BS ISO 2954-2012 Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery Requirements for instruments for measuring vibration severity《旋转式和往复式机器的机械振动 对测量振动烈度仪器的要求》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 2954:2012Mechanical vibration ofrotating and reciprocatingmachinery Requirementsfor instruments for measuringvibration severityBS ISO 2954:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational fo

2、rewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 2954:2012. It supersedes BS 4675-2:1978 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GME/21/2, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring - Vibration and shock measuring instrumen

3、ts and testing equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 201

4、2. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 68293 3 ICS 17.160 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.Amendments issued since

5、 publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 2954:2012 ISO 2012Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery Requirements for instruments for measuring vibration severityVibrations mcaniques des machines tournantes ou alternatives Exigences relatives aux appareils de mesure de lintensit vibra

6、toireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO2954Second edition2012-04-01Reference numberISO 2954:2012(E)BS ISO 2954:2012ISO 2954:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in

7、any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749

8、09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 2954:2012 ISO 2954:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Measurement quantities 1 5 General requirements . 2 6 Requirements for the

9、vibration transducer and connecting cable 7 7 Requirements for the indicating unit . 8 8 Power requirements . 9 9 Instruction manual 9 Annex A (informative) Method for testing r.m.s.-voltage indicators . 10 Bibliography .13BS ISO 2954:2012ISO 2954:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization f

10、or Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has th

11、e right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Internati

12、onal Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication a

13、s an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO

14、 2954 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 2954:1975), which has been technically revis

15、ed.The main changes are: Filters defined as standardized third-order Butterworth filters. The standard now covers other frequency ranges than 10 Hz to 1 000 Hz.iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 2954:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2954:2012(E)Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating mac

16、hinery Requirements for instruments for measuring vibration severity1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies requirements which it is necessary for a measuring instrument for vibration severity of machines to meet if inaccuracies of measurement made on the casing of machines, particularly when m

17、aking repeated measurements for trend monitoring of a certain machine, are not to exceed a specific value.The instruments covered by this International Standard give direct indication or recording of root-mean-square (r.m.s.) vibration velocity that is defined as a measurement unit.NOTE 1 A method o

18、f checking true r.m.s. indication is described in Annex A. This method is mainly retained for instruments not based on modern analogue to digital conversion and numerical calculation of r.m.s., but can also be applied to instruments which are so based.NOTE 2 Subject to adaptation of the measurement

19、frequency range, these instruments can be used for other applications where similar accuracy of measurement is required, measurement of vibration velocity of structures, tunnels, bridges, etc. Optionally phase measurements may be included.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in

20、 part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and condi

21、tion monitoring VocabularyISO 10816-1:1995, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 1: General guidelinesISO 10816-6:1995, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 6: Reciprocating machines

22、 with power ratings above 100 kW3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 apply.4 Measurement quantitiesThe measurement quantities given in Table 1 are used to describe mechanical vibration of non-rotating parts.Integration and differentiat

23、ion among the measurement quantities is allowed both for broad band and discrete frequency component signals (see ISO 10816-1:1995, Annex A).The maximum measured vibration magnitude is called vibration severity. It can be given a severity grade (see e.g. ISO 10816-6:1995, Table 1).NOTE Formerly, vib

24、ration severity was normally only meant to be the maximum broad-band r.m.s. vibration velocity from 10 Hz to 1 000 Hz. This International Standard specifies the requirements for such a limited instrument, but also permits use of other frequency ranges.The instrument should preferably be capable of m

25、easuring the measurement quantities given in Table 1, but shall at least measure r.m.s. vibration velocity over the frequency range defined in 5.3. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 2954:2012ISO 2954:2012(E)If values at discrete frequencies are filtered from broad-band measurements, the band-pass

26、 filter shall have a suitable bandwidth. Phase relative to a shaft trigger reference or similar source may also be measured to give the vibration vector with its magnitude as amplitude or as r.m.s. value.The actual measurement quantity shall be displayed and/or output as an analogue voltage signal o

27、r as digital data. The instrument manufacturer shall give details of the interface(s), which should comply with common standards.Table 1 Measurement quantities for non-rotating partsMeasurement quantity UnitaBroad-band valuebAt discrete frequenciescDisplacementdm r.m.s. peak to peak amplitudeVibrati

28、on velocityemm/s r.m.s. peak amplitude Accelerationfm/s2r.m.s.gpeak amplitude aOther units like inches, in/s and gnare commonly used in some parts of the world and can be accepted, but the SI system should preferably be used.bOver a defined frequency range (see 5.3).cDirectly measured or filtered fr

29、om broad-band measurements with a band-pass filter. Phase may also be measured to give the vibration vector if a second channel and a reference signal are available.dEspecially for low-speed range.eAs a general measurement quantity.fEspecially for high-speed range and for rolling element bearings. S

30、ee ISO 10816-1:1995, Figure 6 or ISO 10816-6:1995, Annex C.gFor measurements on rolling element bearings, maximum magnitude is also common.5 General requirements5.1 A vibration measuring instrument usually consists of: a vibration transducer; an indicating unit; and a power supply system.5.2 The req

31、uirements specified in this clause apply to the general characteristics of the complete assembly of the transducer and the indicating unit. Clauses 6 and 7 contain the detailed requirements for each of these main units.5.3 The measurement frequency range of the vibration severity measuring instrumen

32、t shall be from 10 Hz to 1 000 Hz but can include other ranges. (In some parts of ISO 108162a lower cut-off frequency of 2 Hz or even less is used. The requirements to the frequency response can be found from the formulas in 5.4).5.4 The sensitivity within the measurement frequency range shall not d

33、eviate from the reference sensitivity at the reference frequency by more than the quantities given in Table 2 and shown graphically in Figures 1 and 2 for a reference frequency of 79,4 Hz.NOTE The reference frequency may also be 1 000 rad/s, i.e. approximately 160 Hz.The band-limiting element is a c

34、ombination of high- and low-pass third-order Butterworth filter characteristics. These components are defined as follows:a) high passHsQs Qs sh()=+111112213 (1)b) low pass2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 2954:2012ISO 2954:2012(E)HssQsQsl()=+ +1132 42223(2)The product Hh(s) Hl(s) represents the b

35、and-limiting transfer function.Table 2 Sensitivity relative to the reference sensitivity and limiting values of the permissible deviation within the frequency interval from 1 Hz to 10 000 Hz for an instrument with a nominal frequency range from 10 Hz to 1 000 HzFrequencyNominal sensitivityUpper tole

36、rance bandsLower tolerance bandsToleranceNominal valuesUpper tolerance bandsLower tolerance bandsHz dB dB dB dB1 -60,0 -40,0 -80,0 20 0,001 0,010 0 0,000 11,26 -54,0 -38,0 -70,0 16 0,002 0 0,012 6 0,000 31,58 -48,0 -36,0 -60,0 12 0,004 0 0,015 8 0,001 02,00 -42,0 -34,0 -50,0 8 0,007 9 0,020 0 0,003

37、22,51 -36,0 -32,0 -40,0 4 0,015 8 0,025 1 0,010 03,16 -30,0 -26,0 -34,0 4 0,031 6 0,050 1 0,019 93,98 -24,0 -20,0 -28,0 4 0,063 0,100 0,0405,01 -18,1 -16,1 -20,1 2 0,125 0,157 0,0996,31 -12,3 -10,3 -14,3 2 0,244 0,307 0,1947,94 -7,0 -5,0 -9,0 2 0,448 0,564 0,35610 -3,01 -1,01 -5,01 2 0,707 0,890 0,5

38、6212,6 -0,97 -0,14 -1,89+092083,0,894 0,984 0,80415,8 -0,27 0,56 -1,19+092083,0,970 1,067 0,87220,0 -0,07 0,76 -0,99+092083,0,992 1,092 0,89225,1 -0,02 0,81 -0,94+092083,0,998 1,098 0,89831,6 0,00 0,83 -0,92+092083,1,000 1,100 0,90039,8 0,00 0,83 -0,92+092083,1,000 1,100 0,90050,1 0,00 0,83 -0,92+09

39、2083,1,000 1,100 0,90063,1 0,00 0,83 -0,92+092083,1,000 1,100 0,90079,4 0,00 0,00 0,00+092083,1,000 1,000 1,000100 0,00 0,83 -0,92+092083,1,000 1,100 0,900NOTE 1 The frequencies used are the theoretical base-10 one-third octave frequencies as defined in IEC 61260.8The nominal frequencies found in IS

40、O 2661can also be used because the differences are very small.NOTE 2 The limits in the pass-band are maintained from ISO 2954:1975 to be 10 % limits, here expressed in decibels. The tolerances at the corner frequencies have been made to follow the theoretical curve for the filter rather than trying

41、to maintain the precise tolerances in ISO 2954:1975. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 2954:2012ISO 2954:2012(E)FrequencyNominal sensitivityUpper tolerance bandsLower tolerance bandsToleranceNominal valuesUpper tolerance bandsLower tolerance bandsHz dB dB dB dB126 0,00 0,83 -0,92+092083,1,000 1,1

42、00 0,900158 0,00 0,83 -0,92+092083,1,000 1,100 0,900200 0,00 0,83 -0,92+092083,1,000 1,100 0,900251 0,00 0,83 -0,92+092083,1,000 1,100 0,900316 0,00 0,83 -0,92+092083,1,000 1,100 0,900398 -0,02 0,81 -0,94+092083,0,998 1,098 0,898501 -0,07 0,76 -0,99+092083,0,992 1,092 0,892631 -0,27 0,56 -1,19+09208

43、3,0,970 1,067 0,872794 -0,97 -0,14 -1,89+092083,0,894 0,984 0,8041 000 -3,01 -1,01 -5,01 2 0,707 0,890 0,5621 259 -7,0 -5,0 -9,0 2 0,448 0,564 0,3561 585 -12,3 -10,3 -14,3 2 0,244 0,307 0,1941 995 -18,1 -16,1 -20,1 2 0,125 0,157 0,0992 512 -24,0 -20,0 -28,0 4 0,063 0,100 0,0403 162 -30,0 -26,0 -34,0

44、 4 0,031 6 0,050 1 0,019 93 981 -36,0 -32,0 -40,0 4 0,015 8 0,025 1 0,010 05 012 -42,0 -34,0 -50,0 8 0,007 9 0,020 0 0,003 26 310 -48,0 -36,0 -60,0 12 0,004 0 0,015 8 0,001 07 943 -54,0 -38,0 -70,0 16 0,002 0 0,012 6 0,000 310 000 -60,0 -40,0 -80,0 20 0,001 0,010 0 0,000 1NOTE 1 The frequencies used

45、 are the theoretical base-10 one-third octave frequencies as defined in IEC 61260.8The nominal frequencies found in ISO 2661can also be used because the differences are very small.NOTE 2 The limits in the pass-band are maintained from ISO 2954:1975 to be 10 % limits, here expressed in decibels. The

46、tolerances at the corner frequencies have been made to follow the theoretical curve for the filter rather than trying to maintain the precise tolerances in ISO 2954:1975.The most common interpretation of these equations is in the frequency domain, where they describe the modulus (magnitude) and phas

47、e of the band limitation as functions of the imaginary angular frequency:s = j2f = j (3)where is the angular frequency, in radians per second;f is the frequency, in hertz.Table 2 (continued)4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 2954:2012ISO 2954:2012(E)NOTE 1 Sometimes the symbol p is used instead of

48、 s.NOTE 2 It is possible to interpret s as the variable of the Laplace transform.The magnitudes of the filter responses are then given by: high passHhj()=+ ()1116(4) low passHlj()=+ ()1126(5) band passH j ()=+ ()+()11111626(6)See the penultimate paragraph and 5.3, where f1may be any suitable lower c

49、ut-off frequency and f2may be any suitable upper cut-off frequency.The parameters for the measurement frequency range 10 Hz to 1 000 Hz are:f1= 10 Hz Q1= Q3= 1/2f2= 1 000 Hz Q2= Q4= 1/2To minimize measurement errors caused by the interference due to vibrations with frequencies outside the measurement frequency range, the sensitivity shall decrease rapidly in a clearly defined manner at the l