BS ISO 29783-2-2015 Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary Prosthetic gait《假肢和矫形器 词汇 假肢步态》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 29783-2:2015Prosthetics and orthotics VocabularyPart 2: Prosthetic gaitBS ISO 29783-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 29783-2:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee C

2、H/168, Prosthetics and orthotics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institutio

3、n 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84460 7ICS 01.040.11; 11.040.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2015.Amendme

4、nts issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 29783-2:2015 ISO 2015Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary Part 2: Prosthetic gaitProthses et orthses Vocabulaire Partie 2: Marche avec prothseINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO29783-2First edition2015-02-01Reference numberISO 29783-2:2015(E)BS ISO 29783-2:

5、2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

6、 the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.org

7、Web www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)Contents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Description of prosthetic gait abnormalities General . 15 Trans-tibial amputation 25.1 Initial contact and loading respon

8、se (Weight acceptance) . 25.2 Mid-stance and terminal stance (Single support) 45.3 Pre-swing and swing 75.4 Gait cycle abnormalities 75.5 Walking aid(s) (specify type) . 86 Trans-femoral amputation. 86.1 Initial contact and loading response (Weight acceptance) . 86.2 Mid-stance and terminal stance (

9、Single support) 96.3 Pre-swing and swing . 106.4 Gait cycle abnormalities . 146.5 Walking aid(s) (specify type) 14 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bo

10、dies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizatio

11、ns, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further

12、 maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives)

13、.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introd

14、uction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to co

15、nformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 168, Prostheses and orthosesISO 29783 consists of the foll

16、owing parts, under the general title Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary: Part 1: Normal gait Part 2: Prosthetic gait Part 3: Pathological gaitiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)IntroductionNo internationally accepted vocabulary of terms is available to describe th

17、e gait patterns of persons who have had a unilateral lower limb amputation.As a consequence the members of the different professions and the clinic teams in different countries have developed and adopted their own terminology to meet their own needs.This part of ISO 29783 provides a terminology for

18、the description of the gait of persons who have had a unilateral lower limb amputation by identifying the departures from the normal pattern of gait which they exhibit. This is achieved by reference to the sub- phase of the gait cycle in which they occur and the nature of the abnormality.It will ena

19、ble practitioners to systematically describe the gait of the persons for whom they are providing prosthetic treatment and facilitate comparisons with the experience of other practitioners. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 29783-2:2015BS ISO 29783-2:2015Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary Part 2

20、: Prosthetic gait1 ScopeThis part of ISO 27983 specifies a vocabulary for the description of prosthetic gait.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the editi

21、on cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 29783-1, Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary Part 1: Normal gait3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 29783-1 and

22、 the following apply.3.1circumductionabnormal trajectory of the lower limb during swing phase comprising increased abduction of the hip commencing at toe off and returning to neutral at initial contact3.2hip hikingupwards movement of the pelvis during swing phase3.3vaultingplantarflexion of the cont

23、ralateral (non-prosthetic) ankle joint during mid-stance phase resulting in increased prosthetic foot clearance during swing phase3.4whipan abrupt, medial, or lateral motion of the foot commencing at toe off and returning to neutral by initial contact4 Description of prosthetic gait abnormalities Ge

24、neralThe gait abnormalities commonly exhibited by a person with a unilateral amputation are described by reference to the sub-phase of the normal gait cycle during which they occur and the nature of the abnormality.Abnormal joint angles which are in the same direction as normal are referred to as ei

25、ther increased when greater than normal or decreased when less than normal. Abnormal joint angles which are in the opposite direction to normal are specified. When appropriate, the magnitude of the abnormality which is considered to be significant is noted.Any abnormality in the timing of the gait p

26、attern is referred to as either premature when it occurs earlier than normal or delayed when it occurs later than normal.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 29783-2:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)Any abnormality in the speed of the gait pattern is referred to as e

27、ither faster than normal or slower than normalAbnormalities described include both those which are a consequence of the amputation procedure employed and those which may be a consequence of either the characteristics of the prosthetic components or the fitting procedures employed.Abnormalities descr

28、ibed refer to the prosthetic limb unless otherwise stated.For comparison, the gait abnormality (Figure 1 a to Figure 20 a) and the normal gait pattern at the same instant of the gait cycle (Figure 1 b to Figure 20 b) are illustrated when appropriate.5 Trans-tibial amputation5.1 Initial contact and l

29、oading response (Weight acceptance)5.1.1 Knee joint hyperextension at initial contactSee Figure 1 a.Figure 1 a Knee joint hyperextensionFigure 1 b Normal Initial contact5.1.2 Increased knee joint flexion at initial contact (5 )See Figure 2 a.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783

30、-2:2015(E)Figure 2 a Increased knee joint flexionFigure 2 b Normal Initial contact5.1.3 Increased hip joint flexion at initial contact (30 )See Figure 3 a.Figure 3 a Increased hip joint flexionFigure 3 b Normal Initial contact5.1.4 Delayed knee joint flexion during loading response ISO 2015 All righ

31、ts reserved 3BS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)5.1.5 Reduced knee joint flexion (0 )See Figure 9 a.Figure 9 a Reduced hip extension6 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)Figure 9 b Normal Late mid-stance5.2.6 Reduced hip joint extension during terminal stance (10 )Se

32、e Figure 10 a.Figure 10 a Reduced hip extensionFigure 10 b Normal Terminal stance5.2.7 Lateral trunk bending during single support5.3 Pre-swing and swing5.3.1 Reduced foot clearance at mid-swing5.3.2 Medial or lateral whip during swing5.4 Gait cycle abnormalities5.4.1 Unequal step length5.4.2 Unequa

33、l step timing ISO 2015 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)5.4.3 Narrow or wide walking base5.5 Walking aid(s) (specify type)5.5.1 Contralateral side5.5.2 Prosthetic side5.5.3 Both sides (e.g. walkers)6 Trans-femoral amputation6.1 Initial contact and loading response (Weight a

34、cceptance)6.1.1 Increased heel impact at initial contact6.1.2 Knee unit instability at initial contact6.1.3 Knee unit in full extension at initial contact (maintained throughout stance)See Figure 11 a.Figure 11 a Full knee unit extensionFigure 11 b Normal Mid-stance6.1.4 Premature and faster full fo

35、ot contact during loading response (foot slap)6.1.5 Premature hip joint extension during loading response6.1.6 Medial or lateral trunk bending during loading response6.1.7 Delayed ankle unit plantar flexion during loading response8 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)6.

36、1.8 External or internal foot rotation at initial contact and/or during loading response6.2 Mid-stance and terminal stance (Single support)6.2.1 Abducted hip joint during mid-stanceSee Figure 12 a.Figure 12 a Abducted hip jointFigure 12 b Normal Mid-stance6.2.2 Prosthetic adduction during single sup

37、portSee Figure 13 a.Figure 13 a Prosthetic adduction ISO 2015 All rights reserved 9BS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)Figure 13 b Normal Mid-stance6.2.3 Lateral or medial trunk bending during single support6.2.4 Increased lumbar lordosis during single supportSee Figure 14 a.Figure 14 a Increased

38、lumbar lordosisFigure 14 b Normal Mid-stance6.2.5 Externally or internally rotated foot during single support6.3 Pre-swing and swing6.3.1 Absent or reduced knee unit flexion (with consequent increased hip joint extension) during pre-swingSee Figure 15 a.10 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 29783-2:

39、2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)Figure 15 a Reduced knee unit flexionFigure 15 b Normal Pre-swing6.3.2 Delayed hip joint and knee unit flexion during pre-swing6.3.3 Premature upward movement and increased forward (transverse plane) rotation of the pelvis during pre-swing6.3.4 Increased knee unit flexion duri

40、ng initial swingSee Figure 16 a.Figure 16 a Increased knee unit flexionFigure 16 b Normal Initial swing ISO 2015 All rights reserved 11BS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)6.3.5 Plantar flexion of the contralateral ankle joint during swing (vaulting)6.3.6 Increased hip joint flexion during initial

41、and mid-swingSee Figure 17 a.Figure 17 a Increased hip joint flexionFigure 17 b Normal Initial swing6.3.7 Medial trunk bending with hip hiking during swingSee Figure 18 a.Figure 18 a Medial trunk bending with hip hikingFigure 18 b Normal Mid-swing12 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO

42、 29783-2:2015(E)6.3.8 Delayed knee unit extension during mid-swingSee Figure 19 a.Figure 19 a Delayed knee unit extensionFigure 19 b Normal Mid-swing6.3.9 Faster knee unit extension during terminal swing6.3.10 Terminal knee unit extension impact6.3.11 Medial or lateral foot whip during swing6.3.12 R

43、educed foot clearance during swing6.3.13 Hip hiking during swing6.3.14 Circumduction during swingSee Figure 20 a.Figure 20 a Circumduction ISO 2015 All rights reserved 13BS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E)Figure 20 b Normal Mid-swing6.4 Gait cycle abnormalities6.4.1 Unequal step length6.4.2 Unequ

44、al step timing6.4.3 Narrow or wide walking base6.5 Walking aid(s) (specify type)6.5.1 Contralateral side6.5.2 Prosthetic side14 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 29783-2:2015BS ISO 29783-2:2015ISO 29783-2:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reservedICS 11.040.40; 01.040.11Price based on 14 pagesThis page d

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