BS ISO 4301-1-2016 Cranes Classification General《起重机 分级 总则》.pdf

1、BS ISO 4301-1:2016Cranes ClassificationPart 1: GeneralBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 4301-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 4301-1:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was ent

2、rusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The Briti

3、sh Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 89000 0ICS 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 201

4、6.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 4301-1:2016 ISO 2016Cranes Classification Part 1: GeneralAppareils de levage charge suspendue Classification Partie 1: GnralitsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO4301-1Third edition2016-07-01Reference numberISO 4301-1:2016(E)BS ISO 4301-1:2016ISO 4

5、301-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopyin

6、g, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11

7、Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 4301-1:2016ISO 4301-1:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Definitions . 14 Symbols 15 Use of classification . 25.1 General . 25.2 Use of classification for commercial specification . 25.3 Use of classification in

8、the design . 26 Classification of crane duty for the crane as a whole . 26.1 General . 26.2 Total number of crane working cycles 26.3 State of loading . 36.4 Group classification. 46.5 Average displacements 56.5.1 General 56.5.2 Average linear displacements . 76.5.3 Average angular displacements 77

9、Classification of components and mechanisms 87.1 General . 87.2 Total number of component working cycles . 87.3 State of loading . 87.4 Group classification. 97.5 Average displacements 97.6 Accelerations per movement 97.7 Stress histories . 10Annex A (informative) Examples for average displacements

10、11Annex B (informative) Guidance for the conversion of M-classes .13Bibliography .14 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 4301-1:2016ISO 4301-1:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bo

11、dies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental an

12、d non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are de

13、scribed in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is draw

14、n to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on t

15、he ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessmen

16、t, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 10, Design principles and requirements.This third

17、 edition of ISO 4301-1 constitutes a technical revision of ISO 4301-1:1986, which is provisionally retained as it specifies another approach to the classification of cranes that will continue to be used within the industry for some time. See also Annex B.ISO 4301 consists of the following parts, und

18、er the general title Cranes Classification : Part 1: General Part 2: Mobile cranes Part 3: Tower cranes Part 4: Jib cranes Part 5: Overhead travelling and portal bridge cranesiv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 4301-1:2016ISO 4301-1:2016(E)IntroductionCranes play a part in the handling of material

19、s by raising and moving loads the mass of which is within their rated capacity. However, there may be wide variations in their duty. The design of the crane has to take account of the duty in terms of conditions of service, in order to reach an appropriate level of safety and useful life which is in

20、 line with the purchasers requirements.Classification serves as a reference framework between purchaser and manufacturer, by which a particular appliance can be matched to the intended service. It also is the system used to provide a means of establishing rational bases for the design of structures

21、and machinery. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 4301-1:2016BS ISO 4301-1:2016Cranes Classification Part 1: General1 ScopeThis part of ISO 4301 establishes a general classification of cranes and mechanisms based on the service conditions, mainly expressed by the following: the total number of wor

22、king cycles to be carried out during the specified design life of the crane; the load spectrum factor which represents the relative frequencies of loads to be handled; the average displacements.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this doc

23、ument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 4306 (all parts), Cranes Vocabulary3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the t

24、erms and definitions given in ISO 4306 apply.4 SymbolsThe main symbols used in this document are given in Table 1.Table 1 Main symbolsSymbol DescriptionA Classes for group classificationC Total number of working cyclesD Classes for average displacementKpLoad spectrum factorKcpLoad effect spectrum fa

25、ctor of componentsP P Individual load magnitudes (load levels) of the crane classesQpClasses Q of load spectrum factors KpQcpClasses Q of load effect spectrum factor Kcpof componentsU Classes of total numbers of working cycles CINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4301-1:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1

26、BS ISO 4301-1:2016ISO 4301-1:2016(E)5 Use of classification5.1 GeneralClassification has two applications in practice (see 5.2 and 5.3), which although related can be regarded as separate objectives.Determination of an appropriate life requires consideration of economic, technical and environmental

27、factors, and should have regard to the influence of obsolescence.5.2 Use of classification for commercial specificationThe classification is applied by the purchaser and the manufacturer of a crane and/or load lifting attachments, between which agreement is necessary on the duty of the crane. The cl

28、assification thus agreed is intended for contractual and technical reference purposes.It is also used to specify the service conditions of cranes, load lifting attachments, or components which are designed for serial manufacture and allows such items to be selected in accordance with their intended

29、use.The specified classification shall be documented in the crane manuals.5.3 Use of classification in the designThe second purpose of classification is to provide a basis for the designer to build up his analysis of the design and to verify that the crane or component is capable of achieving the in

30、tended life under the specified service conditions of the particular application.As a person skilled in crane technology, the designer takes the specified service conditions, either provided by the purchaser or predetermined by the manufacturer (as is the case in the design of serial equipment), and

31、 incorporates them into the assumptions on which his analysis is based, having regard to all other factors which influence the proportioning of components.Crane operation gives rise to stress or load histories in crane structures and components (e.g. wire ropes, slewing bearings, or wheels and rails

32、). These histories may be classified for the particular component. The method of determining this classification is set out in the appropriate standards, e.g. for structures in ISO 20332.6 Classification of crane duty for the crane as a whole6.1 GeneralCrane duties are determined by the following pa

33、rameters:a) the total number of working cycles during the design life;b) the relative frequencies of loads to be handled (load spectrum, state of loading);c) the average displacements.When the classified ranges of parameters are used, the design shall be based on the maximum values of the parameters

34、 within the specified classes. Use of an intermediate value for a parameter is permissible, but in that case this design value shall be determined and indicated instead of the class.6.2 Total number of crane working cyclesFor the purpose of classification, a crane working cycle is a sequence of move

35、ments which commences when the crane is ready to hoist the load and ends when the crane is ready to hoist the next load within 2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 4301-1:2016ISO 4301-1:2016(E)the same task. A task, r, can be characterized by a specific combination of crane configuration and sequenc

36、e of intended movements.In certain specific tasks for which cranes are used, for example, bulk unloading by grab, the number of cycles can readily be derived from a knowledge of the total number of working hours and the number of operating cycles per hour. In other cases, for example, mobile cranes,

37、 the number is less easy to determine because the crane is used in a variety of duties and it becomes necessary to estimate suitable values on the basis of experience. The total number of working cycles, C, is the sum total of all working cycles during the design life of the crane.The total number o

38、f crane working cycles during the design life of a crane can be separated into the numbers of working cycles corresponding to several typical tasks.The total number of crane working cycles is related to the frequency of use (e.g. daily) and the intended life (in years) of the crane. For convenience,

39、 the range of the total number of crane working cycles has been divided into 10 classes of utilization in Table 2.Table 2 Classes U of total numbers of crane working cycles, CClass of utilization Total number of crane working cycles, CU0C 1,6 104U11,6 104 C 3,15 104U23,15 104 C 6,3 104U36,3 104 C 1,

40、25 105U41,25 105 C 2,5 105U52,5 105 C 5 105U65 105 C 1 106U71 106 C 2 106U82 106 C 4 106U94 106 C 8 1066.3 State of loadingThe load spectrum factor, Kp, is one of the parameters used to specify the duty of the crane by describing the different net loads to be handled during the working movements. Th

41、e load spectrum factor takes into account the number of times a load of a particular magnitude, in relation to the rated capacity of the crane, is lifted.Six nominal values of load spectrum factor are listed in Table 3, each numerically representative of a corresponding nominal state of loading.Wher

42、e details of the numbers and masses of loads to be handled during the design life of the crane are not known, the selection of an appropriate nominal state of loading shall be agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser.Alternatively, where precise details are available of the magnitudes of the lo

43、ads and the number of times these will be handled during the design life of the crane, the load spectrum factor for a task may be calculated as follows. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 4301-1:2016ISO 4301-1:2016(E)The load spectrum factor, Kp, is given by Formula (1):KCCPPpiTimaxm=(1)whereCirep

44、resents the average number of load cycles which occur at the individual load levels, = C1, C2, C3. Cn;CTis the total of all the individual load cycles at all load levels, = Ci= C1+ C2+ C3. + Cn;Pirepresents the individual load magnitudes (load levels), = P1, P2, P3. PnPmaxis the heaviest load (rated

45、 load for hoists) that may be handled by the crane or its mechanism;m = 3.Expanded, Formula (1) becomes:KCCPPCCPPpTmax Tmax=+113223+ CCPPCCPP333TmaxnTnmax3(2)Where there are several tasks, r, a value Kpfor all tasks is obtained fromKCCKPPrprTrprmaxrmax=,3(3)where the subscript, r, indicates the valu

46、e for the respective task r.The load spectrum factor for the crane is then established by matching the calculated load spectrum factor to the closest (higher) nominal value of Kpin Table 3.Table 3 Classes Qpof load spectrum factors, KpState of loadingLoad spectrum factor KpRemarks on the use of cran

47、eQp0 Kp 0,031 3Cranes which hoist usually very light loads and the rated load very rarelyQp1 0,031 3 Kp 0,062 5Qp2 0,062 5 Kp 0,125Cranes which hoist the rated load occasionally and, normally, light loadsQp3 0,125 Kp 0,25Cranes which hoist the rated load fairly fre-quently and, normally, moderate lo

48、adsQp4 0,25 Kp 0,50Cranes which hoist the rated load frequently and, normally, heavy loadsQp5 0,50 Kp 1,00Cranes which are regularly loaded close to the rated loadNOTE The classes Qpdiffer from the classes Q of ISO 4301-1:1986.6.4 Group classificationHaving determined the class of utilization from T

49、able 2 and the state of loading from Table 3, they can be combined into a single group classification for the crane as a whole. The group classification is determined from Table 4.4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 4301-1:2016ISO 4301-1:2016(E)Table 4 Classes A for group classificationClasses Qpand load spectrum factor KpClasses U and tota