BS ISO 5630-6-2009 Paper and board - Accelerated ageing - Exposure to atmospheric pollution (nitrogen dioxide)《纸和纸板 加速老化 暴露在大气污染物(二氧化氮)中》.pdf

1、BS ISO5630-6:2009ICS 85.060NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPaper and board Accelerated ageingPart 6: Exposure to atmosphericpollution (nitrogen dioxide)This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommi

2、ttee on 31 October2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 56869 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 5630-6:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 5630-6:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Met

3、hods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British

4、 Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 5630-6:2009Reference numberISO 5630-6:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO5630-6First edition2009-06-01Paper and board Accelerated ageing Part 6: Exposure to atmospheric pollution (nitrogen dioxide) Papier et carton Vieillissement ac

5、clr Partie 6: Exposition la pollution atmosphrique (dioxyde dazote) BS ISO 5630-6:2009ISO 5630-6:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are

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8、problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, i

9、ncluding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Pub

10、lished in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 5630-6:2009ISO 5630-6:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Reagents 2 6 Apparatus 2 7 Sampling 3 8 Conditioning 3

11、 9 Preparation of test specimens for ageing 4 10 Procedure 4 10.1 Ageing 4 10.2 Testing of aged and unaged test specimens. 4 11 Calculation. 4 12 Test report . 5 Annex A (informative) Interpretation and limitations of ageing tests. 6 Annex B (informative) ASTM permission statement. 7 Bibliography .

12、8 BS ISO 5630-6:2009ISO 5630-6:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO techni

13、cal committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely w

14、ith the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Int

15、ernational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document m

16、ay be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5630-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board. ISO 5630 consists of t

17、he following parts, under the general title Paper and board Accelerated ageing: Part 1: Dry heat treatment at 105 C Part 3: Moist heat treatment at 80 C and 65 % relative humidity Part 4: Dry heat treatment at 120 or 150 C Part 5: Exposure to elevated temperature at 100 C Part 6: Exposure to atmosph

18、eric pollution (nitrogen dioxide) NOTE Part 2: Moist heat treatment at 90 C and 25 % relative humidity was withdrawn in 1992. BS ISO 5630-6:2009ISO 5630-6:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction Exposure of paper or board to a hostile environment, such as some type of radiation, elevated

19、temperature or chemical pollutant, over a period of hours, can provide information concerning the natural changes that can occur in the material over a period of years. This test method for accelerated ageing by exposure of paper to an elevated concentration of nitrogen dioxide is based on the metho

20、d developed by ASTM1following an extensive research program. In this program, 15 printing and writing papers were tested, representing a wide variety of paper types (acid and alkaline, lignin-containing and lignin-free, and those with and without an alkaline reserve such as calcium carbonate). This

21、method proved to be the one most relevant to judge the effects of atmospheric pollutant gases on the long-term mechanical strength and optical stability of such papers. To get a full understanding of the stability of the paper to long-term natural ageing effects, a combination of test methods for ac

22、celerated ageing is used. BS ISO 5630-6:2009BS ISO 5630-6:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5630-6:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Paper and board Accelerated ageing Part 6: Exposure to atmospheric pollution (nitrogen dioxide) 1 Scope This part of ISO 5630 specifies a method for accelerating the

23、ageing of printing and writing papers through exposure to nitrogen dioxide gas and assessing the effect on mechanical and optical properties for the purpose of predicting stability to long-term natural ageing that occurs due to exposure to polluted air. It is applicable to all cellulose-based printi

24、ng and writing papers, including coated papers and filled papers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docum

25、ent (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 5626, Paper Determination of folding end

26、urance ISO 5631-1, Paper and board Determination of colour by diffuse reflectance Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (C/2) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 pollutant gas nitrogen dioxide gas 3.2 polluted air mixture of dry air

27、and a volume fraction of 0,005 % 0,000 2 % of nitrogen dioxide BS ISO 5630-6:2009ISO 5630-6:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved4 Principle Sheets of paper are aged at an accelerated rate by exposing them to polluted air comprising an elevated concentration of nitrogen dioxide gas. This air is cir

28、culated uniformly around the external surfaces of the paper in a controlled manner and for a specified period of time. The gas reacts chemically with the ingredients of the paper and causes changes in its physical strength and optical properties. By comparing the fold number and the b* CIE 1976 (L*a

29、*b*) colour space coordinate before and after ageing, a measure of the stability of paper strength and optical properties is obtained. 5 Reagents 5.1 Dry air, of high quality, purified, for control of the gas concentration in the ageing chamber. 5.2 Nitrogen dioxide, of high quality, pure, obtained

30、from an industrial supplier. WARNING Nitrogen dioxide is a highly toxic gas at the concentrations specified in this test method. Follow the manufacturers safety data sheets for the safety of personnel performing this test. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Gas delivery system, capable of delivering the required mixtu

31、re (see 3.2) of nitrogen dioxide gas (5.2) and dry air (5.1) to the ageing chamber at the required rate. Recalibrate the nitrogen dioxide concentration and flow-monitoring instruments with sufficient frequency to ensure continual delivery of the required gas flow. 6.2 Ageing chamber, of a material r

32、esistant to corrosive gases, having a volume sufficient to contain the number of individual paper sheets required for testing (10.2) without them touching each other or the chamber walls, with length, depth and width roughly equal, having no windows and allowing a uniform flow of the polluted air to

33、 all surfaces of the paper sheets. NOTE In the ASTM study, a chamber volume of 0,6 m3was found to be adequate for exposing sheets approximately 210 mm 300 mm (see Reference 1 in the Bibliography). 6.3 Four fixed horizontal hangers and four removable support bars, of a size which fully utilizes the a

34、geing chamber (6.2) whilst preventing the paper from touching the chamber walls, and designed such that the removable bars can be easily moved in and out of the chamber. The support bars are located such that they prevent wrinkling of the paper sheets but do not impose a load on them. Figure 1 shows

35、 a paper sheet with holes in all four corners, supported by the removable bars. 6.4 Gas control system, that ensures precise flow of the polluted air (3.2) into the ageing chamber. The design of the apparatus shall be such that the gas concentration entering or already in the ageing chamber can be m

36、onitored and recorded with appropriate equipment and instruments. NOTE A method for monitoring and recording the gas concentration is described in Paper aging ASTMs Paper Aging Research Report Program1. 6.5 System for controlling relative humidity and temperature, that measures and controls the rela

37、tive humidity and temperature of the polluted air entering or already in the ageing chamber. BS ISO 5630-6:2009ISO 5630-6:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3Key 1 front horizontal hangers 2 rear horizontal hangers 3 support bars (removable) 4 paper sheet Figure 1 Paper sheet mounted in the ageing

38、 chamber 6.6 Exhaust system for polluted air, that permits the gas to be continuously removed. The design should be such that the amount removed each hour is equal to approximately 5 % of the volume in the chamber. This is to ensure that there is no build-up in the chamber of products of degradation

39、 emitted from the paper during the period of exposure. NOTE Safety systems are required in the workspace surrounding the ageing chamber to ensure that any gas that might escape from the system will be thoroughly and quickly removed from the workspace in a manner that is safe and environmentally soun

40、d. 7 Sampling Always handle the paper samples with clean cotton gloves. If the average quality of a lot is to be determined, sampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 186. If another type of sample is to be tested, make sure that the specimens taken are representative of the sample receiv

41、ed. Select sufficient sheets of adequate size for testing the fold number and colour of aged and unaged specimens (10.2). Randomize the specimens. 8 Conditioning Immediately prior to the ageing period, condition the specimens in the dark, including those which will not be aged, in accordance with IS

42、O 187. The specimens that will not be aged shall be kept in the dark in the same standard atmosphere until their properties are tested. BS ISO 5630-6:2009ISO 5630-6:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved9 Preparation of test specimens for ageing Carry out the preparation of the test specimens in the

43、 same atmosphere as that used for conditioning (Clause 8). The test specimens shall be of a size suitable for hanging in the ageing chamber (6.2) without touching the chamber walls. If the specimens are too large, reduce them to a suitable size. Punch holes in all four corners of the test specimens

44、which will be subjected to accelerated ageing, such that when mounted on the support bars no load is imposed on them and they are kept free of wrinkles. 10 Procedure 10.1 Ageing Insert the support bars through the test specimens and mount the support bars and test specimens on the horizontal hangers

45、 in the ageing chamber (6.2). Suspend the test specimens such that no two specimens touch each other and none touches the ageing chamber walls. Expose the test specimens for 120 h 0,5 h to a flow of polluted air containing 0,005 % 0,000 2 % by volume of nitrogen dioxide (5.2) in dry air (5.1), broug

46、ht to the same relative humidity and temperature as that used for conditioning (Clause 8). The flow rate shall be such that the volume of polluted air passing through the ageing chamber per hour is equal to approximately 5 % of the volume of the chamber. Do not insert additional test specimens into

47、the ageing chamber or remove test specimens from it during the period of exposure. The ageing chamber shall be kept in the same standard atmosphere as used for conditioning (Clause 8) for the whole exposure period. NOTE During the first hour, approximately, the gas concentration in the ageing chambe

48、r will be reaching equilibrium. 10.2 Testing of aged and unaged test specimens Immediately after ageing, condition the aged test specimens in the dark in the same atmosphere as used for the initial conditioning (Clause 8), according to ISO 187, but omitting preconditioning. From the aged and unaged

49、test specimens, cut test pieces for testing the fold number and colour. Determine the fold number in the machine direction (MD) in accordance with ISO 5626 and the b* CIE 1976 (L*a*b*) colour space coordinate in accordance with ISO 5631-1, of both the aged and unaged test specimens. 11 Calculation Calculate the MD fold numbers and the mean values of the b* CIE 1976 (L*a*b*) colour space coordinate according to the instructions in the relevant International Standard. Calculate the rete