1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3977-9:1999 Gas turbines Procurement Part 9: Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety ICS 27.040 BS ISO 3977-9:1999 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 February 2004 BSI 26 February 2004 ISB
2、N 0 580 43479 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 3977-9:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/16, Gas turbines, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations repre
3、sented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by usin
4、g the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity fr
5、om legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the
6、 UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 25 and a back cover The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Co
7、mmentsReference number ISO 3977-9:1999(E) OSI 9991 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3977-9 First edition 1999-12-15 Gas turbines Procurement Part 9: Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety Turbines gaz Spcifications pour lacquisition Partie 9: Fiabilit, disponibilit, maintenabilit et scurit
8、BSISO39779:1999ISO -77939:(9991)E ICS 27.040 Price sabde no 52 segap ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr BSISO39779:1999iiISO -77939:(9991)E ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr iii Contents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative reference 2 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Maintainability15 4.1 Manufacturers responsi
9、bility.15 4.2 Users responsibility20 4.3 Spares holding.21 4.4 Operating log sheets .22 5 Reliability and availability.24 5.1 Reliability acceptance tests24 5.2 Reliability and availability, calculating and reporting24 6 Safety 25 6.1 General25 6.2 Safety elements25 BSISO39779:1999ISO -77939:(9991)E
10、 iv ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body inte
11、rested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnica
12、l Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publicati
13、on as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 3977 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pate
14、nt rights. International Standard ISO 3977-9 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 192, Gas turbines. ISO 3977 consists of the following parts, under the general title Gas turbines Procurement: Part 1: General introduction and definitions Part 2: Standard reference conditions and ratings Part 3
15、: Design requirements Part 4: Fuels and environment Part 5: Gas turbine applications Part 6: Combined cycles Part 7: Technical information Part 8: Inspection, testing, installation and commissioning Part 9: Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety BSISO39779:1999INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR I
16、SO -77939:(9991)E ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr 1 Gas turbines Procurement Part 9: Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety 1 Scope The purpose of this part of ISO 3977 is to provide a basis for exchange of information about reliability, availability, maintainability and safety between g
17、as turbine manufacturers, users, consultants, regulatory bodies, insurance companies and others. It defines terms and definitions used within this part of ISO 3977 and also describes component life expectancy, repairs and criteria for determining overhaul intervals. This part of ISO 3977 is applicab
18、le to all elements of the gas turbine, especially, but not limited to, the following: compressor turbine combustion system intercooler regenerator or recuperator air ducting system exhaust ducting system air intake system control system fuel system lubrication system cooling water system rotor beari
19、ngs gears coupling starting equipment baseplate/foundation enclosures and ventilation system. BSISO39779:19991ISO -77939:(9991)E 2 ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr 2 Normative reference The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of t
20、his part of ISO 3977. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, this publication do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 3977 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated be
21、low. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 2314:1989, Gas turbines Acceptance tests. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 3977, the fo
22、llowing terms and definitions apply. 3.1 actual unit starts AUS number of times the unit was actually synchronized or run from the shut-down situation up to the required speed 3.2 age actual number of calendar years the unit has been in commercial service 3.3 ageing loss of performance of a gas turb
23、ine due to wear and tear experienced in normal operation which is not recoverable by compressor cleaning, turbine cleaning, filter cleaning, etc. NOTE It is normally the result of increased seal clearances due to vibration and wear, loss of profile and increased blade surface roughness due to corros
24、ion, erosion, etc. 3.4 attempted unit starts number of attempts to synchronize the unit or run up to the required speed after being shut down NOTE Repeated failures to start for the same cause within the allowable specified starting time period, without attempting corrective action, are considered a
25、 single attempt. 3.5 available state in which a unit is capable of providing service, whether or not it is actually in service, regardless of the capacity level that can be provided 3.6 available hours AH time, in hours, during which the unit is available for service 3.7 availability factor AF proba
26、bility that a unit, major equipment or component will be usable at a point in time, based on the past experience with that specific gas turbine: AF 1 FOH POH PH AH PH BSISO39779:19992ISO -77939:(9991)E ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr 3 where FOH is forced outage hours POH is planned outage hours PH is
27、period hours 3.8 availability rate AR AR SH SH OH where SH is service hours OH is outage hours 3.9 average run time ART ART = SH AUS 3.10 base load rated output normally expected or guaranteed output of the gas turbine when operating at the specified conditions and at the base-rated turbine temperat
28、ure level (or other limit imposed by the manufacturer) and in a new and clean condition 3.11 chemical vapour deposition CVD method of producing a coating, based on a chemical reaction between a gaseous phase of the coating material and the heated surface of the substrate NOTE See coating (3.13). 3.1
29、2 chromizing coating by a chromium overlay NOTE Also known as chromating see coating (3.13). 3.13 coating in general, a consumable and generally replaceable overlay provided to protect the base material against corrosion and/or erosion EXAMPLE The following are types of coatings which may be provide
30、d: chemical vapour deposition (CVD) chromizing diffusion chromizing physical vapour deposition (PVD) BSISO39779:19993ISO -77939:(9991)E 4 ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr plasma spray atmospheric plasma spray (APS) vacuum plasma spray (VPS). 3.14 cold testing all functional tests conducted on the instal
31、lation site up to and including cranking the gas turbine by means of the starter but before firing the gas turbine 3.15 compressor surge unstable condition characterized by low-frequency fluctuations in mass flow of the working fluid in the compressor and in the connecting ducts 3.16 condition monit
32、oring assessment of the condition of a gas turbine or its components by measuring those parameters which, over time, have been established to correlate with an incipient failure condition, and where the monitoring action is non- intrusive with respect to the equipment NOTE Any subsequent maintenance
33、 activity which is based upon a diagnosis of parts condition over time and executed in accordance with the monitored degree of deterioration, is referred to as “on-condition maintenance“. 3.17 corrosion chemical reaction and change of the gas turbine material due to corrosive elements in the working
34、 fluid 3.18 damage sudden unforseen physical loss of the ability of a component or equipment to fulfil a required function 3.19 design life usable operating life for which a component or equipment has been designed, including a safety margin against failure NOTE Where routine repairs are designed to
35、 sustain component life, such as recoating, crack repairs, etc., the design life is the total life beyond which repairs are no longer feasible. 3.20 diffusion chromizing enrichment of base metal with chromium by a diffusion process to increase the hot corrosion resistance NOTE See coating (3.13). 3.
36、21 emergency start start of a gas turbine in any emergency with the objective of producing power in the shortest possible time, without the realms of the gas turbine operating possibilities 3.22 emergency shut down ESD shut down of a gas turbine in an emergency with the objective of taking the machi
37、ne out of operation in the shortest possible time BSISO39779:19994ISO -77939:(9991)E ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr 5 3.23 equivalent availability factor EAF EAF = PH (EUDH EPDH ESEDH) PH 100 % 3.24 equivalent forced derated hours EFDH product of the forced derated hours (FDH) and the size of hours re
38、duction, divided by the net maximum capacity (NMC) 3.25 equivalent forced derated hours during reserve shutdowns EFDHRS output reduction factor given by the ratio of output reduction and net maximum capacity (NMC) 3.26 equivalent operating hours T eq weighted operating events affecting the life of t
39、he machine forming an equivalent operating time to determine inspection intervals or life expectancy EXAMPLE Ta na ntfwb tb t i i n eq 11 22 1 11 22 bg where a 1 is the weighting factor for each start; n 1 is the number of fired starts; a 2 is the weighting factor for fast loading; n 2 is the number
40、 of fast loadings; t i is the equivalent operation hours for rapid temperature changes, e.g. due to step load changes or load rejections; n is the number of rapid temperature changes; t 1 is the operating hours with output up to base-load rating; b 1 is the weighting factor for base-load duty; t 2 i
41、s the operating hours with output between base- and peak-load ratings; b 2 is the weighting factor for peak-load duty; f is the weighting factor for contaminated, out of specification or non-specifiable fuels; w is the weighting factor for injected water or steam; NOTE Other factors can be considere
42、d. 3.27 equivalent planned derated hours EPDH product of the planned derated hours (PDH) and the size of reduction, divided by the net maximum capacity (NMC) BSISO39779:19995ISO -77939:(9991)E 6 ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr 3.28 equivalent scheduled derated hours ESDH product of the scheduled derate
43、d hours (SDH) and the size of reduction, divided by the net maximum capacity (NMC) 3.29 equivalent seasonal derated hours ESEDH net maximum capacity (NMC) minus the net dependable capacity derated hours (NDC), multiplied by the available hours (AH) and divided by the net maximum capacity (NMC) 3.30
44、equivalent unplanned derated hours EUDH product of the unplanned derated hours (UDH) and the size of reduction, divided by the net maximum capacity (NMC) unplanned = forced + maintenance (NERC) 3.31 erosion abrasive wear of material by mechanical impact of solid particles in the working fluid 3.32 f
45、ired start any start which achieves full ignition and applies heat to the gas path components NOTE For fired hours, see service hours (3.98). 3.33 failure sudden and unexpected ending of the ability of a component or equipment to fulfil its function 3.34 failure to start FS inability to bring a unit
46、 through a qualifying starting attempt to the in-service state within a specified period due to equipment supplied in the contract NOTE 1 Repeated failures within the specified period are to be counted as a single starting failure. Test starts and failures to start due to equipment not furnished und
47、er the contract shall not be counted as starting attempts, failures or successes. NOTE 2 As a general assurance of readiness, if a unit has not experienced a successful start during the prior 30 days, then the starting attempt is considered as a “test start“ and is not counted. NOTE 3 Procedural err
48、ors that do not constitute equipment failure involving repair are not counted as failures-to-start. NOTE 4 For calculation, FS = number of failures to start. 3.35 forced derating unplanned component failure (immediate, delayed, postponed) or another condition that requires the load on the unit be re
49、duced immediately or before the next weekend 3.36 forced derated hours FDH sum of all hours experienced during forced deratings BSISO39779:19996ISO -77939:(9991)E ISO 9991 All irhgts seredevr 7 3.37 forced outage FO unplanned component failure (immediate, delayed, postponed) or another condition that requires the unit
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