1、BS ISO28580:2009ICS 83.160.10NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPassenger car, truckand bus tyres Methods of measuringrolling resistance Single point testand correlation ofmeasurement resultsThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of t
2、he StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 July 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 58430 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 28580:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 28580:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted t
3、o TechnicalCommittee AUE/4, Tyres and wheels for motor vehicles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.C
4、ompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 28580:2009Reference numberISO 28580:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO28580First edition2009-07-01Passenger car, truck and bus tyres Methods of measuring rolling resistance Single point test and correlation
5、of measurement results Pneumatiques pour voitures particulires, camions et autobus Mthodes de mesure de la rsistance au roulement Essai condition de mesure unique et corrlation des rsultats de mesure BS ISO 28580:2009ISO 28580:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In a
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8、rinting. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless other
9、wise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright
10、 office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 28580:2009ISO 28580:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope1 2 Normative ref
11、erences1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Test methods .3 5 Test equipment 4 6 Test conditions 5 7 Test procedure.6 8 Data interpretation.9 9 Data analysis12 10 Measurement machines alignment and monitoring requirements 14 Annex A (normative) Test equipment tolerances17 Annex B (informative) Measurement
12、 methods of moment of inertia for drum and tyre assembly (deceleration method).20 Annex C (normative) Measuring rim width.24 Bibliography26 BS ISO 28580:2009ISO 28580:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
13、 national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Int
14、ernational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with t
15、he rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval
16、by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 28580 was prepared by Technical Committee I
17、SO/TC 31, Tyres, rims and valves. BS ISO 28580:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28580:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Passenger car, truck and bus tyres Methods of measuring rolling resistance Single point test and correlation of measurement results 1 Scope This International Standard specifies
18、methods for measuring rolling resistance, under controlled laboratory conditions, for new pneumatic tyres designed primarily for use on passenger cars, trucks and buses. Tyres intended for temporary use only are not included in this International Standard. This International Standard includes a meth
19、od for correlating measurement results to allow inter-laboratory comparisons. Measurement of tyres using this method enables comparisons to be made between the rolling resistance of new test tyres when they are free-rolling straight ahead, in a position perpendicular to the drum outer surface, and i
20、n steady-state conditions. In measuring tyre rolling resistance, it is necessary to measure small forces in the presence of much larger forces. It is, therefore, essential that equipment and instrumentation of appropriate accuracy be used. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents ar
21、e indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4000-1:2007, Passenger car tyres and rims Part 1: Tyres (metric series) ISO 4209-1
22、:2001, Truck and bus tyres and rims (metric series) Part 1: Tyres ISO 4223-1, Definitions of some terms used in the tyre industry Part 1: Pneumatic tyres ISO 8855, Road vehicles Vehicle dynamics and road-holding ability Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms
23、and definitions given in 4223-1 and the following apply. 3.1 rolling resistance Frloss of energy (or energy consumed) per unit of distance travelled NOTE The International System of Units (SI) unit conventionally used for the rolling resistance is the newton-metre per metre, which is equivalent to a
24、 drag force in newtons. BS ISO 28580:2009ISO 28580:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.2 rolling resistance coefficient Crratio of the rolling resistance to the load on the tyre NOTE The rolling resistance is expressed in newtons and the load is expressed in kilonewtons. The rolling resistance c
25、oefficient is dimensionless. 3.3 capped inflation process of inflating the tyre and allowing the inflation pressure to build up, as the tyre is warmed up while running 3.4 parasitic loss loss of energy (or energy consumed) per unit distance excluding internal tyre losses, attributable to aerodynamic
26、 loss of the different rotating elements of the test equipment, bearing friction and other sources of systematic loss which may be inherent in the measurement NOTE This International Standard describes which sources of loss are to be excluded from the result of the measurement. 3.5 skim test reading
27、 type of parasitic loss measurement in which the tyre is kept rolling, without slippage, while reducing the tyre load to a level at which energy loss within the tyre itself is virtually zero 3.6 inertia moment of inertia ratio of the torque applied to a rotating body to the rotational acceleration o
28、f this body NOTE 1 The rotating body can be, for example, a tyre assembly or machine drum. NOTE 2 See Annex B. 3.7 new test tyre tyre which has not previously been used in a rolling deflected test that raises its temperature above that generated in rolling resistance tests, and which has not previou
29、sly been exposed to a temperature above 40 C NOTE 1 In addition to the tests described in this International Standard, rolling resistance tests are also described in ISO 18164, SAE J1269 and SAE J2452. NOTE 2 It is permissible to repeat an accepted test procedure. 3.8 measurement result correlation
30、set of rolling resistance measurements to be carried out on a regular time basis by separate laboratories, in order to allow direct comparisons between their rolling resistance results NOTE The results of these measurements are used to compute “alignment” corrective coefficients and permit calculati
31、on of aligned rolling resistance measurement, Cr,aligned(see Clause 10). 3.9 reference machine machine considered as a reference for an alignment BS ISO 28580:2009ISO 28580:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 33.10 alignment tyres set of two predetermined tyres measured by both the candidate and re
32、ference machines to perform machine alignment NOTE See Clause 10. 3.11 laboratory control tyre tyre used by an individual laboratory to control machine behaviour as a function of time NOTE An example of machine behaviour is drift. 3.12 measurement reproducibility mcapability of a machine to measure
33、rolling resistance NOTE mcan be estimated by measuring n times (where n W 3) the whole procedure described in Clause 7 for the two alignment tyres, assuming that the variances of the two alignment tyres are homogeneous, as follows: 22mm,12ii=2m,11r, , r, ,1nnijjij ijCC= where i is either 1 or 2, cor
34、responding to each of the alignment tyres; j is the counter from 1 to n for the number of repetitions of each measurement for a given tyre; n is the number of repetitions of tyre measurements. 3.13 deviation of alignment tyre difference in terms of time compared with the mean rolling resistance coef
35、ficient measurement results for a given alignment tyre with the appropriate number of repetitions NOTE See 10.4. 4 Test methods The alternative measurement methods listed below are given in this International Standard. The choice of an individual method is left to the tester. For each method, the te
36、st measurements shall be converted to a force acting at the tyre/drum interface. The measured parameters are: a) in the force method: the reaction force measured or converted at the tyre spindle; NOTE 1 The measured value in the force method also includes the bearing and aerodynamic losses of the wh
37、eel and the tyre, which are also to be considered for further data interpretation. b) in the torque method: the torque input measured at the test drum; BS ISO 28580:2009ISO 28580:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reservedc) in the deceleration method: the measurement of deceleration of the test drum and
38、 tyre assembly; d) in the power method: the measurement of the power input to the test drum. NOTE 2 The measured value in the torque, deceleration and power methods also includes the bearing and aerodynamic losses of the wheel, the tyre and the drum, which are also to be considered for further data
39、interpretation. 5 Test equipment 5.1 Drum specifications 5.1.1 Diameter The test dynamometer shall have a cylindrical flywheel (drum) with a diameter of at least 1,7 m. The Frand Crvalues shall be expressed relative to a drum diameter of 2,0 m. If a drum diameter other than 2,0 m is used, a correlat
40、ion adjustment shall be made in accordance with 9.3. 5.1.2 Surface The surface of the drum shall be smooth steel. Alternatively, in order to improve skim test reading accuracy, a textured surface may also be used, which shall be kept clean. The Frand Crvalues shall be expressed relative to the “smoo
41、th” drum surface. If a textured drum surface is used, see Clause A.7. 5.1.3 Width The width of the drum test surface shall exceed the width of the test tyre contact patch. 5.2 Measuring rim The tyre shall be mounted on a steel or light alloy measuring rim, as follows: for passenger car tyres, the wi
42、dth of the rim shall be as defined in ISO 4000-1:2007, 6.2.2; for truck and bus tyres, the width of the rim shall be as defined in ISO 4209-1:2001, 5.1.3. No other rim width shall be allowed. See Annex C. 5.3 Load, alignment, control and instrumentation accuracies Measurement of these parameters sha
43、ll be sufficiently accurate and precise to provide the required test data. The specific and respective values are shown in Annex A. 5.4 Thermal environment 5.4.1 Reference conditions The reference ambient temperature, measured at a distance not less than 0,15 m and not more than 1 m from the tyre si
44、dewall, shall be 25 C. BS ISO 28580:2009ISO 28580:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 55.4.2 Alternative conditions If the test ambient temperature is different from the reference ambient temperature, the rolling resistance measurement shall be corrected to the reference ambient temperature in acco
45、rdance with 9.2. 5.4.3 Drum surface temperature Care should be taken to ensure that the temperature of the test drum surface is the same as the ambient temperature at the beginning of the test. 6 Test conditions 6.1 General The test consists of a measurement of rolling resistance in which the tyre i
46、s inflated and the inflation pressure is allowed to build up, i.e. “capped air”. 6.2 Test speeds The value shall be obtained at the appropriate drum speed specified in Table 1. Table 1 Test speeds Tyre type Passenger car Truck and bus Load index LI All LI u 121 LI 121 LI 121 Speed symbol All All Jaa
47、nd lower or tyres not marked with speed symbol Kband higher Test speed km/h 80 80 60 80 a100 km/h. b110 km/h. 6.3 Test load The standard test load shall be computed from the values shown in Table 2 and shall be kept within the tolerance specified in Annex A. 6.4 Test inflation pressure The inflation
48、 pressure shall be in accordance with that shown in Table 2 and shall be capped with the accuracy specified in Clause A.4. BS ISO 28580:2009ISO 28580:2009(E) 6 ISO 2009 All rights reservedTable 2 Test loads and inflation pressures Tyre type Passenger carStandard load Reinforced or extra load Truck a
49、nd bus Load % of maximum load capacity 80a80a85bInflation pressure kPa 210 250 Corresponding to maximum load capacity for single applicationcNOTE The inflation pressure is capped with the accuracy specified in Clause A.4. aFor those passenger car tyres belonging to categories not shown in ISO 4000-1:2007, Annex B, the inflation pressure shall be the inflation pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer, corresponding to the maximum tyre load capacity, reduced by 30 kPa.bAs a per
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