1、Plain bearings Terms, definitions, classification and symbolsPart 2: Friction and wearBS ISO 43782:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Plain bearings Terms, definitions, classification and symbols Part 2: Friction and wearPaliers lisses Terme
2、s, dfinitions, classification et symboles Partie 2: Frottement et usureINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO4378-2Third edition2017-07Reference numberISO 4378-2:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 43782:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 43782:2009, which is withdrawn.The UK pa
3、rticipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/12, Plain bearings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible
4、for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 92940 3ICS 21.100.10; 01.040.21Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Sta
5、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 43782:2017 ISO 2017Plain bearings Terms, definitions, classification and symbols Part 2: Friction and wearPaliers lisses Termes, dfinitions, classification et s
6、ymboles Partie 2: Frottement et usureINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO4378-2Third edition2017-07Reference numberISO 4378-2:2017(E)BS ISO 43782:2017ISO 4378-2:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified,
7、no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs mem
8、ber body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 43782:2017ISO 4378-2:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Publ
9、ished in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permiss
10、ion can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 4378-2:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroductio
11、n v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 1 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 43782:2017ISO 4378-2:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of p
12、reparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
13、in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/I
14、EC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibil
15、ity that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of pa
16、tent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to
17、conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcom
18、mittee SC 6, Terms and common items.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4378-2:2009), which has been technically revised. The following changes have been made: editorial revision of the document; addition of 6 new figures; revision of clause numbers.A list of all the part
19、s in the ISO 4378 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 43782:2017ISO 4378-2:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
20、Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, al
21、so take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.
22、In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the el
23、ements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations recei
24、ved (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
25、as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 6, Terms and
26、common items.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4378-2:2009), which has been technically revised. The following changes have been made: editorial revision of the document; addition of 6 new figures; revision of clause numbers.A list of all the parts in the ISO 4378 serie
27、s can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 4378-2:2017(E)IntroductionAs there is a large number of multiple designations in the domain of plain bearings, there is a considerable risk of error in the interpretation of standards and technical literature. This uncertainty lea
28、ds to the continuous addition of supplementary designations, which only serves to increase the misunderstanding.This document is an attempt to establish a uniform basic system of designations of friction and wear. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 43782:2017BS ISO 43782:2017Plain bearings Terms,
29、definitions, classification and symbols Part 2: Friction and wear1 ScopeThis document specifies the most commonly used terms relating to friction and wear of plain bearings with their definitions and classification.For some terms and word combinations, their short forms are given, which can be used
30、where they are unambiguous. Self-explanatory terms are given without definitions.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases
31、for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1 General terms3.1.1external frictionforce and its phenomenon of resistance to the relative motion betwee
32、n two bodies, originating at the contact area of their surfaces and directed tangentially to them3.1.2internal frictionforce and its phenomenon of resistance to the relative motion of particles or mass of a body with respect to other particles or mass in the same body INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4378
33、-2:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 43782:2017ISO 4378-2:2017(E)3.1.3frictionforce and its phenomenon of resistance to the relative motion working tangentially with respect to the common boundary between two bodies when, under the action of an external force, one body moves or is at rest
34、 relative to the surface of the otherNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1.KeyW weight of materialP normal forceF friction forceFigure 1 Friction3.1.4friction forceforce due to friction (3.1.3)Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.3.1.5coefficient of frictionratio of the friction force (3.1.4) between two bodies to
35、 the normal force pressing these bodies together3.1.6friction angleangle, the tangent of which is equal to the ratio of the friction force (3.1.4) to the normal force, or coefficient of friction (3.1.5)Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.3.1.7wearprocess of wear or the result of a wear process (3.1.8)3.1.
36、8wear processprocess of a loss of substance from a solid body surface in frictional conditions, which appears as a gradual decrease of body dimensions and/or change of shapeNote 1 to entry: Rarely, in a broader sense, is there a process of permanent increase of body dimensions on the surface without
37、 loss of substance.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 43782:2017ISO 4378-2:2017(E)3.1.3frictionforce and its phenomenon of resistance to the relative motion working tangentially with respect to the common boundary between two bodies when, under the action of an external force, one body moves or is
38、 at rest relative to the surface of the otherNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1.KeyW weight of materialP normal forceF friction forceFigure 1 Friction3.1.4friction forceforce due to friction (3.1.3)Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.3.1.5coefficient of frictionratio of the friction force (3.1.4) between two b
39、odies to the normal force pressing these bodies together3.1.6friction angleangle, the tangent of which is equal to the ratio of the friction force (3.1.4) to the normal force, or coefficient of friction (3.1.5)Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.3.1.7wearprocess of wear or the result of a wear process (3.
40、1.8)3.1.8wear processprocess of a loss of substance from a solid body surface in frictional conditions, which appears as a gradual decrease of body dimensions and/or change of shapeNote 1 to entry: Rarely, in a broader sense, is there a process of permanent increase of body dimensions on the surface
41、 without loss of substance.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 4378-2:2017(E)3.1.9wear rateamount of wear (3.1.7) per unit sliding distance or per interval of timeNote 1 to entry: A distinction is made between “momentary” (at a definite moment) and “mean” wear rate (during a definite interval of time
42、).3.1.10specific wear ratewear intensityvalue of amount of wear (3.1.7) divided by the product of sliding distance (or time) and load; that is, the ratio of wear rate (3.1.9) to the loadNote 1 to entry: Wear can be expressed in the units of length, volume, mass, etc.Note 2 to entry: Wear intensity i
43、s distinguished as “momentary” or as “mean” wear intensity.3.2 Types and characteristics of external friction and classification3.2.1 Classification according to the presence of relative motion3.2.1.1static frictionfriction (3.1.3) and its phenomena that occur between two contacting bodies before th
44、e start of relative motion under increasing external forceNote 1 to entry: Friction that occurs at an extremely low sliding speed is also referred to as static friction.Note 2 to entry: See Figure 2.Keyf frictionL sliding distanceFigure 2 Friction according to relative motion3.2.1.2maximum static fr
45、ictionfriction (3.1.3) and its phenomena that occur between two contacting bodies just before the start of relative motion under gradually increasing external forceNote 1 to entry: See Figure 2. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 43782:2017ISO 4378-2:2017(E)3.2.1.3dynamic frictionfriction (3.1.3)
46、and its phenomena between two bodies in relative motionNote 1 to entry: See Figure 2.3.2.2 Classification according to the mode of relative motion3.2.2.1sliding motionrelative motion between two bodies in contact when the contact areas of both bodies move with different magnitudes and/or directions
47、of tangential velocity3.2.2.2sliding frictionforce and its phenomena of resistance to the sliding motion (3.2.2.1) between two bodiesNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1.3.2.2.3sliding velocitydifference between tangential velocities of two bodies in contact, at their contact point, during sliding3.2.2.4sl
48、iding surfacebody surface subjected to sliding motion (3.2.2.1)3.2.2.5rolling motionrelative motion between two bodies in contact when the contact areas of both bodies move with the same magnitude and direction of tangential velocity3.2.2.6rolling velocityrevolutional velocity of rolling bodies3.2.2
49、.7rolling frictionforce and its phenomena of resistance to the rolling motion (3.2.2.5) between two bodies3.2.2.8combined rolling and sliding frictiondynamic friction (3.2.1.3) that occurs between two contacting bodies when rolling and sliding motion (3.2.2.1) take place simultaneously within the contact area3.2.2.9tractionforce and its phenomena that occur during the rolling motion (3.2.2.5) of a body on another body, accompanied by sliding at the contact area in the tangential direction, and
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