BS ISO 5149-1-2014 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements Definitions classification and selection criteria《制冷系统和热泵 安全和环境要求 定义 分类和选择标准》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 5149-1:2014Refrigerating systems andheat pumps Safety andenvironmental requirementsPart 1: Definitions, classification andselection criteriaCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction

2、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 5149-1:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RHE/18, Refrigeration safety.A list of organization

3、s represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 9

4、78 0 580 69105 8ICS 27.080; 27.200Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f

5、e c t e dCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014 ISO 2014Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements Part 1:

6、 Definitions, classification and selection criteriaSystmes frigorifiques et pompes chaleur Exigences de scurit et denvironnement Partie 1: Dfinitions, classification et critres de choixINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO5149-1First edition2014-04-15Reference numberISO 5149-1:2014(E)Copyright British Standards

7、 Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014ISO 5149-1:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise spe

8、cified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or

9、ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled

10、 Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014ISO 5149-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 23.1 Refrigerating system 23.2 Location . 3

11、3.3 Pressure 43.4 Components of refrigerating system 53.5 Piping, joint, and fitting . 63.6 Safety device 73.7 Fluid 93.8 Heat transfer circuit . 103.9 Refrigerant disposal 103.10 Miscellaneous 114 Abbreviated terms .115 Classification .125.1 Occupancies classification 125.2 Systems classification .

12、 125.3 Location classification of refrigerating systems 175.4 Refrigerant classification 186 Quantity of refrigerant per occupied space.187 Space volume calculations.188 Heat-transfer fluid .198.1 General 198.2 Ingestion 198.3 Water and soil contamination . 198.4 Personal exposure (toxicity) 198.5 P

13、ressure . 198.6 Marking 198.7 Freezing point . 198.8 Decomposition point 208.9 Flash point . 208.10 Auto-ignition temperature . 208.11 Thermal expansion . 208.12 Corrosion protection . 20Annex A (normative) Location of refrigerating systems .21Annex B (normative) Safety classification and informatio

14、n about refrigerants .30Annex C (informative) Potential hazards for refrigerating systems .40Annex D (informative) Equivalent terms in English and French 42Bibliography .45Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction

15、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014ISO 5149-1:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

16、 through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO col

17、laborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different appro

18、val criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the su

19、bject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any tra

20、de name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Te

21、chnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISOISO/TC 86, Refrigeration and air-conditioning, Subcommittee SC 1, Safety and environmental requirements for refrigerating systems.ISO 5149-1, together with ISO

22、 5149-2, ISO 5149-3, and ISO 5149-4, cancels and replaces ISO 5149:1993, which has been technically revised.ISO 5149 consists of the following parts, under the general title Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements: Part 1: Definitions, classification and selection

23、criteria Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation Part 3: Installation site Part 4: Operation, maintenance, repair and recoveryiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo re

24、production or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014ISO 5149-1:2014(E)IntroductionThe purpose of this International Standard is to promote the safe design, construction, disposal, installation, and operation of refrigerating systems.The industry response to the chlorofl

25、uorocarbon (CFC) issue has accelerated the introduction of alternative refrigerants. The entry of new refrigerants and blends in the market and the introduction of new safety classifications prompted the revision of this International Standard.This International Standard is directed to the safety of

26、 persons and property on or near the premises where refrigeration facilities are located. It includes specifications for fabricating a tight system.This International Standard is intended to minimize possible hazards to persons, property, and environment from refrigerating systems and refrigerants.

27、These hazards are essentially associated with the physical and chemical characteristics of refrigerants as well as the pressures and temperatures occurring in the refrigeration cycles (see Annex A).Attention is drawn to hazards common to all compression systems, such as high temperature at discharge

28、, liquid slugging, erroneous operation, or reduction in mechanical strength caused by corrosion, erosion, thermal stress, fatigue stresses, liquid hammer, or vibration.Corrosion, however, should have special consideration as specific conditions to refrigerating systems arise due to the alternate fro

29、sting and defrosting or the covering of equipment by insulation.Commonly used refrigerants except R-717 are heavier than air. Care should be taken to avoid stagnant pockets of heavy refrigerant vapours by proper location of ventilation inlet and exhaust openings. All machinery rooms are required to

30、have mechanical ventilation controlled by oxygen deficiency alarms or refrigerant vapour alarms. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from

31、 IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirement

32、s Part 1: Definitions, classification and selection criteria1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the requirements for the safety of persons and property, provides guidance for the protection of the environment, and establishes procedures for the operation, maintenance, and repair of refriger

33、ating systems and the recovery of refrigerants.This part of ISO 5149 specifies the classification and selection criteria applicable to the refrigerating systems and heat pumps. These classification and selection criteria are used in ISO 5149-2, ISO 5149-3, and ISO 5149-4.This part of ISO 5149 applie

34、s to:a) refrigerating systems, stationary or mobile, of all sizes including heat pumps;b) secondary cooling or heating systems;c) the location of the refrigerating systems;d) replaced parts and added components after adoption of this part of ISO 5149 if they are not identical in function and in the

35、capacity.This part of ISO 5149 applies to fixed or mobile systems, except to vehicle air conditioning systems covered by a specific product standard, e.g. ISO 13043 and SAE J 639.This part of ISO 5149 is applicable to new refrigerating systems, extensions or modifications of already existing systems

36、, and for used systems, being transferred to and operated on another site.This part of ISO 5149 also applies in the case of the conversion of a system to another refrigerant.Annex A specifies the limits for the quantity of refrigerant charge permitted in systems in various locations and occupancy cl

37、asses.Annex B specifies the criteria for safety and environmental considerations of different refrigerants used in refrigeration and air conditioning.Systems containing refrigerants which are not listed in ISO 817 are not covered in this part of ISO 5149.2 Normative referencesThe following documents

38、, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 817:2014, Refrigerants Desi

39、gnation and safety classificationISO 5149-2:2014, Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5149-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1Copyright British Standards Institution

40、 Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014ISO 5149-1:2014(E)ISO 5149-3:2014, Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements Part 3: Installation site3 Te

41、rms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 817 and the following apply.3.1 Refrigerating system3.1.1absorption systemrefrigerating system in which refrigeration is effected by evaporation of a refrigerant, the vapour then being absorbed or adsorbed b

42、y an absorbent or adsorbent medium, respectively, from which it is subsequently expelled at a higher partial vapour pressure by heating and then liquefied by cooling3.1.2cascade systemtwo or more independent refrigerant circuits where the condenser of one system rejects heat directly to the evaporat

43、or of another3.1.3direct releasable systemsystem with one degree of separation from an occupied spaceNote 1 to entry: Systems in which the secondary coolant is in contact with the air or the goods to be cooled or heated (e.g. spray systems) are direct releasable systems.Note 2 to entry: For the purp

44、ose of this part of ISO 5149, direct and indirect systems are defined with respect to the potential to leak refrigerant into an occupied space. When the system does not serve an occupied space, it can be classed as direct or indirect depending on the system design.3.1.4indirect systemsystems with mo

45、re than one degree of separation from the occupied space3.1.5double indirect systemindirect system for which the heat-transfer medium passes through a second heat exchanger located externally to the space, and cools or heats a second heat-transfer medium fluid, which is brought into direct contact w

46、ith the substance concerned (e.g. by sprays or similar means)3.1.6limited charge systemrefrigerating system in which the internal volume and total refrigerant charge are such that, with the system idle, the allowable pressure is not exceeded when complete evaporation of the refrigerant occurs3.1.7hi

47、gh-pressure sidepart of a refrigerating system operating approximately at the condenser pressure3.1.8low-pressure sidepart of a refrigerating system operating approximately at the evaporator pressure2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license w

48、ith BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 5149-1:2014ISO 5149-1:2014(E)3.1.9refrigerating system (heat pump)combination of interconnected refrigerant-containing parts constituting one closed circuit in which the refrigerant is circulated for the purpose of extracting and rejecting heat (i.e. cooling and heating)Note 1 to entry: Refrigerating is used to refer to the on-going process, while refrigeration is used to refer to something that is completed, such as the equ