BS ISO 27547-1-2010 Plastics Preparation of test specimens of thermoplastic materials using mouldless technologies General principles and laser sintering of test specimens《塑料 使用无模工.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 27547-1:2010Plastics Preparation of testspecimens of thermoplasticmaterials using mouldlesstechnologiesPart 1: General principles, and lasersintering of test specimensBS I

2、SO 27547-1:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 27547-1:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/82, Thermoplastic materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on requ

3、est to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 58173 1ICS 83.080.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Stand

4、ard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 27547-1:2010Reference numberISO 27547-1:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO27547-1First edition2010-09-15Plastics Preparation of t

5、est specimens of thermoplastic materials using mouldless technologies Part 1: General principles, and laser sintering of test specimens Plastiques Prparation des prouvettes de matriaux thermoplastiques par des techniques sans moule Partie 1: Principes gnraux, et frittage laser des prouvettes BS ISO

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11、SO 27547-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Apparatus.4 4.1 Test specimens4 4.2 Laser-sintering machine.4 5 Procedure.4 5.1 Conditioning of the material.4 5.2 Laser sintering.4 5.3 Post-trea

12、tment of specimens .5 6 Report on test-specimen preparation .6 Annex A (informative) Laser-sintering parameters .7 Annex B (informative) Laser beam radius 9 Bibliography11 BS ISO 27547-1:2010ISO 27547-1:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardi

13、zation) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to b

14、e represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standa

15、rds are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter

16、national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 27547-1

17、 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 9, Thermoplastic materials. ISO 27547 consists of the following part, under the general title Plastics Preparation of test specimens of thermoplastic materials using mouldless technologies: Part 1: General principles, and lase

18、r sintering of test specimens Further parts are planned covering other mouldless technologies. BS ISO 27547-1:2010ISO 27547-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction Many factors in a mouldless specimen-preparation process can influence the properties of the test specimens prepared and he

19、nce the measured values obtained when the specimens are used in a test method. The mechanical properties of such specimens are in fact strongly dependent on the conditions of the process used to prepare the specimens. Exact definition of each of the main parameters of the process is a basic requirem

20、ent for reproducible operating conditions. It is important in defining specimen-preparation conditions to consider any influence the conditions could have on the properties to be determined. Specimens prepared by mouldless techniques could show differences in molecular morphology (as with crystallin

21、e and semicrystalline polymers), differences in powder morphology (after undergoing a sintering process, for instance), differences in thermal history and differences in thickness of the layers used to prepare the specimen. Each of these will have to be controlled to avoid differences in the values

22、of the properties measured. BS ISO 27547-1:2010BS ISO 27547-1:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 27547-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Plastics Preparation of test specimens of thermoplastic materials using mouldless technologies Part 1: General principles, and laser sintering of test specimens

23、1 Scope This part of ISO 27547 specifies the general principles of test-specimen preparation using mouldless techniques. Sometimes, these techniques are called “tool-less” methods. Common to all these techniques is the fact that the specimens are produced layer by layer. The shape and dimensions of

24、the specimens are defined in terms of a numerical description using CAD techniques. This computer model of the specimen is “sliced” into layers by means of suitable software. The specimen-preparation process then builds up the specimens automatically, layer by layer, using the computer model and a s

25、uitable computer-controlled laser-sintering machine. The three software systems used (for CAD, slicing the specimen into layers and machine control) may be independent systems interfacing separately with the machine or they may be integrated with the machine. This part of ISO 27547 also specifies th

26、e general principles to be followed when test specimens of thermoplastic materials are prepared by laser sintering. The laser-sintering process is used to prepare specimens layer-wise by sintering the particles of a thermoplastic powder using the energy of a laser beam. This part of ISO 27547 provid

27、es a basis for establishing reproducible sintering conditions. Its purpose is to promote uniformity in describing the main parameters of the sintering process and also to establish uniform practice in reporting sintering conditions. The particular conditions required for reproducible preparation of

28、test specimens which will give comparable results will vary for each material used. These conditions shall be as given in the International Standard for the relevant material or shall be agreed upon between the interested parties. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispe

29、nsable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing 3 Terms and definitions For

30、 the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 laser wavelength wavelength at the peak intensity of the laser used for sintering NOTE It is expressed in nanometres. BS ISO 27547-1:2010ISO 27547-1:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.2 laser power power of the laser

31、 beam NOTE 1 It is expressed in watts. NOTE 2 The laser power is usually different when producing the contour (outline) of the specimen and when hatching the specimen. Both values are therefore reported. 3.3 laser mode parameter indicating which of the various electromagnetic standing waves that can

32、 be produced in the laser cavity is actually being used in a particular application 3.4 beam radius radius of the laser beam, determined in the way described in Annex B NOTE It is expressed in millimetres. 3.5 beam speed speed of travel of the laser beam across the surface of the specimen being prep

33、ared NOTE 1 It is expressed in millimetres per second. NOTE 2 The beam speed is usually different when producing the contour (outline) of the specimen and when hatching the specimen. Both values are therefore reported. 3.6 powder-dispenser speed speed of the powder dispenser as it moves across the s

34、pecimen-preparation chamber before preheating begins (see Figure A.1) NOTE It is expressed in millimetres per minute. 3.7 preheating temperature temperature to which the specimen-preparation chamber is heated before the specimen-preparation process starts NOTE It is expressed in degrees Celsius. 3.8

35、 preheating time length of time the powder bed is heated before the specimen-preparation process starts NOTE 1 It is expressed in minutes. NOTE 2 The preheating time is rather long (approx. 30 min) as it is necessary to have a steady-state temperature which is the same throughout the whole specimen-

36、preparation chamber. 3.9 temperature of the powder temperature of the surface of the polymer powder NOTE 1 It is expressed in degrees Celsius. NOTE 2 Another important temperature is the controlled temperature of that part of the chamber near the sintered layer. It is also expressed in degrees Celsi

37、us. BS ISO 27547-1:2010ISO 27547-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 33.10 contour track followed by the laser beam when producing the outline of the specimen NOTE For further details, see Annex A. 3.11 hatching set of closely spaced parallel lines, within the contour line, along which the laser

38、beam travels to produce the main body of the specimen NOTE For further details, see Annex A. 3.12 cool-down temperature temperature measured in the middle of the powder bed when the specimens are removed from the powder bed NOTE It is expressed in degrees Celsius. 3.13 inert gas inert gas which can

39、be used to protect the polymer powder in the specimen-preparation chamber 3.14 layer thickness thickness of the successive layers of powder used to prepare the specimen NOTE 1 It is expressed in millimetres. NOTE 2 The same layer thickness is used for every layer of a specimen. 3.15 overall layer-pr

40、eparation time overall time needed to prepare one layer NOTE It is expressed in seconds. 3.16 post-completion layers powder layers applied after completion of the sintering process 3.17 specimen orientation orientation of the specimen in the powder bed NOTE Designation of the specimen orientation is

41、 relative to the direction of the laser beam. Three different orientations are possible: a) flatwise; b) edgewise; c) upright. 3.18 specimen position position of each specimen within the chamber, as defined by the following three parameters: a) the minimum distance allowed between any specimen and t

42、he chamber wall, expressed in mm; b) the minimum distance allowed between two adjacent specimens, expressed in mm; c) the number of specimens being produced in the run BS ISO 27547-1:2010ISO 27547-1:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved4 Apparatus 4.1 Test specimens This part of ISO 27547 describes

43、 the preparation of test specimens for the acquisition of data which are intended to be comparable (see ISO 10350-1, ISO 11403-1, ISO 11403-2 and ISO 11403-3) with data obtained from other laser-sintered specimens, as well as for use in the case of disputes. The dimensions of these specimens are giv

44、en in ISO 3167 or ISO 20753. Laser sintering is a method which can be used to prepare specimens of almost any shape. In order to generate comparable data, the conditions for the preparation of the test specimen described in Clause 5 apply. These conditions shall be reported as described in Clause 6.

45、 4.2 Laser-sintering machine The laser-sintering machine used for the preparation of specimens shall be capable of adjusting the laser power, the beam radius and beam speed and the layer thickness. It shall be possible to heat the specimen-preparation chamber, the powder and the inert gas (if used)

46、in order to create reproducible conditions for the preparation of specimens of different polymers. It shall also be possible to measure the temperature within the powder bed. The control system of the machine shall be capable of maintaining the operating conditions within the following tolerance lim

47、its: laser power, PL10 % beam radius, RB5 % contour offset 10 m distance between hatching lines 10 m beam speed, VB10 mm/s temperature of the chamber, TC3 C temperature of the powder, TP3 C layer thickness 10 m The size of the chamber shall allow all three types of specimen orientation mentioned in

48、3.17. 5 Procedure 5.1 Conditioning of the material Prior to processing, condition the powder of the thermoplastic material as required by the relevant material standard, or as recommended by the manufacturer if no standard covers this subject. To avoid condensation of moisture on to the material, av

49、oid exposing it to the atmosphere while it is at a temperature significantly below the temperature of the workshop. 5.2 Laser sintering 5.2.1 Feed into the numerical control the shapes and sizes of the specimens to be manufactured. In the case of laser sintering, it is permissible to prepare several specimens, as well as different specimen types, in one run. The number of specimens processed in one run shall not, however, exceed 15 a maximum of five specimens at one level and a maximum of three