1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Description and useICS 37.080Micrographics ISO resolution test chart No. 2 BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 3
2、334:2006BS ISO 3334:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3 February 2006 BSI 3 February 2006ISBN 0 580 47771 1Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be
3、found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are re
4、sponsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.Th
5、e BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. present to the responsible international/European
6、committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 3334:2006 and implements it as the UK national
7、standard. It supersedes BS 4657:1990 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee IDT/1, Document imaging applications, to Subcommittee IDT/1/1, Quality, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;Reference numberISO 3334:
8、2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO3334Third edition2006-01-01Micrographics ISO resolution test chart No. 2 Description and use Micrographie Mire de rsolution ISO no. 2 Description et utilisationBS ISO 3334:2006ii iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide fede
9、ration of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that commi
10、ttee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordan
11、ce with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires
12、approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3334 was prepared by Technical Com
13、mittee ISO/TC 171, Document management applications, Subcommittee SC 1, Quality. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3334:1989), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 3334:2006iv Introduction Micrographic systems vary in their ability to record fine detail such as al
14、phanumeric characters or closely spaced lines. The method specified in this International Standard involves the measurement of the ability of a given objective, photosensitive material and processing combination to reproduce the image in fine detail and therefore to be able to be applied to define a
15、nd control this aspect of image quality. Since microrecording systems can be operated close to limits of legibility, resolution testing provides a safeguard against loss of information, although other factors also contribute to the overall quality of the micro-image. ISO 3334 describes a method of t
16、esting resolution that employs the ISO resolution test chart No. 2, in which the test patterns and their arrangement are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Attention should be taken when referencing this International Standard in other standards. Some countries do not use this International Standard or they
17、use alternative standards (such as ISO 446). BS ISO 3334:20061Micrographics ISO resolution test chart No. 2 Description and use 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method of determining resolution by measuring the minimum size of detail recognizable in a processed microform. It describes
18、 the test patterns and ISO resolution test chart No. 2, and gives the method of expressing resolving power. ISO resolution test chart No. 2 is designed for use as part of a test target, as required in other International Standards for micrographics. This International Standard applies to the determi
19、nation of the resolving power of a camera, film and processing combination used in a microfilming system or the resolution achieved in microforms therefrom. In this form it does not apply to the determination of the resolving power of microform readers, reader-printers or computer output microform (
20、COM) imaging systems. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO
21、3:1973, Preferred numbers Series of preferred numbers ISO 5-1, Photography Density measurements Part 1: Terms, symbols and notations ISO 5-2 Photography Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density ISO 5-3, Photography Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions IS
22、O 5-4:1995, Photography Density measurements Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection density ISO 2471, Paper and board Determination of opacity (paper backing) Diffuse reflectance method ISO 6196-1, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 1: General terms ISO 6196-2, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 2: Image
23、 positions and methods of recording ISO 6196-3, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 3: Film processing ISO 6196-4, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 4: Materials and packaging ISO 6196-5, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 5: Quality of images, legibility, inspection ISO 6196-6, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 6: Eq
24、uipment BS ISO 3334:20062 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6196, parts 1 to 6, apply. 4 ISO No. 2 test chart 4.1 Base 4.1.1 General The test chart shall be made on either an opaque or a transparent base. 4.1.2 Opaque base The test char
25、t shall be made on a white opaque base with a glossy surface. Its visual diffuse reflection density, measured in accordance with ISO 5-3 and ISO 5-4, shall be not more than 0,08. Its opacity, measured as specified in ISO 2471, shall be greater than 85 %. This test chart shall be positive-appearing.
26、4.1.3 Transparent base The test chart shall be made on a non-coloured transparent base having a maximum visual diffuse transmission density of 0,08, measured in accordance with ISO 5-2 and ISO 5-3. This test chart may be positive-appearing or negative-appearing. 4.2 ISO No. 2 test pattern The test p
27、attern shall consist of a numbered group of two sets of five parallel lines at right angles as shown in Figure 1. The lines and spaces between them shall be of equal width. The dimensions of lines, expressed in millimetres, shall be as shown in Figure 1 where s is the frequency in line pairs/mm. The
28、 width of any four line pairs in a pattern shall be 3 % of the nominal width. The ratio of line length to line width shall be 24,0 1,2. The ratio of line width to space width shall be 1,00 0,05 for 1 to 10 line pairs/mm and 1,0 0,1 for 11 to 18 line pairs/mm. Dimensions shall be measured using a pre
29、cision microscope equipped with a micrometer, an optical comparator or a computer-controlled co-ordinate measuring machine, calibrated and capable of measuring to 1 m or smaller, after conditioning at 23 C 2 C and relative humidity 50 % 5 % for at least 1 h. On an opaque chart the visual reflection
30、density of the lines shall be not less than 1,60 and of the spaces not more than 0,02 greater than that of the base. On a transparent chart the minimum difference in visual diffuse transmission density between the base and lines shall be 3,0. A level of quality for the appearance of the lines and sp
31、aces is discussed in Annex A. BS ISO 3334:20063Figure 1 ISO No. 2 test pattern 4.3 Spatial frequency of test patterns The range of test patterns used in the test chart shall be as shown in Figure 2. The sequence of steps, starting at 1.0, is in accordance with the R 20 series of preferred numbers gi
32、ven in ISO 3, with a first rounding, except for the 1.25 and 12.5 patterns. NOTE Rounding of these numbers would have varied the spatial frequency sequence by too large a percentage. This gives an average increment of 12,2 % per step . 4.4 Method of numbering test patterns The number that designates
33、 a test pattern shall be its spatial frequency expressed in line pairs per millimetre. EXAMPLE: In the pattern designated 2.0, each line is 0,25 mm wide so that a line pair of one line and one space is 0,5 mm wide, therefore the patterns spatial frequency is 2 line pairs/mm. 4.5 Test pattern number
34、The number of each test pattern shall be placed within the top right-hand quarter of the rectangle formed by the pattern. The size of the number shall be as shown in Figure 1. The typeface used shall be sanserif typeface suitable for photographic reproduction. BS ISO 3334:20064 4.6 Arrangement of te
35、st patterns The test patterns shall be arranged on the test chart in order of increasing spatial frequency as shown in Figure 2. 4.7 Test chart title and source The words “ISO resolution test chart No. 2” and the certifying agent1)or the source of issue shall appear on the test chart below the test
36、patterns. NOTE This illustration is not suitable for testing. Figure 2 Enlarged sample layout of the arrangement of test patterns in the test chart 1) Currently, test charts certified to conform to this International Standard can be obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, O
37、ffice of Standard Reference Materials, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. BS ISO 3334:200655 Procedure for using the test chart 5.1 Purpose of the test This test is designed to establish the optimum resolution of a film, camera and processing system. It is not intended to be used under routine production
38、systems. Any use of this procedure outside the conditions specified within this document may yield only indicative results. 5.2 Test target Position the test chart within the filming area of the camera, together with a 50 % reflectance neutral density patch that will result in an image at least 2 mm
39、 in diameter on the film. 5.3 Exposure Perform an exposure series extending through the exposure level above that normally used for production documents. 5.4 Processing Process the film under standard on target processing conditions. 6 Procedure for reading images of test charts 6.1 Selection of fra
40、me Select an exposed and processed frame produced in accordance with Clause 5, in which the 50 % reflectance patch has a visual diffuse density of 1,0 to 1,2 when measured in accordance with ISO 5-1 and 5-2. 6.2 Use of microscope Use a microscope having a good quality achromatic objective. Its magni
41、fication shall be between 1/3 and 1 the expected systems resolving power when the microform is examined; e.g. to view an image produced by a system with a resolving power of 150 line pairs/mm, the magnification shall be between 50 and 150. 6.3 Examination of test pattern Examine the test patterns on
42、 the test chart using the microscope, and note the smallest pattern that can be resolved, that is the pattern in which all five individual lines can be distinguished in both directions. 6.4 Spurious resolution Spurious resolution can result from a number of system problems such as an out of focus ca
43、mera. It shows as only four line pairs being resolved in a test pattern. Only the last pattern resolved as five line pairs in both directions, before the defect occurs, even if a pattern or patterns smaller than the defective pattern appear resolved, shall be reported as the system resolution. 6.5 L
44、ines in one direction unresolved If the lines in one direction appear resolved while those at right angles do not, it is possible that the eyesight of the examiner is astigmatic. To check for this possibility, the pattern is viewed at 90 to the original direction. If the same set of lines remains un
45、resolved, the fault lies in the film sample or in the camera and not in the examiner. BS ISO 3334:20066 6.6 Expression of resolving power To express the resolving power of the camera, film and development combination in line pairs per millimetre, multiply the number of the smallest pattern resolved
46、by the inverse of the reduction ratio at which the target was filmed; e.g. if the smallest pattern resolved is numbered 5.0 and the reduction ratio is 1/24 the resolving power is 120 line pairs/mm. Figure 3 Example reproduction of photomicrograph of test patterns on a typical microform BS ISO 3334:2
47、0067Annex A (informative) Defects affecting quality During manufacture of the test chart, defects can occur in the images of the lines and spaces. The size of the defect relative to the width of the line or space will determine the degree to which the defect will influence the measurement of the res
48、olving power of a microfilming system. The following description of defects is suggested as guidelines for the rejection of test charts. a) Corners not square and edges broken or uneven with the remainder of the line and space. b) Holes or marks in the line or space area which are larger than one-ha
49、lf of the width of a line or space. c) Breaks, cuts or marks that are completely through or over one-half the width of the line or space. d) Cuts or marks along the edges or in the line or space with length greater than one-fourth the length of the line or space. The main causes of rejection in the test charts are shown in Figure A.1. Notation of printing flaws are for both vertical and horizontal line space patterns. Key 1 line 2 space Figure A.1 Examples
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