1、BS ISO 29783-3:2016Prosthetics and orthotics V o c a b u l a r yPart 3: Pathological gait (excludingprosthetic gait)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 29783-3:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
2、ISO 29783-3:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CH/168, Prosthetics and orthotics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of
3、a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 87620 2ICS 01.040.11; 11.040.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was publishe
4、d under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 29783-3:2016 ISO 2016Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary Part 3: Pathological gait (excluding prosthetic gait)Prothses et orthses Voca
5、bulaire Partie 3: Marche pathologiqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO29783-3First edition2016-06-15Reference numberISO 29783-3:2016(E)BS ISO 29783-3:2016ISO 29783-3:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise spe
6、cified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or
7、ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 29783-3:2016ISO 29783-3:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 T
8、erms and definitions . 14 Pathological gait 14.1 General . 14.2 Method of description . 14.2.1 Gait deviations . 14.2.2 Abnormal foot contact 24.2.3 Abnormalities of joint motion 2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 29783-3:2016ISO 29783-3:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organ
9、ization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establish
10、ed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
11、The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
12、 editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
13、 rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an
14、explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee
15、responsible for this document is ISO/TC 168, Prostheses and orthotics.ISO 29783 consists of the following parts, under the general title Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary: Part 1: Normal gait Part 2: Prosthetic gait Part 3: Pathological gait (excluding prosthetic gait)iv ISO 2016 All rights reser
16、vedBS ISO 29783-3:2016ISO 29783-3:2016(E)IntroductionNo internationally accepted vocabulary of terms is available to describe pathological gait.As a consequence, the members of the different professions and the clinic teams in different countries have developed and adopted their own terminology.It w
17、ill enable practitioners to systematically describe the gait of the persons for whom they are providing treatment and facilitate comparisons with the experience of other practitioners.The following definitions apply in understanding how to implement an ISO International Standard and other normative
18、ISO deliverables (TS, PAS, IWA): “shall” indicates a requirement; “should” indicates a recommendation; “may” is used to indicate that something is permitted; “can” is used to indicate that something is possible, for example, that an organization or individual is able to do something.In 3.3.1 of the
19、ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (sixth edition, 2011) defines a requirement as an “expression in the content of a document conveying criteria to be fulfilled if compliance with the document is to be claimed and from which no deviation is permitted”.In 3.3.2 of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (sixth editio
20、n, 2011) defines a recommendation as an “expression in the content of a document conveying that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred, but not necessarily required, or that (in
21、the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited.” ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 29783-3:2016BS ISO 29783-3:2016Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary Part 3: Pathological gait (excluding prosthetic gait)1 ScopeThis part of ISO 29783 specifies a meth
22、od of describing abnormal gait patterns resulting from pathology (excluding prosthetic gait) by identifying the deviations from the normal pattern of gait during each sub-phase of the gait cycle. The description of the deviations includes references to abnormal foot contact and abnormalities of join
23、t motion.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including a
24、ny amendments) applies.ISO 29783-1, Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary Part 1: Normal gait3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 29783-1 apply.4 Pathological gait4.1 GeneralStructural damage to the musculoskeletal system, and/or muscle weak
25、ness, and/or abnormal neuromuscular control can lead to an abnormal gait pattern. The abnormal motions of the lumbar spine, pelvis and lower limb segments can be a result of the pathology and/or be compensatory.NOTE Abnormal motions of the remainder of the trunk, head, neck and upper limbs during ga
26、it are not described in this part of ISO 29783.4.2 Method of description4.2.1 Gait deviationsAbnormal gait shall be described by stating the deviations from the normal gait pattern, for each of the undernoted sub-phases of the gait cycle: initial contact; loading response; mid-stance; terminal stanc
27、e; pre-swing;INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 29783-3:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 29783-3:2016ISO 29783-3:2016(E) initial swing; mid-swing; terminal swing.The normal gait pattern specified in ISO 29783-1 is the widely accepted pattern for the adult population. Persons applying this part o
28、f ISO 29783 shall decide what magnitude of deviation from the normal is significant and, therefore, requiring to be specified.4.2.2 Abnormal foot contactThe area of contact of the foot can be abnormal for parts or all of the stance phase of the gait cycle.Abnormal areas of foot contact can be latera
29、l side, medial side, forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot, total plantar surface, dorsum, and combinations of these.Specify the abnormal area of foot contact for each affected sub-phase of the stance phase.4.2.3 Abnormalities of joint motion4.2.3.1 Abnormal angular motionPathological conditions can result in
30、 abnormal angular motions of the joints. Abnormal angular motion of a joint can be described by specifying the joint angle at the end of each sub-phase of the gait cycle. An abnormal joint angle, which is in a normal plane and normal direction of motion, can be either increased or decreased. An abno
31、rmal joint angle, which is in a normal plane of motion, can be in the opposite direction to normal. An abnormal joint angle can be in an abnormal plane of motion.Specify for each sub-phase of the gait cycle any abnormal joint angles in the relevant planes of motion.If the angle of any joint is fixed
32、, this shall be specified at initial contact only.EXAMPLE 1 At initial contact in the sagittal plane, the normal knee joint angle is between 0 and 5 of flexion.Possible abnormal joint angles are the following: increased knee joint flexion (i.e. 5), e.g. knee flexion contracture; knee joint hyperexte
33、nsion, e.g. generalized ligament laxity; fixed knee joint flexion (e.g.15), e.g. severe osteoarthritis.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 29783-3:2016ISO 29783-3:2016(E)EXAMPLE 2 At the end of mid-stance, in the coronal plane, the normal knee joint angle is between 4 and 7 of abduction (valgus).Po
34、ssible abnormal joint angles are the following: increased knee joint abduction (i.e. 7), e.g. medial collateral ligament deficiency; decreased knee joint abduction (i.e. 4), e.g. generalized osteoarthritis; knee joint adduction (varus), e.g. medial compartment osteoarthritis.4.2.3.2 Abnormal timingP
35、athological conditions can result in abnormalities in the timing of the angular motion of joints. The abnormal timing of angular motion of a joint can be referred to as either “early” when it occurs earlier than normal or “delayed” when it occurs later than normal.Specify for each sub-phase of the g
36、ait cycle any abnormal timings of joint motion in the relevant planes of motion.EXAMPLE 1 At the end of mid-stance, in the sagittal plane, the heel normally remains in contact with the ground.A possible abnormality is early heel rise, e.g. contracture of the ankle plantarflexors.EXAMPLE 2 At the end
37、 of pre-swing, in the sagittal plane, the ankle joint is normally in 20 of plantar flexion.A possible abnormality is delayed plantar flexion, e.g. weakness of the ankle plantarflexors.4.2.3.3 Abnormal speedPathological conditions can result in abnormalities in the speed of the angular motion of join
38、ts.Any abnormality in the speed of angular motion can be referred to as either faster than normal or slower than normal.Specify for each sub-phase of the gait cycle any abnormal speed of the angular motion of joints in the relevant planes of motion.EXAMPLE 1 During loading response in the sagittal p
39、lane, the ankle joint normally plantar flexes at a controlled speed to achieve foot flat.A possible abnormality is faster uncontrolled ankle joint plantar flexion (foot slap), e.g. weakness of ankle dorsiflexors.EXAMPLE 2 During swing phase, the hip joint flexes and the knee joint extends at a contr
40、olled speed to achieve initial contact.A possible abnormality is faster uncontrolled knee joint extension, e.g. weakness of the knee extensors in polio. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 29783-3:2016ISO 29783-3:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reservedICS 01.040.11; 11.040.40Price based on 3 pagesThis
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