1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 3864-4:2011Graphical symbols Safetycolours and safety signsPart 4: Colorimetric and photometricproperties of safety sign materialsBS ISO 3864-4:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNation
2、al forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 3864-4:2011. Itsupersedes BS5378-2:1980 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/8/1, Graphical Symbols - Safety Signs.A list of organizations represented on this committee can b
3、eobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 66513 4 ICS 01.080.10; 01.080.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal
4、 obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2011. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 3864-4:2011Reference numberISO 3864-4:2011(E)ISO 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO3864-4First editi
5、on2011-03-15Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials Symboles graphiques Couleurs de scurit et signaux de scurit Partie 4: Proprits colorimtriques et photomtriques des matriaux des signaux de scurit BS ISO 3864-4:2011I
6、SO 3864-4:2011(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downl
7、oading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the
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9、iven below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at t
10、he address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 3864-4:2011ISO 3864-4:2011(
11、E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Requirements.3 4.1 General .3 4.2 Object colour under external illumination 4 4.3 Object colour of powered internally illuminated safety signs4 5 Test methods .8
12、5.1 General .8 5.2 Object colour under external illumination 9 5.3 Object colour of powered internally illuminated safety signs10 Annex A (informative) Object colour of different types of safety sign and material .11 Annex B (normative) Classification of emission colour of phosphorescent material 13
13、 Annex C (normative) Specification of colour and photometric instrumentation.16 Annex D (informative) Guidance on photometric relationships between and within safety and contrast colours of graphical symbols .18 Annex E (informative) Examples of safety colours and contrast colours for object colours
14、 of ordinary materials .19 Annex F (informative) Consideration of defective colour vision .21 Bibliography23 BS ISO 3864-4:2011ISO 3864-4:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (I
15、SO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gov
16、ernmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC
17、 Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the membe
18、r bodies casting a vote. ISO 3864-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 145, Graphical symbols, Subcommittee SC 2, Safety identification, signs, shapes, symbols and colours. This part of ISO 3864, together with ISO 3864-1:, cancels and replaces ISO 3864-1:2002, which has been technically revi
19、sed. ISO 3864 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs: Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels Part 3: Design principles for graphical symbols for use in safe
20、ty signs Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials BS ISO 3864-4:2011ISO 3864-4:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction This part of ISO 3864 has been prepared to provide manufacturers/suppliers of safety signs and test laboratories and instrument manufactur
21、ers with specifications of the colorimetric and photometric properties of safety signs comprising different types of material and with test methods. Consistent use of this part of ISO 3864 will assist in improving knowledge of safety-sign requirements and in furthering understanding of the performan
22、ce of various types of safety signs in everyday use. This part of ISO 3864 is intended to be used by all Technical Committees within ISO charged with developing specific safety signing for their industry, to ensure that there is only one set of colorimetric and photometric requirements and test meth
23、ods for safety signs. Note that some countries statutory regulations may differ in some respect from those given in this part of ISO 3864. BS ISO 3864-4:2011BS ISO 3864-4:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3864-4:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs Par
24、t 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials IMPORTANT The electronic file of this document contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of the document. Users should therefore consider printing this document using a colour printer. 1 Scop
25、e This part of ISO 3864 establishes the colorimetric and photometric requirements and test methods for the colours of safety signs to be used in workplaces and public areas. It provides the colorimetric and photometric specifications for the named safety and contrast colours prescribed in ISO 3864-1
26、. The physical requirements that safety signs have to meet are primarily related to daytime colour and normally lit environments. This part of ISO 3864 also includes the colorimetric requirements and test methods for safety signs and phosphorescent material which also operate in unlit environments.
27、This part of ISO 3864 is applicable to all locations where safety issues related to people need to be addressed. However, it is not applicable to signalling used for guiding rail, road, river, maritime and air traffic and, generally speaking, to those sectors subject to a regulation that may differ.
28、 The colorimetric and photometric properties of retroreflective safety signs, retroreflective materials combined with fluorescent or phosphorescent materials, or luminous safety signs activated by a radioactive source are not specified in this part of ISO 3864. 2 Normative references The following r
29、eferenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3864-1: 1), Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety sign
30、s Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings ISO 17724:2003, Graphical symbols Vocabulary CIE 15, Colorimetry CIE 69, Methods of characterizing illuminance meters and luminance meters: Performance, characteristics and specifications 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3864-1:200
31、2) BS ISO 3864-4:2011ISO 3864-4:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17724 and the following apply. 3.1 colour region boundary values of x, y chromaticity coordinates of the CIE 2 standard colorimetric
32、 observer and luminance factor or luminance for the named colour 3.2 contrast C difference in luminance factors of the graphical symbol and its background, divided by the larger luminance factor a, where bis the smaller luminance factor ()/abaC = 3.3 contrast colour colour that contrasts with the sa
33、fety colour in order to make the safety colour more conspicuous 3.4 externally illuminated safety sign safety sign that is illuminated, when required, by an external source 3.5 internally illuminated safety sign safety sign that is illuminated, when required, by an internal source 3.6 luminance cont
34、rast k luminance of the contrast colour, L1, divided by the luminance of the safety colour, L2, where L1is greater than L212/kLL= ISO 17724:2003, definition 43 3.7 luminance factor ratio of the luminance of the surface element in a given direction to that of a perfect reflecting or transmitting diff
35、user identically illuminated ISO 17724:2003, definition 44 3.8 maintained safety sign sign in which the integral lamps are energized at all times when normal or emergency mode of operation is required 3.9 non-maintained safety sign sign in which the integral lamps are in operation only when the powe
36、r supply to the normal lighting fails BS ISO 3864-4:2011ISO 3864-4:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 33.10 object colour named colour of safety sign elements specified in terms of chromaticity coordinates x, y of the CIE 2 standard colorimetric observer and either luminance factor or luminance 3.
37、11 ordinary material material which is neither retroreflecting nor fluorescent nor phosphorescent nor involves powered light emission nor is activated by a radioactive source 3.12 phosphorescent material material incorporating phosphors that, if excited by UV or visible radiation, store energy, whic
38、h is emitted as light over a period of time 3.13 safety colour specific colour with special properties to which a safety meaning is attributed ISO 17724:2003, definition 66 4 Requirements 4.1 General All colorimetric and photometric requirements apply to the materials as used in the finished sign. T
39、he safety colours and contrast colours for the geometric shape of safety signs and the graphical symbols for particular types of safety signs are given in ISO 3864-1. The requirements are based on the CIE 2 standard colorimetric observer, as specified in CIE 15. Where the requirement involves the co
40、lour of the sign material under external illumination, the requirements are based on CIE Standard illuminant D65 at either an angle of 45 with the normal to the surface and the observation made in the direction of the normal (45a:0 geometry) or normal to the surface and observation made in the direc
41、tion of 45 to the surface (0:45a geometry). Requirements and test methods are given for safety signs in lit and unlit conditions. NOTE Information on colour characteristics of externally illuminated, internally illuminated and phosphorescent materials is given in Annex A. Safety signs without an int
42、egral source of light are required to be externally illuminated for their intended function. Internally illuminated safety signs are classified as “maintained” (integral light source is powered) or “non-maintained” (sign is externally illuminated when the integral light source is unpowered, but in a
43、n emergency condition the integral light source is powered). If the sign is intended to be dimmed, the requirements need to be met under this condition as well. Phosphorescent safety signs have applications in both lit and unlit environments. For example, during an emergency, the excited phosphoresc
44、ent materials emit light over a period of time. Requirements are specified in terms of colour region for each named colour. Requirements for safety signs comprised of ordinary materials are specified in 4.2.1. Requirements for non- maintained internally illuminated safety signs are specified in 4.2.
45、2 (when the integral light source is not powered) and in 4.3 (when the integral light source is powered). Requirements for maintained internally BS ISO 3864-4:2011ISO 3864-4:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 All rights reservedilluminated safety signs are specified in 4.3. Requirements for phosphorescent safety si
46、gns under external illumination are specified in 4.2.3. The materials are no longer considered suitable for safety use if, while in use, the chromaticity coordinates and/or luminance factor fall outside the colour regions given in Table 1 for the type of safety sign material, or the chromaticity coo
47、rdinates and/or luminance or luminance contrast fall outside the ranges given in Tables 2 and 3 for the type of safety sign. For classification purposes by manufacturers, the performance requirements and the test method for the emission colour of phosphorescent materials are given in Annex B. 4.2 Ob
48、ject colour under external illumination 4.2.1 Safety sign comprising ordinary materials When the object colour is tested in accordance with 5.2.1, the chromaticity coordinates of each colour shall fall within the relevant colour region specified in Table 1, as illustrated in Figure 1. The luminance
49、factor for each colour shall be as specified in Table 1. 4.2.2 Unpowered internally illuminated safety signs under external illumination When an unpowered internally illuminated safety sign is tested in accordance with 5.2.2, the chromaticity coordinates of each colour shall fall within the relevant colour region specified in Table 1, as illustrated in Figure 1. The luminance factor for each colour shall be as specified in Table 1. 4.2.3 Phosphorescent safety signs under external il
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