safety, property and the environment. This International Standard is not intended as a detailed technical design guide, but does contain the key elem

29、ents needed by practicing fire safety engineers and peer reviewers (those entities who can be required to review the work of fire-safety engineers) for addressing the different steps and their linkages in a design process. The information contained in this International Standard is intended not only

30、 to be useful to engineers directly but also to serve as a template to guide the development of a consistent set of fire-safety engineering documents covering the role of engineering methods and test methods in performance-based design and assessment. The basic principles of fire-safety design and r

31、elated fire-safety objectives in this International Standard can be applied in any other document addressing phenomena associated with fire (e.g. fire growth, hot gases and effluents movement, structural and compartmentalization behaviour). Related fire-safety objectives include, for example, safety

32、 of life; conservation of property; continuity of operations; protection of the environment; preservation of heritage. Furthermore, these basic principles can be applied to all configurations of the built environment (e.g. buildings, transportation systems and industrial installations). Because pres

33、criptive regulations covering fire-safety design will co-exist for some time with performance-based design, this International Standard takes into account that fire-safety designs conforming to prescriptive regulations can become the basis for comparison of engineered designs of new built environmen

34、ts. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 13943, Fire safety

35、 Vocabulary BS ISO 23932:2009ISO 23932:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply. 3.1 engineering judgement process exercised by a professional or a team of professionals who i

36、s qualified by way of education, experience and recognized skills to complement, supplement, accept or reject elements of an engineering analysis 3.2 fire-safety manual fire-safety information system document or computer system detailing the fire-safety management procedures intended for implementat

37、ion on a continuing basis 3.3 fire-safety strategy specification of design functions used in achieving fire-safety objectives that, when fully elaborated and specified, forms the basis for a trial design 3.4 functional requirement statement of the means to achieve specified fire-safety objectives, t

38、aking into account the features of a built environment NOTE Mandatory functional requirements are required by building codes or national regulations; voluntary functional requirements are expressed by other interested/affected parties. 3.5 interested/affected party party that is impacted by a fire s

39、afety design, including property owners and other property stakeholders, or authority having jurisdiction in charge of the public health and welfare 3.6 mandatory objective fire-safety objective, such as life safety and protection of the environment, which is required by building codes or national r

40、egulations 3.7 performance criteria quantitative engineering specifications that form an agreed basis for assessing the safety of a built-environment design 3.8 safety factor multiplicative adjustment applied to calculated values to compensate for uncertainty in methods, calculations, input data and

41、 assumptions 3.9 trial design design chosen for the purpose of making a fire-safety engineering analysis 3.10 uncertainty quantification of the systematic and random error in data, variables, parameters or mathematical relationships, or of a failure to include a relevant element BS ISO 23932:2009ISO

42、 23932:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 33.11 validation fire calculation model process of determining the degree to which a calculation method is an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of the calculation method, such as confirming the correct assu

43、mptions and governing equations implemented in a model when applied to the entire class of problems addressed by the model 3.12 verification fire calculation model process of determining that a calculation method implementation accurately represents the developers conceptual description of the calcu

44、lation method and the solution to the calculation method NOTE The fundamental strategy of verification of computational models is the identification and quantification of error in the computational model and its solution. 3.13 voluntary objective fire safety objectives that are requirements expresse

45、d by interested/affected parties beyond mandatory objectives 4 Overview of the fire-safety engineering process Fire is a complex phenomenon that imposes fluid-dynamic, thermal, mechanical and chemical actions (loads) on a built environment, on occupants or users of a built environment and on fire se

46、rvices. Therefore, it is essential that the fire-safety design process outlined in this International Standard be an integral part of all construction projects involving aspects that cannot be adequately accommodated by prescriptive requirements. The fact that fire actions (loads) can lead to change

47、s that alter subsequent fire behaviour, with a resulting modification of the fire action (load), makes the interaction of fire-safety design with all other component design features essential during the life of a project. For example, boundaries can rupture in response to a fire, which can allow the

48、 introduction of additional ventilation causing an increase in fire intensity. The actions of building occupants can also influence the fire development by opening or closing doors/windows or by attempting to fight the fire. The chart in Figure 1 is an outline of the fire-safety engineering process

49、(design, implementation and maintenance) of a built environment, with reference to clause numbers where the process is explained in more detail. Figure 1 shows the various steps required for the development of a fire-safety engineering process that fully meets the objectives of all interested/affected parties. After having defined accurately the scope of the project (Clause 5), the first step (Clause 6) involves the development of fire-safety objectives, related functional requirements and quantitative performance criteria for