BS ISO 37100-2016 Sustainable cities and communities Vocabulary《可持续城市和社区 词汇》.pdf

1、BS ISO 37100:2016Sustainable cities andcommunities VocabularyBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 37100:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 37100:2016.The UK participation in its preparation wa

2、s entrusted to Technical Committee SDS/2, Smart and sustainable cities and communities.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for

3、its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 95389 7 ICS 13.020.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy

4、 and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 37100:2016 ISO 2016Sustainable cities and communities VocabularyAmnagement durable des villes et des collectivits VocabulaireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO37100First edition2016-12

5、-15Reference numberISO 37100:2016(E)BS ISO 37100:2016ISO 37100:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by a

6、ny means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401

7、CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 37100:2016ISO 37100:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 13.1 Terms relating to sustainable development, resilience and smartness . 13.2 Terms rela

8、ting to organization, city and community . 33.3 Terms relating to management . 43.4 Terms relating to quality and conformity 63.5 Terms relating to indicators and metrics . 73.6 Terms relating to infrastructure and services . 8Bibliography .10 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 3710

9、0:2016ISO 37100:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a

10、 subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissio

11、n (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should

12、 be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for ident

13、ifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenie

14、nce of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the

15、following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 37100:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37100:2016(E)Sustainable cities and communities Vocabulary1 ScopeT

16、his document defines terms relating to sustainable development in communities, smart community infrastructure and related subjects.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Terms and definitionsISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization

17、at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/3.1 Terms relating to sustainable development, resilience and smartness3.1.1sustainabilitystate of the global system, including environmental, social

18、 and economic aspects, in which the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needsNote 1 to entry: The environmental, social and economic aspects interact, are interdependent and are often referred to as the three dimensions of sustainabil

19、ity.Note 2 to entry: Sustainability is the goal of sustainable development.SOURCE: ISO Guide 82:2014, 3.13.1.2sustainable developmentdevelopment that meets the environmental, social and economic needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needsNote 1

20、 to entry: Derived from the Brundtland Report.Note 2 to entry: The Aalborg Charter provides further information on sustainable development in communities.SOURCE: ISO Guide 82:2014, 3.2, modified Note 2 to entry has been added.3.1.3resilienceadaptive capacity of an organization in a complex and chang

21、ing environmentNote 1 to entry: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines resilience as “the ability of a system and its component parts to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient manner, including through ensurin

22、g the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential basic structures and functions”.Note 2 to entry: Resilience is the ability of an organization to resist being affected by an event or the ability to return to an acceptable level of performance in an acceptable period of time after bei

23、ng affected by an event. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 37100:2016ISO 37100:2016(E)Note 3 to entry: Resilience is the capability of a system to maintain its functions and structure in the face of internal and external change and to degrade gracefully when this is necessary.SOURCE: ISO Guide 73

24、:2009, 3.8.1.7, modified Notes 1, 2 and 3 to entry have been added.3.1.4smartnessquality of contributing to sustainable development and resilience, through soundly based decision making and the adoption of a long- and short-term perspectiveNote 1 to entry: Smartness is embedded in the process of sus

25、tainable development, i.e. sustainable development is the overarching process, while smartness is a characteristic. It implies a holistic approach, including good governance and adequate organization, processes and behaviours, and appropriate innovative use of techniques, technologies and natural re

26、sources.Note 2 to entry: Smartness is addressed in terms of performance, relevant to technologically implementable solutions.3.1.5accountabilitystate of being answerable for decisions and activities to the interested parties of an organization3.1.6ecosystemsystem of complex interactions between plan

27、ts, animals, microorganisms and their environment, which functions as a unitSOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.14, modified The words “communities of” have been deleted before the word “plants”.3.1.7ecosystem servicesbenefits provided by ecosystems that contribute to the viability and quality of human lifeSO

28、URCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.15, modified Definition adapted to the context of sustainable development in communities3.1.8environmentsurroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelationsSOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.163.1.

29、9environmental impactchange to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organizations environmental aspectsSOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.43.1.10hazardous wastewaste that is potentially harmful to human beings, property or the environmentSOURCE: ISO 181131:2

30、009, 3.22, modified Notes 1 and 2 to entry and examples have been removed.3.1.11impactpositive or negative change to society, economy or the environment, wholly or partially resulting from an organizations past and present decisions and activitiesSOURCE: ISO 26000:2010, 2.92 ISO 2016 All rights rese

31、rvedBS ISO 37100:2016ISO 37100:2016(E)3.1.12life cycleconsecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposalNote 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include acquisition of raw materials, design, producti

32、on, transportation/delivery, use, endoflife treatment and final disposal.SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.3.33.1.13life cycle costtotal investment in product development, manufacturing, test, distribution, operation, support, training, and disposalSOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2010, 3.15903.1.14natural disast

33、ernatural event such as a flood, earthquake, or hurricane that causes great damage or loss of life3.1.15pro-poor growtheconomic growth for the benefit of poor people (primarily in the economic sense of poverty)Note 1 to entry: Propoor growth can be defined as absolute, where the benefits are from ov

34、erall growth in the economy, or relative, which refers to targeted efforts to increase the growth specifically among poor people.EXAMPLE A pace and pattern of economic growth that helps poor women and men to participate in, contribute to and benefit from that growth.SOURCE: OECD, Natural Resources a

35、nd Pro-Poor Growth: The Economics and Politics, 20083.1.16solid wastenon-soluble, discarded solid materials, including sewage sludge, municipal garbage, industrial wastes, agricultural refuse, demolition wastes and mining residues3.1.17vascular plantsplants that can internally transport water and fo

36、od3.2 Terms relating to organization, city and community3.2.1cityurban community falling under a specific administrative boundaryNote 1 to entry: A city is sometimes referred to as a municipality or a local government.Note 2 to entry: Cities can help to alleviate increasing pressure on the environme

37、nt and natural resources caused by global urbanization through the development of holistic and integrated policies.3.2.2communitygroup of people with an arrangement of responsibilities, activities and relationshipsNote 1 to entry: In many, but not all, contexts, a community has a defined geographica

38、l boundary.Note 2 to entry: A city is a type of community. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 37100:2016ISO 37100:2016(E)3.2.3organizationperson or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectivesNote 1 to entry: to entry. Th

39、e concept of organization includes, but is not limited to soletrader, company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority, partnership, charity or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private.Note 2 to entry: In this document, the concept of organization

40、refers to an entity/institution inside the community that is tasked with implementing the management system, e.g. the local government. The community identifies an organization that it entrusts with the implementation of this document.3.2.4buyerperson who aims to get possession of goods, services an

41、d/or rights through providing an acceptable equivalent value, usually in money, to the person providing such goods, services and/or rightsSOURCE: ISO/IEC 159441:2011, 3.8, modified The words “goods”, “services” and “rights” have been made into the plural form.3.2.5interested party (preferred term)st

42、akeholder (admitted term)person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity3.2.6providerperson or organization involved in or associated with the delivery of products and/or servicesSOURCE: ISO/TR 127731:2009, 2.40, modified Definition

43、 adapted to the context of smart community infrastructures.3.3 Terms relating to management3.3.1management systemset of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies and objectives and processes to achieve those objectivesNote 1 to entry: A management system can addre

44、ss a single discipline or several disciplines.Note 2 to entry: The system elements include an organizations structure, roles and responsibilities, planning and operation.Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management system may include the whole organization, specific and identified functions of the org

45、anization, specific and identified sections of the organization, or one or more functions across a group of organizations.3.3.2top managementperson or group of people who directs and controls an organization at the highest levelNote 1 to entry: Top management has the power to delegate authority and

46、to provide resources within the organization.Note 2 to entry: Top management is to be understood as the decisionmaking body of the organization formally or informally entrusted by the relevant community to implement the management system.Note 3 to entry: If the scope of the management system covers

47、only part of an organization, then top management refers to those who direct and control that part of the organization.4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 37100:2016ISO 37100:2016(E)3.3.3continual improvementrecurring activity to enhance performance3.3.4documented informationinformation required to

48、 be controlled and maintained by an organization and the medium on which it is containedNote 1 to entry: Documented information can be in any format and media, and from any source.Note 2 to entry: Documented information can refer to: the management system, including related processes; information cr

49、eated in order for the organization to operate (documentation); evidence of results achieved (records).3.3.5effectivenessextent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved3.3.6impactpositive or negative change to society, economy or the environment, wholly or partially resulting from an organizations past and present decisions and activitiesSOURCE: ISO 26000:2010, 2.93.3.7objectiveresult to be achievedNote 1 to entry: An objective can be strategic, tactical,