1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 2834-2:2015Graphic technology Laboratory preparation testprintsPart 2: Liquid printing inksBS ISO 2834-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 2834-2:2015. Itsupersedes BS ISO 2834-2:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK
2、participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/43, Graphic technology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsib
3、le for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 85219 0ICS 87.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy
4、and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 2834-2:2015 ISO 2015Graphic technology Laboratory preparation test prints Part 2: Liquid printing inksTechnologie graphique Prparation en laboratoire des impressions dessai Partie 2: Encres dimpression
5、 liquidesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO2834-2Second edition2015-05-15Reference numberISO 2834-2:2015(E)BS ISO 2834-2:2015ISO 2834-2:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publica
6、tion may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country
7、 of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 2834-2:2015ISO 2834-2:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Test me
8、thod . 24.1 Principle 24.2 Apparatus and quality requirements. 24.2.1 Apparatus . 24.2.2 Quality requirements for printability testers . 44.3 Materials . 54.3.1 Printing ink . 54.3.2 Printing substrate . 54.4 Test conditions 54.4.1 Climatic conditions 54.4.2 Printing speed and printing pressure 54.4
9、.3 Drying 64.4.4 Determination of ink film coverage and ink film thickness 65 Procedure. 76 Test report . 7 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 2834-2:2015ISO 2834-2:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standard
10、s bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiz
11、ations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its fur
12、ther maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directi
13、ves).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the In
14、troduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to
15、 conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.This second edition cancels and
16、 replaces the first edition (ISO 2834-2:2007), which has been technically revised.ISO 2834 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology Laboratory preparation of test prints: Part 1: Paste inks Part 2: Liquid printing inks Part 3: Screen printing inksiv ISO 2015 All ri
17、ghts reservedBS ISO 2834-2:2015ISO 2834-2:2015(E)IntroductionThis part of ISO 2834 describes the test print preparation of liquid inks (gravure and flexography). These test prints have a homogeneous distribution of ink on a substrate, a reproducible ink composition and relative ink coverage. Therefo
18、re, they are suitable for optical tests so that the measured reflectance can be assigned to a known ink coverage. If tests are done only for mechanical and chemical resistance, the user may apply less accurate methods. The preparation of test prints for paste inks (lithography) is described in ISO 2
19、834-1, while screen inks are covered in ISO 2834-3.In ISO 2834-1, specific operational settings for the “round-to-round” and the “round-to-flat” offset ink printability testers are provided. Printability testers for liquid inks encompass a much wider array of operating processes and associated setti
20、ngs. Therefore, the guidelines included in ISO 2834-2 are more general and will, of necessity, result in more opportunities for operator error in making the test prints.This revised version of ISO 2834-2 was developed to incorporate an ink coverage and an dry ink film thickness determination and to
21、remove the references to ISO 2846-3 and ISO 2846-5. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 2834-2:2015BS ISO 2834-2:2015Graphic technology Laboratory preparation test prints Part 2: Liquid printing inks1 ScopeThis part of ISO 2834 specifies a test method for preparation of test prints produced with li
22、quid water-based or solvent-based printing inks as used in flexography and gravure printing. These test prints are intended primarily for optical tests, such as gloss, colorimetry, transparency and reflection density. They can also be used for testing light fastness and the chemical, physical and me
23、chanical resistance to mechanical and chemical attack regarding either printing ink and/or substrate. Flexographic inks with higher viscosity, such as those cured by radiation, are also covered. This part of ISO 2834 is not applicable to inks for ink jet printing.2 Normative referencesThe following
24、documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 187, Paper, board
25、and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samplesISO 2431, Paints and varnishes Determination of flow time by use of flow cupsISO 13655, Graphic technology Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic a
26、rts images3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1anilox rollerchromium plated or a ceramic roller with evenly distributed small cells generally mounted on a flexographic printing press to control the quantity of ink transferred to the p
27、rinting forme3.2extendertransparent material (varnish or polymer solution) used to reduce the colorant concentration while maintaining viscosity to adapt ink colour concentration to print substrates3.3printing forme for flexographycylinder or sleeve covered with a relief type rubber or photopolymer
28、plate for application of printing ink to print substrate3.4printing forme for gravuremechanically engraved or laser-engraved or chemically etched cylinder, sleeve or plate for application of printing ink to a print substrateINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2834-2:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS I
29、SO 2834-2:2015ISO 2834-2:2015(E)3.5printing inkcomposite material containing colorants, functional components, vehicle and additivesNote 1 to entry: In most cases, it is applied as a fluid to a substrate by a printing process and setting or drying by either physical (evaporation) and/or chemical (po
30、lymerizations e.g. oxidation, radiation induced, or other) processes in order to form an image for decorative, informative or technical purposes.3.6printability testerdevice for uniformly applying a reproducible amount of ink to a substrate under specified conditions3.7retarderadditive to reduce the
31、 evaporation speed of the solvent in a liquid ink to prevent drying during the application of ink to the substrate3.8test-ready inkprinting ink of the appropriate composition and viscosity for the purpose of the test4 Test method4.1 PrincipleUsing a printability tester, the gravure or flexographic p
32、rinting ink is applied consistently and uniformly on the chosen substrate.NOTE 1 Test samples for mechanical and chemical resistance tests can be prepared using any technique resulting in a uniform ink film in a desired thickness range. Ink film thicknesses different from those used in practice will
33、 have a strong influence on the results of such tests. These methods are not covered by this part of ISO 2834.NOTE 2 Due to differences between a printing press and a laboratory printability tester, prints produced on a laboratory printability tester can be different in appearance and in ink film th
34、ickness from commercial prints. To reach the same colour strength or print density, different settings from the actual press settings are generally required.4.2 Apparatus and quality requirements4.2.1 ApparatusAny printability tester specifically designed for liquid printing inks of the type to be t
35、ested, liquid printing ink (solvent, water or radiation cured), substrate and drying apparatus may be used as long as the resulting printed ink film is uniform and at the required ink film thickness. Test conditions and variables associated with such equipment and materials shall be agreed upon betw
36、een parties since variations in design and process have a strong influence on the test results and comparability of the properties of the test sample.4.2.1.1 Printability testerTo ensure repeatable operation, the printability tester shall provide motorized control of the ink transfer function. It is
37、 not practical to duplicate exactly a commercial production printing process in the laboratory. However, it is possible to duplicate results between two laboratories. The chosen laboratory printability tester must provide a consistent, uniform printed ink film at the required ink film thickness. To
38、achieve this control, the printing speed and the pressure or impression (for flexography) between the printing forme and printing substrate shall be adjustable and shall be constant and uniform during the printing process.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 2834-2:2015ISO 2834-2:2015(E)For gravure,
39、 the Shore hardness of the pressure roller as well as the use of an electrostatic printing aid shall be agreed upon and specified. For flexography, the anilox roller (see also 4.2.1.3) and the type of blade or doctoring device shall be agreed upon and specified.4.2.1.2 Printing formes4.2.1.2.1 Gravu
40、re printing formeThese may be produced by electromechanical engraving, laser engraving or etching. Printing formes can contain solid and tinted areas. The design of printing formes can either be of a standard layout with a designation of the supplier of the printability tester or special with respec
41、t to customer needs. Printing formes shall have a designation.It is not practical to duplicate commercial production printing in the laboratory, and therefore, it is not necessary for the lab printability tester to have the same gravure engraved cylinder as a commercial printing press. The ink trans
42、fer process of the lab printability tester shall produce a printed ink film with a thickness that is representative of the industry. This can be evaluated by the use of a reflection densitometer or colourimeter using aim values that are agreed upon between parties. It is in this way possible to dupl
43、icate results between two laboratories. Where different laboratories use the same or comparable laboratory testing equipment, the following parameters are important to specify and should be exchanged.Electromechanically engraved and etched formes, solid and tint areas, shall be specified by screen f
44、requency, expressed in inverse centimetres (cm1), screen angle, expressed in degrees, and cell volume, expressed in millilitres per metres squared (ml/m2) or both cross-diagonal of cells, expressed in micrometres (m); and depth, expressed in micrometres (m) or both diameter, expressed in micrometres
45、 (m); and depth, expressed in micrometres (m).For electromechanically engraved formes, the width of channel, expressed in micrometres (m) and the angle of the engraving stylus (in degrees) shall be specified additionally.Laser-engraved formes shall be specified by cell shape, diameter(s), depth, (di
46、ameter/depth ratio), bottom shape, type of laser used and cell volume for solid areas and diameter(s), depth and cell volume for each gradation step.NOTE 1 The cell volume can be calculated using shape and dimensions of cells or measured directly by applying definite volumes of liquids.NOTE 2 There
47、is no reliable relation between tone values and cell volumes or dimensions.NOTE 3 Gravure printing formes can be cylinders, sleeves or plates. The precise measurement of cell volumes of gravure printing formes is difficult. There are several possible methods, all having their drawbacks regarding acc
48、uracy and reproducibility. Therefore, it might be useful to obtain a sufficient number of printing formes of a single lot to be shared between parties to ensure comparability of test prints.NOTE 4 The typical thickness of ink films applied by the gravure process is 6 m 1 m.4.2.1.2.2 Flexographic pri
49、nting formeFlexographic printing formes shall be relief type formes. The design of printing formes can either be of a standard layout with a designation of the supplier of the printability tester or special with respect to customer needs. Printing formes shall have a designation.It is not practical to duplicate exactly commercial production printing in the laboratory, and therefore, it is not necessary for the lab printability tester to have the same relief plate as a commercial printing press. The ink transfer process of the
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