BS ISO 4037-3-1999 X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy Calibration of ao.pdf

1、STDDBSI BS IS0 4037-3-ENGL 1777 9 Lb2LibbS OBLOObb 01q 9 BRITISH STANDARD X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating doserneters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy - Part 3: Calibration of area and personal dosemeters and the measurement of the

2、ir response as a function of energy and angle of incidence ICs 13.280, 17.240 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS IS0 4037-3:1999 BS IS0 40373:1999 Amd.No. National foreword Date Comments This British Standard reproduces verbatim IS0 4037-3 1999 and implements i

3、t as the K nationai standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NCE/2, Health physics instrumentation, which has the responsibiliy to: - aid enquire= to understand the text; - present to the responsible internationalEuropean committee any enquiries on the i

4、nterpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed them in the UK - monitor related international and European developments and promulgate A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards

5、 which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard do

6、es not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an ins

7、ide front cover, the IS0 title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 46, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Commit

8、tee, was published under the authoriw of the Standards Committee and comes intn effect on 15 September 1999 O BSI 09-1999 ISBN O 580 35008 8 STD-BSI BS IS0 l037-3-ENGL 1999 W LbZlbb7 O81OOb8 797 BS IS0 4037-31999 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 403713 First edition 1s-06-15 X and gamma reference radiatio

9、n for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy - Part 3: Calibration of area and personal dosemeters and the measurement of their response as a function of energy and angle of incidence Rayonnements X et gamma de dfrence pour ltalon

10、nage des dosimetres et des dbitmtres et pour la dtermination de leur dpse en fonction de lnergie des photons - Partie 3: Etalonnage des dosimtms de zone (ou dambiance) et individuek et mesurage de leur dponse en fonction de lnergie et de langle dincidence Reference number IS0 4037-3:1999(E) STD*ESI

11、BS IS0 4037-3-ENGL 1919 9 Lb24bbS OBL00b9 823 BS IS0 4037-31999 Contents 1 scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Ouantities and units . 2 3.2 Calibration factor and response determination . 3 4 Procedures applicable to all area and personal dosemeters 5 4.1 General principles . 5 4.2

12、Methods for the determination of the calibration factor and the response 9 5 Particular procedures for area dosemeters 12 5.1 General principles . 12 5.2 Ouantities to be measured . 12 5.3 Conversion cfficients . 12 6 ParHcular procedures for personal dosemeters . 22 6.1 General principles . 22 6.2

13、Quantities to be measured . 23 6.3 Experimental conditions 23 6.4 Conversion coefficients . 25 7 Presentation of results 35 7.1 Records and certificates 35 7.2 Statement of uncertainties . 36 Annex A (informative) Additional Information 37 Bibliography 46 STD.BSI BS IS0 9037-3-ENGL 1999 1b24bb9 OB10

14、070 595 = BS IS0 4037-31999 Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member Wies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally camed out through Is0 technical committees. Each member body interested in

15、 a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Intemational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnicai Commissi

16、on (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draf International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intemational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Intemational S

17、tandard IS0 4037-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85 Nuclear energy, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiation protection. IS0 4037 consists of the following parts, under the general title X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for detennining their respons

18、e as a function of photon energy : - - Part 1: Radiation Characteristics and ptvducton methods Pari 2: Dosimetry for radiation protection over the energy ranges 8 keV to 1,3 MeV and 4 MeV to 9 MeV - Part 3: Calibration of area and personal dosemeters and the measurement of their response as a functi

19、on of energy and angle of incidence iii STD-BSI BS IS0 4037-3-ENGL 1999 I Lb24bb OBLU071 481 I BS IS0 4037-3:1999 Introduction This part of IS0 4037 is closely related to two other International Standards. The first, IS0 4037-1, describes the methods of production and characterization of the photon

20、reference radiations. The second, IS0 4037-2, describes the dosimetry of the reference radiations. This part of IS0 4037 is the third part of the series, and it describes procedures for calibrating and determining the response of dosemeters and doserate meters in terms of the International Commissio

21、n on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) operational quantities 1,2,3,4 for radiation protection purposes SI. The rationale for using the operational quantities is based on the fact that the effective dose as defined in ICRP 60 SI cannot be measured directly. The operational quantities provide a

22、 reasonable and conservative approximation to the effective dose for most photon radiations. The determination of the response of dosemeters and doserate meters is essentially a three-step process. First a basic quantity such as air kerma is measured free in air at the point of test. Then the approp

23、riate operational quantity is derived by the application of the conversion coefficient that relates the quantity measured to the selected operational quantity. Finally the device under test is placed at the same point for the determination of its response. Depending on the type of dosemeter under te

24、st, the irradiation is either carried out on a phantom or free in air for personal and area dosemeters, respectively. For area and individual monitoring, this part of IS0 4037 describes the methods and the conversion coefficients to be used for the determination of the response of doserneters and do

25、serate meters in terms of the CRU operational quantities for photons. iv STD*BSI BS IS0 4037-3-ENGL 3997 m lbZIbb9 0830072 318 m BS IS0 4037-31999 X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy - Part 3

26、: Cali bration of area and personal dosemeters and the measurement of their response as a function of energy and angle of incidence i Scope This part of IS0 4037 specifies the calibration of dosemeters and doserate meters used for individual and for area monitoring in photon reference radiation fiel

27、ds with mean energies between 8 keV and 9 MeV (see Is0 4037-1). For individual monitoring, both whole body and extremity dosemeters are covered and for area monitoring both portable and installed dosemeters are covered. This part of IS0 4037 also deals with the determination of the response as a fun

28、ction of photon energy and angle of radiation incidence. Such measurements may represent part of a type test in the course of which the effect of further influence quantities on the response is examined. This part of IS0 4037 does not cover the in-situ calibration of fixed installed area dosemeters

29、which will be covered in a future standard. The procedures to be followed for the different types of dosemeters are described. Recommendations are given on the phantom to be used and on the conversion coefficients to be applied. In addition, this Intemational Standard gives guidance on the statement

30、 of uncertainties and on the preparation of calibration records and certificates. NOTE 1 The term dosemeter is used as a generic term denoting any dose or doserate meter for individual or area monitoring. NOTE 2 Throughout this part of IS0 4037, unless otherwise stated. the tem kerma is used to deno

31、te air kerma free in air. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IS0 4037. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. Howeve

32、r, parties to agreements based on this patt of IS0 4037 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated Mow. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IS0 and IEC mainta

33、in registers of currently valid Intemational Standards. IS0 4037-1:1996, X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate mters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy - Patt i: Radiation characteristics and production methods. IS0 4037-2:1997, X and

34、gamma reference radiation for calibrating dasemeters and doserate meters and for etermining their response as a function of photon energy - Part 2: Dosimetry for radiation prvtection over the energyranges8keVto 1,3MeVand4MeVtoQMeV. IS0 Guide to the Expmssbn of Uncertainfy in Measurement, 1993. 1 STD

35、-BSI BS IS0 4037-3-ENGL 1999 1b211bb7 0810073 2511 m BS IS0 4037-3:1999 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of IS0 4037, the following definitions apply. 3.1 Quantities and units 3.1.1 dose equivalent H product of Q and D at a point in tissue, where D is the absorbed dose at that point and Q

36、 the (ICRU 51 A): H= QD NOTE 1 The unit of the dose equivalent is joules per kilogram (J . kg-?) with the special name sievert (Sv). quality factor (1) NOTE 2 3.1.2 operational quantities For the purpose of this part of IS0 4037, for photon and electron radiation, the quality factor has the value un

37、ity. 3.1.2.1 ambient dose equivalent dose equivalent that, at a point in a radiation field, would be produced by the corresponding expanded and aligned field, in the ICRU sphere, at a depth of 10 mm on the radius opposing the direction of the aligned field NOTE 1 The unit of the ambient dose equival

38、ent is joules per kilogram (J . kg-?) with the special name sievert (Sv). NOTE2 In the expanded and aligned field, the fluence and its energy distribution have the same value throughout the volume of interest as at the point of test; the field is unidirectional. TO) 3.1.2.2 dlrectional dose equivale

39、nt H (0,07;R) dose equivalent that, at a point in a radiation field, would be produced by the corresponding expanded field in the ICRU sphere at a depth of 0,07 mm on a radius in a specified direction 0 NOTE 1 NOTE 2 incident field and a specified radius. When a = O, the quantity H?(0,07;0) may be w

40、ritten as H?(0,07). NOTE 3 interest as in the actual field at the point of measurement. The unit of the directional dose equivalent is joules per kilogram (J . kg?) with the special name sievert (Sv). In a unidirectional field, the direction can be specified in terms of the angle, a, between the rad

41、ius opposing the In the expanded field, the fluence and its angular and energy distributions have the same value over the volume of 3.1 9.3 personal dose equivalent dose equivalent in soft tissue as defined in ICRU 51 m below a specified point on the body at an appropriate depth d Hp(4 NOTE 1 NOTE 2

42、 For weakly penetrating radiation, a depth of 0,07 mm for the skin is employed. The personal dose equivalent for this depth is then denoted by Hp(0.07). For strongly penetrating radiation, a depth of 10 mm is frequently employed with analogous notation. NOTE 3 In Report 47 4, the ICRU has considered

43、 the definition of the personal dose equivalent to include the dose equivalent at a depth d in a phantom having the composition of the ICRU tissue. Then Hp(d), for the calibration of personal clossrneters, is the dose equivalent at a depth din a phantom composed of ICRU tissue (see 6.2), but of the

44、size and shape of the phantom used for the calibration (see 6.3.1). The unit of the personal dose equivalent is joules per kilogram (J . kg-?) with the special name sievert (Sv). Any statement of personal dose equivalent should include a specification of the depth, d, expressed in millimetres. 2 STD

45、*BSI BS IS0 g037-3-ENGL It999 m Lb2Ybb7 081007V 190 W BS IS0 4037-3:1999 3.2 Calibration factor and response determination 3.2.1 influence quantity influence parameter quantity which may have a betaring on the result of a measurement without being the subject of the masurement EXAMPLE The reading of

46、 a dosemeter with an unsealed ionization chamber is influenced by the temperature and pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. Although needed for determining the value of the dose, the measurement of these two quanMies is not the primary objective. 39.2 reference conditions reference conditions repr

47、esent the set of influence quantities for which the calibration factor is valid without any correction (See also note to 3.2.3.) NOTE to be calibrated. The quanti to be measured is not an influence quantity (3.2.1). The value for the quantity to be measured may be chosen freely in agreement with the

48、 properties of the instrument 3.2.3 standard test conditions standard test conditions represent the range of values of a set of influence quantities under which a calibration or a determination of response is carried out NOTE IdeaHy, calibrations should be carried out under reference conditions. As

49、this is not always achievable (ag. for ambient air pressure) or convenient (ag. for ambient temperature), a (small) interval around the reference values may be used. The deviations of the calibration factor from its value under reference conditions caused by these deviations should in principle be corrected for. In practice, the uncertainty aimed at serves as a criterion as to which influence quantity has to be taken into account by an explici correction or whether its effect may be incorporated into the uncertainty. During type tesis, all values of influence