BS ISO 4992-1-2008 Steel castings - Ultrasonic examination - Steel castings for general purposes《钢铸件 超声波检验 通用钢铸件》.pdf

1、BS ISO4992-1:2006ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.80NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSteel castings Ultrasonic examinationPart 1: Steel castings for generalpurposesThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommi

2、ttee on 31 July 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 54660 0Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 4992-1:2006National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 4992-1:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/6, Steel

3、castings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunit

4、yfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 4992-1:2006Reference numberISO 4992-1:2006(E)ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO4992-1First edition2006-02-15Steel castings Ultrasonic examination Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes Pices moules en acier Contrle aux ultrasons Partie 1: Pices moules en acier pou

5、r usages gnraux BS ISO 4992-1:2006ISO 4992-1:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the comput

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8、entral Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IS

9、O at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedBS ISO 4992-1:2006ISO 4992-1

10、:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Requirements 2 4.1 Order information . 2 4.2 Extent of examination. 3 4.3 Maximum permissible size of discontinuities . 3 4.4 Personnel qualification 3 4.5 Wall-sect

11、ion zones 4 4.6 Severity levels . 4 5 Examination. 4 5.1 Principles. 4 5.2 Material 4 5.3 Equipment and coupling medium. 5 5.4 Preparation of casting surfaces for examination 5 5.5 Examination procedure 6 5.6 Examination report . 9 Annex A (informative) Sound-beam diameters . 16 Annex B (informative

12、) Types of indications 18 Bibliography . 30 BS ISO 4992-1:2006ISO 4992-1:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards

13、is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take pa

14、rt in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to

15、prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility th

16、at some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4992-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 11, Steel castings. ISO 4992 consists of the following parts

17、, under the general title Steel castings Ultrasonic examination: Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes Part 2: Steel castings for highly stressed components BS ISO 4992-1:2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4992-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1Steel castings Ultrasonic examination Part 1: S

18、teel castings for general purposes 1 Scope This part of ISO 4992 specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic examination of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique. This part of ISO 4992 app

19、lies to the ultrasonic examination of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and recording levels. This part of IS

20、O 4992 does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (i

21、ncluding any amendments) applies. ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic inspection Vocabulary ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Specification for calibration block No. 2 EN 583-1, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 1: General principles EN 583-2, Non-destru

22、ctive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting EN 583-5, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 5: Characterization and sizing of discontinuities EN 1330-4, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing EN 12223, Non-destructive

23、 testing Ultrasonic examination Specification for calibration block No. 1 EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 1: Instruments EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equi

24、pment Part 2: Probes EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 3: Combined equipment BS ISO 4992-1:2006ISO 4992-1:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and defini

25、tions given in ISO 5577, EN 583-1, EN 583-2, EN 583-5, and EN 1330-4, and the following, apply. 3.1 reference discontinuity echo size smallest indication to be recorded during the assessment phase of an ultrasonic examination, usually expressed as an equivalent flat-bottomed hole diameter 3.2 point

26、discontinuity discontinuity, the dimensions of which are smaller than or equal to the sound-beam width NOTE Dimensions in this part of ISO 4992 relate to length, width and/or dimension in the through-wall direction. 3.3 complex discontinuity discontinuity, the dimensions of which are larger than the

27、 sound-beam width NOTE Dimensions in this part of ISO 4992 relate to length, width and/or dimension in the through-wall direction. 3.4 planar discontinuity discontinuity having two measurable dimensions 3.5 volumetric discontinuity discontinuity having three measurable dimensions 3.6 special rim zon

28、e outer rim-zone part with special requirements NOTE Examples of special requirements are machined surfaces, higher stresses and sealing surfaces. 3.7 production welding any welding carried out during manufacturing before final delivery to the purchaser 3.7.1 joint welding production welding used to

29、 assemble components together to obtain an integral unit 3.7.2 finishing welding production welding carried out in order to ensure the agreed quality of the casting 4 Requirements 4.1 Order information The following information shall be available at the time of enquiry and order (see also EN 583-1):

30、 the areas of the casting and the number or percentage of castings to which the ultrasonic examination requirements apply (examination volume, extent of examination); the severity level to be applied to the various zones or areas of the casting (acceptance criteria); BS ISO 4992-1:2006ISO 4992-1:200

31、6(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 requirements for a written examination procedure; whether there are any additional requirements for the examination procedure, see also 5.5.1. 4.2 Extent of examination The casting shall be examined so that the agreed areas are totally covered (insofar as this is

32、possible from the shape of the casting) by the use of the best applicable examination technique. For wall thicknesses greater than 600 mm, agreement shall be made between the parties concerned on the examination procedure and also on the recording and acceptance levels. 4.3 Maximum permissible size

33、of discontinuities 4.3.1 Limits of acceptance for planar discontinuities mainly orientated perpendicular to the surface The limits of acceptance for planar discontinuities are given in Figure 1. Indications with measurable dimensions are not permissible as severity level 1. The largest dimension in

34、the through-wall direction shall not exceed 10 % of wall thickness, except indications with a measurable length u 10 mm. Such indications shall not exceed a dimension in the through-wall direction of 25 % of wall thickness or 20 mm. The greatest distance between indications, as a criterion for evalu

35、ation as a single indication or indication area perpendicular or lateral to the surface, shall be 10 mm. For an area with a measurable length and non-measurable dimension in the through-wall direction, this non-measurable dimension shall be taken as 3 mm and the area shall be calculated as follows:

36、A = 3 L (1) where A is the area of indication, in square millimetres; 3 is the width taken, in millimetres; L is the measurable length, in millimetres. 4.3.2 Limits of acceptance for volumetric discontinuities The limits of acceptance for volumetric discontinuities are given in Table 1. Any disconti

37、nuity exceeding one of the criteria shall be considered as unacceptable. 4.3.3 Maximum permissible discontinuities in the case of radiographic examination of the casting carried out as a supplement to ultrasonic examination Unless otherwise agreed by the time of enquiry and order, when, after conduc

38、ting the radiographic and the ultrasonic examination in combination, it has been demonstrated that a discontinuity is situated in the core zone, this additional information makes the discontinuity acceptable at one level less severe, e.g. severity level 3 instead of 2 for radiographic examination, s

39、ee EN 1559-2. 4.4 Personnel qualification It is assumed that ultrasonic examination is performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order to prove this qualification, it is recommended to certify personnel according to ISO 9712 or EN 473. BS ISO 4992-1:2006ISO 4992-1:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All right

40、s reserved4.5 Wall-section zones The wall section shall be divided into zones as shown in Figure 2. These sections relate to the dimensions of the casting ready for assembly (finish machined). 4.6 Severity levels If the purchaser specifies different severity levels in different areas of the same cas

41、ting, all of these areas shall be clearly identified on the purchasers drawing and shall include: all necessary dimensions for accurate location of zones; the full extent of all weld preparations and the thickness of any special rim zone. Severity level 1 is only applied to weld preparations and spe

42、cial rim zones. Unless other requirements have been agreed by the time of acceptance of the order, for finishing welds, the requirements for the parent metal shall apply. 5 Examination 5.1 Principles The principles of ultrasonic examination given in EN 583-1, EN 583-2 and EN 583-5 shall apply. 5.2 M

43、aterial The suitability of material for ultrasonic examination is assessed by comparison with the echo height of a reference reflector (usually the first backwall echo) and the noise signal. This assessment shall be carried out on selected casting areas which are representative of the surface finish

44、 and of the total thickness range. The assessment areas shall have parallel surfaces. The reference echo height according to Table 2 shall be at least 6 dB above the noise signal. If the echo height of this smallest detectable flat-bottomed or equivalent side-drilled hole diameter at the end of the

45、test range to be assessed is less than 6 dB above the grass level, then the ultrasonic testability is reduced. In this case, the flat-bottomed or side-drilled hole diameter which can be detected with a signal-noise ratio of at least 6 dB shall be noted in the test report, and the additional procedur

46、e shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. NOTE For the definition of an adequate flat-bottomed hole size, the distance gain size system (DGS) or a test block of identical material, heat treatment condition and section thickness containing flat-bottomed holes with a diameter accor

47、ding to Table 2 or equivalent side-drilled holes, can be used. The following formula is used for converting the flat-bottomed hole diameter into the side-drilled hole diameter: 24FBHQ4,935 DDs=(2) where DQis the side-drilled hole diameter, in millimetres; DFBHis the flat-bottomed hole diameter, in m

48、illimetres; is the wave length, in millimetres; s is the path length, in millimetres. BS ISO 4992-1:2006ISO 4992-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5The formula is applicable for DQW 2 and s W 5 near-field length and is only defined for single element probes. 5.3 Equipment and coupling medium 5.

49、3.1 Ultrasonic instrument The ultrasonic instrument shall meet the requirements given in EN 12668-1 and shall have the following characteristics: range setting, from at least 10 mm to 2 m continuously selectable, for longitudinal and transverse waves transmitted in steel; gain, adjustable in 2 dB maximum steps over a range of at least 80 dB with a measuring accuracy of 1 dB; time-base and vertical linearities less than 5 % of the adjustment range of the