BS ISO 3534-2-2006 Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Applied statistics《统计学 词汇和符号 应用统计学》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3534-2:2006 Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied statistics ICS 01.040.03; 03.120.30 BS ISO 3534-2:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 49559 0 National

2、 foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 3534-2:2006. It supersedes BS ISO 3534-2:1993 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SS/1, Statistical terminology and symbols. A list of organizations r

3、epresented on SS/1 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments iss

4、ued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number Numro de rfrence ISO 3534-2:2006(E/F)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 3534-2 Second edition Deuxime dition 2006-09-15 Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied statistics Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles Partie 2

5、: Statistique applique BS ISO 3534-2:2006ii iii Contents Page Foreword. v Scope 1 1 Data generation and collection . 2 1.1 Systems of reference values for characteristics. 2 1.2 Sources of data . 5 1.3 Types of sampling. 12 2 Statistical process management. 18 2.1 General process related concepts. 1

6、8 2.2 Variation-related concepts 20 2.3 Control-related charts 23 2.4 Control chart components. 29 2.5 Fundamental terms related to process performance and process capability . 33 2.6 Process performance measured data 39 2.7 Process capability measured data . 43 3 Specifications, values and test res

7、ults 48 3.1 Specification-related concepts. 48 3.2 Determination of characteristics and quantities. 51 3.3 Properties of test and measurement methods 54 3.4 Properties of test and measurement results . 59 3.5 Capability of detection . 61 4 Inspection and general acceptance sampling 64 4.1 Types of i

8、nspection 64 4.2 Types of acceptance sampling inspection 67 4.3 Acceptance sampling inspection system aspects 70 4.4 Acceptance criteria 72 4.5 Types of operating characteristic curves 75 4.6 Terms relating to operating characteristics 76 4.7 Outgoing quality concepts and average inspection effort.

9、80 5 Sampling of bulk materials 82 5.1 Concepts related to bulk materials. 82 5.2 Bulk sampling aspects. 83 5.3 Bulk sample preparation 86 5.4 Procedural aspects 88 Annex A (normative) Symbols and abbreviated terms 90 Annex B (informative) Methodology used to develop the vocabulary 93 Bibliography .

10、 116 Symbols list 118 Alphabetical index . 119 French alphabetical index (Index alphabtique). 122 BS ISO 3534-2:2006iv Sommaire Page Avant-propos.vi Domaine dapplication .1 1 Gnration et recueil de donnes .2 1.1 Systmes de valeurs de rfrence pour les caractristiques2 1.2 Sources de donnes.5 1.3 Type

11、s dchantillonnage12 2 Gestion statistique du processus .18 2.1 Concepts gnraux relatifs au processus .18 2.2 Concepts relatifs la variation20 2.3 Cartes de contrle 23 2.4 Composantes dune carte de contrle29 2.5 Termes fondamentaux relatifs la performance et laptitude du processus33 2.6 Performance d

12、u processus donnes mesures .39 2.7 Aptitude du processus donnes mesures .43 3 Spcifications, valeurs et rsultats dessai48 3.1 Concepts relatifs la spcification.48 3.2 Dtermination des caractristiques et des grandeurs51 3.3 Caractristiques des mthodes dessai et de mesure54 3.4 Caractristiques des rsu

13、ltats dessai et de mesure 59 3.5 Aptitude de dtection .61 4 Contrle et chantillonnage pour acceptation .64 4.1 Types de contrle.64 4.2 Type de contrle par chantillonnage pour acceptation67 4.3 Systme de contrle par chantillonnage pour acceptation .70 4.4 Critres dacceptation72 4.5 Types de courbes d

14、efficacit75 4.6 Termes relatifs lefficacit.76 4.7 Concepts relatifs la qualit aprs contrle et quantit moyenne contrle80 5 chantillonnage des matriaux en vrac .82 5.1 Concepts relatifs aux matriaux en vrac82 5.2 Aspects de lchantillonnage en vrac.83 5.3 Prparation de lchantillon en vrac .86 5.4 Aspec

15、ts procduraux.88 Annexe A (normative) Symboles et abrviations90 Annexe B (informative) Mthodologie utilise pour laborer le vocabulaire .93 Bibliographie 116 Liste des symboles 118 Index alphabtique anglais (Alphabetical index) 119 Index alphabtique.122 BS ISO 3534-2:2006 v Foreword ISO (the Internat

16、ional Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has bee

17、n established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical stand

18、ardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for

19、 voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all

20、 such patent rights. ISO 3534-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods, Subcommittee SC 1, Terminology and symbols. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3534-2:1993), which has been technically revised. ISO 3534 consists of the f

21、ollowing parts, under the general title Statistics Vocabulary and symbols: Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability Part 2: Applied statistics Part 3: Design of experiments BS ISO 3534-2:2006vi Avant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fdration m

22、ondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comits membres de lISO). Llaboration des Normes internationales est en gnral confie aux comits techniques de lISO. Chaque comit membre intress par une tude a le droit de faire partie du comit technique cr cet effet. Les organisations internationales, g

23、ouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO participent galement aux travaux. LISO collabore troitement avec la Commission lectrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation lectrotechnique. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes d

24、ans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2. La tche principale des comits techniques est dlaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par les comits techniques sont soumis aux comits membres pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert lapprobation

25、 de 75 % au moins des comits membres votants. Lattention est appele sur le fait que certains des lments du prsent document peuvent faire lobjet de droits de proprit intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. LISO ne saurait tre tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifi de tels droits de proprit et

26、 averti de leur existence. LISO 3534-2 a t labore par le comit technique ISO/TC 69, Application des mthodes statistiques, sous-comit SC 1, Terminologie et symboles. Cette deuxime dition annule et remplace la premire dition (ISO 3534-2:1993), qui a fait lobjet dune rvision technique. LISO 3534 compre

27、nd les parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titre gnral Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles: Partie 1: Termes statistiques gnraux et termes utiliss en calcul des probabilits Partie 2: Statistique applique Partie 3: Plans dexprience BS ISO 3534-2:2006 1 Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applie

28、d statistics Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles Partie 2: Statistique applique Scope Domaine dapplication This part of ISO 3534 defines applied statistics terms, and expresses them in a conceptual framework in accordance with ISO normative terminology practice. Term entries are arranged thematicall

29、y. An alphabetical index is provided. Standardized symbols and abbreviations are defined. It has been recognized that the acceptance of applied statistics as a means to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of organizations has been hampered by the complexity and confusion introduced by conflic

30、ting designation and usage of terms, definitions, abbreviations and symbols. The two principal purposes of this part of ISO 3534 are, specifically, to establish a common vocabulary for use throughout ISO/TC 69 standards, together with the broader intent to enhance the preciseness, clarity and cohesi

31、veness in the usage/application of applied statistics generally. The mathematical level has deliberately been kept to a low level in order for the content to be made readily comprehensible to the widest possible readership. ISO 3534-1 and ISO 3534-2 are intended to be compatible. However, ISO 3534-1

32、, on terms used in probability and statistics, is foundational; so, by necessity, it is presented at a more sophisticated mathematical level than ISO 3534-2. As users of this part of ISO 3534 on applied statistics may occasionally consult ISO 3534-1 for certain terms, copious notes and examples in I

33、SO 3534-1 follow selected terms providing colloquial explanations of formal terms. La prsente partie de lISO 3534 dfinit les termes relatifs la statistique applique et les prsente dans un cadre conceptuel conforme la pratique normative en terminologie de lISO. Les entres terminologiques sont dispose

34、s de faon thmatique. Un index alphabtique est fourni. Les symboles et abrviations normaliss sont dfinis. Il est reconnu que lacceptation des statistiques appliques comme un moyen damliorer lefficacit et lefficience des organismes est entrave par la complexit et la confusion engendre par les erreurs

35、de dsignation et dutilisation des termes, dfinitions, abrviations et symboles. Les deux principaux objectifs de la prsente partie de lISO 3534 sont, plus particulirement, dtablir un vocabulaire commun lensemble des normes de lISO/TC 69, ainsi que, plus largement, damliorer la prcision, la clart et l

36、a cohrence de lutilisation/lapplication gnrale des statistiques appliques. Le niveau mathmatique est dlibrment dun niveau faible afin que le contenu soit comprhensible par la plus grande majorit des lecteurs. LISO 3534-1 et lISO 3534-2 sont destines tre compatibles. Nanmoins, lISO 3534-1, qui traite

37、 des termes utiliss dans le domaine des probabilits et des statistiques, est fondamentale et se prsente de ce fait un niveau mathmatique plus sophistiqu que lISO 3534-2. Les utilisateurs de la prsente partie de lISO 3534 relative la statistique applique pouvant avoir consulter lISO 3534-1 pour certa

38、ins termes, les nombreux exemples et notes qui suivent des termes slectionns de la partie 1 fournissent des explications plus familires aux dfinitions formelles. BS ISO 3534-2:20062 1 Data generation and collection 1 Gnration et recueil de donnes 1.1 Systems of reference values for characteristics 1

39、.1 Systmes de valeurs de rfrence pour les caractristiques 1.1.1 characteristic distinguishing feature NOTE 1 A characteristic can be inherent or assigned. NOTE 2 A characteristic can be qualitative or quantitative. NOTE 3 There are various classes of characteristics, such as the following: physical

40、(e.g. mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological); sensory (e.g. relating to smell, touch, taste, sight, hearing); behavioural (e.g. courtesy, honesty, veracity); temporal (e.g. punctuality, reliability, availability); ergonomic (e.g. physiological characteristic or related to human safety); funct

41、ional (e.g. maximum speed of an aircraft). ISO 9000:2005, 3.5.1 1.1.1 caractristique trait distinctif NOTE 1 Une caractristique peut tre intrinsque ou assigne. NOTE 2 Une caractristique peut tre qualitative ou quantitative. NOTE 3 Il existe diffrents types de caractristiques, telles que: physiques (

42、par exemple mcaniques, lectriques, chimiques, biologiques); sensorielles (par exemple odeur, toucher, got, aspect visuel, sonorit); comportementales (par exemple courtoisie, honntet, vracit); temporelles (par exemple ponctualit, fiabilit, disponibilit); ergonomiques (par exemple caractristique physi

43、ologique ou relative la scurit des personnes); fonctionnelles (par exemple vitesse maximale dun avion). ISO 9000:2005, 3.5.1 1.1.2 quality characteristic inherent characteristic (1.1.1) of a product (1.2.32), process (2.1.1) or system related to a requirement NOTE 1 Inherent means existing in someth

44、ing, especially as a permanent characteristic. NOTE 2 A characteristic assigned to a product, process or system (e.g. the price of a product, the owner of a product) is not a quality characteristic of that product, process or system. ISO 9000:2005, 3.5.2 1.1.2 caractristique qualit caractristique qu

45、alitative caractristique (1.1.1) intrinsque dun produit (1.2.32), dun processus (2.1.1) ou dun systme relative une exigence NOTE 1 Intrinsque signifie prsent dans quelque chose, notamment en tant que caractristique permanente. NOTE 2 Une caractristique rattache un produit, un processus ou un systme

46、(par exemple le prix dun produit, le propritaire dun produit) nest pas une caractristique qualit de ce produit, processus ou systme. ISO 9000:2005, 3.5.2 BS ISO 3534-2:2006 3 1.1.3 scale system of reference values for a characteristic (1.1.1) NOTE 1 The term “value” is used in a broad sense to inclu

47、de qualitative information. NOTE 2 In a qualitative sense, a scale can consist of a set of symbols between which a more or less differentiated relationship is defined. 1.1.3 chelle systme de valeurs de rfrence pour une caractristique (1.1.1) NOTE 1 Le terme valeur est utilis au sens large et compren

48、d des informations qualitatives. NOTE 2 Au sens qualitatif, une chelle peut tre un ensemble de symboles entre lesquels une relation plus ou moins diffrencie est dfinie. 1.1.4 continuous scale scale (1.1.3) with a continuum of possible values EXAMPLES Interval scale (1.1.8) and ratio scale (1.1.9). NOTE 1 A continuous scale can be transformed into a di