1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 30012:2016Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics Determination of the sizeand aspect ratio of crushedobjectsBS ISO 30012:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 30012:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrus
2、ted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics andprepregs.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its
3、 correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 69409 7ICS 59.100.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Str
4、ategy Committee on 29 February 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 30012:2016 ISO 2016Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics Determination of the size and aspect ratio of crushed objectsPlastiques renforcs de fibres de carbone Dtermination des dimensions e
5、t du rapport dapparence dobjets broysINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO30012First edition2016-02-01Reference numberISO 30012:2016(E)BS ISO 30012:2016ISO 30012:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified,
6、no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs mem
7、ber body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 30012:2016ISO 30012:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope .12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions .14 Sy
8、mbols 15 Principle 26 Apparatus .27 Sampling 28 Measurement .38.1 General . 38.2 Method A: Manual method (stereomicroscope) 38.3 Method B: Projection microscope 38.4 Method C: Automatic shape and size measurement apparatus 49 Calculation and expression of results .510 Precision .611 Test report .7 I
9、SO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 30012:2016ISO 30012:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
10、 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates cl
11、osely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria
12、 needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pat
13、ent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used
14、 in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barr
15、iers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites and reinforcement fibres.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 30012:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 30012:2016(E)Carbon-fi
16、bre-reinforced plastics Determination of the size and aspect ratio of crushed objects1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies test methods for measurement of the size and aspect ratio of crushed carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP), especially for recycling purpose. In this International Stan
17、dard the shape of crushed CFRP, the fragment, is treated as a rectangular shape, and the measurement of the long and short sides of the shape is described. It applies to fragments of the following average dimensions: length of the long side: 5 mm to 50 mm; width of the short side: 1 mm to 10 mm.This
18、 International Standard provides three measuring methods, two methods are manual methods using microscope and scale and the third method is an automatic method using a measuring apparatus.Crushed CFRP obtained from thermosetting or thermoplastic resin matrices are covered by this International Stand
19、ard.NOTE If the crushed CFRP contain a lot of small fragments and fine particle, it is intended to screen out by a sieve of 1 mm size before the measurement.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its a
20、pplication. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 472, Plastics Vocabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472
21、apply.4 SymbolsW width of a CFRP fragment represented by the short side of a rectangular shapeL length of a CFRP fragment represented by the long side of a rectangular shapeW average width of CFRP fragmentsL average length of CFRP fragmentsRAaspect ratio of CFRP fragments, calculated as the ratio of
22、 the length to the width of CFRP fragment()Lstandard deviation of length of CFRP fragments ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 30012:2016ISO 30012:2016(E)()Wstandard deviation of width of CFRP fragments5 PrincipleThe fragments obtained from crushing CFRP laminates are impartially sampled and measur
23、ed.Most fragments of CFRP have a shape that can be approximate to a rectangle. Each fragment is observed with an optical microscope or equivalent equipment and the width and length of the rectangle are measured.At least 100 fragments are measured. The size and aspect ratio of crushed CFRP fragments
24、are reported as average and standard deviation of W, L, and average of aspect ratio RA.6 Apparatus6.1 Stereomicroscope, comprised of a light source, scales and a stage which supports a glass plate carrying the fragment of CFRP. Magnification should be variable up to 10. Scales shall be readable to 0
25、,1 mm. (Method A).6.2 Projection microscope, comprised of a projector, light source, scales, and a stage which supports a slide carrying the fragment of CFRP. Magnification should be variable up to 10. Scales shall be readable to 0,1 mm. (Method B).NOTE A personal computer, connected to the projecti
26、on microscope and with a software for measuring the length and width of the fragments enables faster and easier measurements to be made (Method B).6.3 Automatic size and shape measurement apparatus, such as an image analyser with magnification for carrying out semi-automatic measurement of the lengt
27、h and width of the CFRP fragments. (Method C).6.4 Calibrated rule or scale, used to calibrate measurement scales on microscope and projection equipment.7 SamplingUnless otherwise specified, the following sampling procedure shall be followed.7.1 Crushed CFRP is sampled from a pile into a bag of 20 l
28、to 50 l volume.CAUTION Use caution when handling CFRP fragments. Handling them with unprotected hands can easily result in minor irritation/injury due to CFRP slivers. Protective gloves made of impervious material should be used.7.2 Take three samples from one bag. Avoid samples of outer locations o
29、f around 20 % of the total volume. Take three samples from inner locations impartially, e.g. upper, centre and lower locations.NOTE Distribution of size or shape of the CFRP fragments may not be identical among locations in the bag, due to sampling or transportation causes.7.3 Mix the three samples
30、impartially for the measurement. The total amount of the sample shall be at least 100 fragments to be measured.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 30012:2016ISO 30012:2016(E)8 Measurement8.1 GeneralThe shape of each fragment is approximated to a rectangle circumscribing the fragment as represented
31、in Figure 1. The shape of the rectangle is defined so as to minimize the value of W.NOTE Short fragments with length of 2 mm or shorter can be omitted from the following measurements. Total amount of the non-measured fragments can be counted and recorded in percentage.KeyL length of the fragmentW wi
32、dth of the fragmentFigure 1 Length and width of the fragment of CFRP8.2 Method A: Manual method (stereomicroscope)8.2.1 Each fragment is arranged on the plate on the stereomicroscope. The magnification of the microscope is adjusted appropriately to the average size of the fragments.Figure 2 a) and F
33、igure 2 b) are examples of unidirectional fibre type (UD) CFRP and fabric type CFRP on the plate of microscope, respectively.8.2.2 Calibrate the measurement scale with a calibrated ruler or scale8.2.3 The fragment is aligned with the long side parallel to one of the scales.8.2.4 The length of the lo
34、ng side of the fragment is measured as length L and the short side as width W. Measure the length and width to 0,1 mm.8.2.5 Repeat the measurement for at least 100 fragments.8.3 Method B: Projection microscope8.3.1 Arrange an adequate number of fragments on the plate. Distribute fragments in order t
35、o avoid any contact or overlapping between them.8.3.2 Set the glass plate on the stage of the microscope connected to the personal computer. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 30012:2016ISO 30012:2016(E)8.3.3 Calibrate the personal computer measurements using a calibrated ruler.8.3.4 The magnifica
36、tion of the microscope is adjusted appropriately to the average size of the fragments.8.3.5 The observed fragments are projected on the monitor. Measure the length L and the width W of the fragment to 0,1 mm.8.3.6 Repeat the measurement for at least 100 fragments.a) Examples of crushed UD type CFRPb
37、) Example of crushed fabric type CFRPFigure 2 Examples of crushed CFRP fragments on the plate of the microscope8.4 Method C: Automatic shape and size measurement apparatus8.4.1 Arrange an adequate number of fragments on the stage of the apparatus. Distribute fragments in order to avoid any contact o
38、r overlapping between them.8.4.2 The observed fragments are projected on the monitor.8.4.3 All CFRP fragments are approximated as a rectangular shape by the construction lines shown in Figure 3. The length L and width W of each fragment is measured to 0,1 mm, and recorded automatically.8.4.4 Repeat
39、the measurement for at least 100 fragments.4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 30012:2016ISO 30012:2016(E)Figure 3 Example of crushed CFRP fragments, approximated as rectangular shapes (shown by the lines) for method C9 Calculation and expression of results9.1 The average length, L, and the average
40、 width, W , of fragments are calculated using Formula (1) and Formula (2), respectively:LLNn=(n = 1 to N) (1)WWNn=(n = 1 to N) (2)whereLis the average length of fragments;Wis the average width of fragments;n is the measurement number;N is the total number of fragments assessed;Lnis the measurement l
41、ength of the n-th fragment;Wnis the measurement width of the n-th fragment.NOTE Log or Log natural of L or W can be used instead of the measured data.9.2 The standard deviation (L) and (W) of length L and width W of fragments are calculated using Formula (3) and Formula (4), respectively: ISO 2016 A
42、ll rights reserved 5BS ISO 30012:2016ISO 30012:2016(E)()LLLNn=()1212(n = 1 to N) (3)()WWWNn=()2121(n = 1 to N) (4)where()Lis the standard deviation of length L;()Wis the standard deviation of width W.NOTE Log or Log natural of L or W can be used instead of the measured data.9.3 The aspect ratio RAof
43、 each fragment and the average of the RAnare calculated using Formula (5) and Formula (6), respectively:RLWAnnn= (5)RRAAn=N(n = 1 to N) (6)whereRAnis the aspect ratio of the n-th fragment;RAis the mean aspect ratio of fragments.10 PrecisionThe precision of the test methods is not known because inter
44、laboratory data are not available. When interlaboratory studies are conducted, a precision statement will be added at the following revision.Table 1 gives the repeatability data from tests conducted at one laboratory with three materials. Four samples were sampled from a pile of each crushed CFRP, r
45、espectively. Each test result was the average of 100 individual measurements by method B.Table 1 Average and repeatability Method BMaterial Parameter Unit Average srrUD TYPE CFRPL mm 7, 8 0,47 1,31W mm 1,4 0,07 0,19RA- 7,4 0,66 1,83sris the inter-sample standard deviation from the mean.r is the inte
46、r-sample repeatability limit (= 2,8 sr;95 % confidence limits).6 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 30012:2016ISO 30012:2016(E)Material Parameter Unit Average srrFABRIC TYPE CFRPL mm 5,8 0,40 1,12W mm 3,1 0,11 0,32RA- 2,1 0,07 0,18MIXTURECFRPL mm 6,0 0,99 2,76W mm 1,9 0,33 0,94RA- 4,9 0,34 0,95sris
47、the inter-sample standard deviation from the mean.r is the inter-sample repeatability limit (= 2,8 sr;95 % confidence limits).Table 2 provides the results of a comparison study of the three test methods at one laboratory with three materials. One sample was sampled from a pile of each crushed CFRP.
48、Each test was conducted with the same 100 fragments. Each result was the average of 100 individual measurements by method A, B and C.Table 2 Average and comparison of the three test methodsMaterial Parame-terUnit Average Mean smCVMethod A Method B Method CUD TYPE CFRP-1L mm 15,0 15,2 14,3 14,8 0,46
49、3,1 %W mm 2,6 2,7 2,6 2,6 0,05 1,8 %RA- 7,9 8,3 7, 5 7,9 0,40 5,0 %UD TYPE CFRP-2L mm 12,2 12,3 12,0 12,2 0,16 1,3 %W mm 5,8 5,8 5,8 5,8 0,03 0,5 %RA- 2,7 2,7 2,5 2,6 0,11 4,4 %FABRIC TYPE CFRPL mm 6,8 6,6 7,0 6,8 0,21 3,1 %W mm 4,1 4,0 4,4 4,2 0,18 4,3 %RA- 1,7 1,8 1,7 1,8 0,03 1,9 %smis the inter-test method standard deviation from the mean.CV is the coefficient of variation.11 Test reportThe test report shall include the following information:a) a reference to this Inte
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