BS ISO 5667-4-2016 Water quality Sampling Guidance on sampling from lakes natural and man-made《水质 取样 天然湖水和人工湖水取样导则》.pdf

1、BS ISO 5667-4:2016W a t e r q u a l i t y S a m p l i n gPart 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes,natural and man-madeBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 5667-4:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of

2、ISO 5667-4:2016.It supersedes BS 6068-6.4:1987 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/3/6, Sampling (of technical committee EH/3 - Waterquality).A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary

3、.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 80273 7ICS 13.060.10; 13.060.45Compliance with a British Standard ca

4、nnot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 5667-4:2016 ISO 2016Water quality Sampling Part 4: Guidanc

5、e on sampling from lakes, natural and man-madeQualit de leau chantillonnage Partie 4: Lignes directrices pour lchantillonnage des eaux des lacs naturels et des lacs artificielsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO5667-4Second edition2016-07-01Reference numberISO 5667-4:2016(E)BS ISO 5667-4:2016ISO 5667-4:2016(E

6、)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or postin

7、g on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 7

8、49 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 5667-4:2016ISO 5667-4:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Sampling equipment 24.1 Material selection . 24.2 Cleaning . 34.3 Maintenance 35 Design of the sampling programme . 36 Sampling procedure 46.1 General . 4

9、6.2 Sampling location . 46.2.1 General 46.2.2 Horizontal distribution of sampling positions . 46.2.3 Vertical distribution of sampling points 56.3 Frequency and timing of sampling 56.4 Choice of sampling method 56.5 Choice of the sampling device 56.6 Aids for recovery of lost sampling equipment . 66

10、.7 Blank sample 66.8 Transport, stabilization and keeping of samples 67 Occupational health and safety . 68 Sample containers 69 Priority of procedure . 610 Sample collection, contamination with environmental materials . 811 Rinsing the sampling equipment 912 Sampling surface or near-surface water w

11、ith an open sampling device . 912.1 General . 912.2 Sampling . 912.3 Filling multiple containers 913 Sampling with closed samplers1014 Sampling for volatile parameters 1015 Sampling through ice 1016 Severe freezing conditions 1017 Sample identification and records 1118 Quality assurance and quality

12、control 1118.1 General 1118.2 Avoidance of contamination . 12Annex A (informative) Examples of sampling devices 14Annex B (informative) Advantages and disadvantages of sampling equipment 28Annex C (informative) Sampling from boats Maintaining station .29Annex D (informative) Example of a report Samp

13、ling from lakes, natural and man-made 31Annex E (informative) Continuous measurement of water samples with immersion probes 32Bibliography .34 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 5667-4:2016ISO 5667-4:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldw

14、ide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on th

15、at committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this docu

16、ment and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directiv

17、es, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the developmen

18、t of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specif

19、ic terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC

20、147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Sampling (general methods).This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5667-4:1987), which has been technically revised.ISO 5667 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality Sampling: Part 1: Guidance on the design

21、of sampling programmes and sampling techniques Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water from treatment works and piped distribution systems Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers an

22、d streams Part 7: Guidance on sampling of water and steam in boiler plants Part 8: Guidance on the sampling of wet deposition Part 9: Guidance on sampling from marine waters Part 10: Guidance on sampling of waste waters Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters Part 12: Guidance on sampling of b

23、ottom sediments Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludges Part 14: Guidance on quality assurance and quality control of environmental water sampling and handlingiv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 5667-4:2016ISO 5667-4:2016(E) Part 15: Guidance on the preservation and handling of sludge and sedimen

24、t samples Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples Part 17: Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended solids Part 19: Guidance on sampling of marine sediments Part 20: Guidance on the use of sampling data for decision making Compliance with thresholds and classification systems Part 21: Guidance on s

25、ampling of drinking water distributed by tankers or means other than distribution pipes Part 22: Guidance on the design and installation of groundwater monitoring points Part 23: Guidance on passive sampling in surface waters Part 24: Guidelines for the auditing of water quality sampling ISO 2016 Al

26、l rights reserved vBS ISO 5667-4:2016BS ISO 5667-4:2016Water quality Sampling Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made1 ScopeThis part of ISO 5667 gives guidelines for the design of sampling programmes, techniques and the handling and preservation of samples of water, from natur

27、al and man-made lakes during open-water and ice-covered conditions. This part of ISO 5667 is applicable to lakes with and without aquatic vegetation.Guidance on sampling for microbiological examination is not included.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normativel

28、y referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 5667-1, Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of

29、 sampling programmes and sampling techniquesISO 5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samplesISO 5667-14, Water quality Sampling Part 14: Guidance on quality assurance and quality control of environmental water sampling and handlingISO 7027, Water quality Determin

30、ation of turbidity3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1grab samplesingle discrete sample collected from a body of water at a specific time, location and depth3.2depth profile samplestwo or more discrete samples collected at two or mor

31、e depths at a specific time and location on a lake3.3area profile samplestwo or more discrete samples collected from the same depth at two or more locations on a lake3.4composite sampletwo or more depth profile (3.2) or area profile samples (3.3) that are combined to form a single sample prior to me

32、asurement of water quality parameters3.5integrated samplesingle sample collected by a tube or similar sampler that collects a water sample across a range of depthsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5667-4:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 5667-4:2016ISO 5667-4:2016(E)3.6in-situ measurementmeasure

33、ment of a water quality parameter made within a body of water, not requiring collection of a water sampleNote 1 to entry: The measurement is generally taken by use of an electronic probe.3.7ex-situ measurementmeasurement of a water quality parameter made outside a body of water, and requiring collec

34、tion and possibly transport of a water sample prior to measurement3.8open sampling deviceopen-mouthed vessel, including beakers, buckets, containers or tubes, used for sampling at or near the water surface (1 m depth)Note 1 to entry: Open sampling devices are not suitable for sampling for volatile p

35、arameters or dissolved gases.3.9closed sampling devicevertically or horizontally aligned hollow-bodied tube, pipe, box or container fitted with shutters, valves, stoppers or other devices that prevent entry of air into and/or enclosure of air with the water sample and the exchange of water between t

36、he collected sample and the surrounding water columnNote 1 to entry: Closed sampling devices are used for collecting water samples from deeper waters or for collection of water samples for the analysis of volatile parameters and dissolved gases.3.10sampling polepole or rod with a terminal apparatus

37、that accepts an open or closed sampling device (3.9) and that is used to extend the reach of samplers3.11sampling ironweighted container holder attached to a line and used to extend the reach of samplers or to submerse a sample container to a specific depth3.12pumping devicehand or motor operated su

38、ction or submersible pumps, or pneumatic ejection samplers used for collection of samples from defined depths or a series of depths3.13filling devicefunnel, ladle, churn sample splitter or other device used to transfer sample water from a sampling device to a sampling container3.14negative controlqu

39、ality control sample that is used to ensure a negative response4 Sampling equipment4.1 Material selectionSampling probes, devices and other equipment should be chosen, as far as possible, which do not give rise to any interaction between the water and the material composition. The equipment and devi

40、ces to be used should be checked at random for the presence of emission, absorption and adsorption of substances or influence of properties that are to be determined in the samples to be taken. Examples of 2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 5667-4:2016ISO 5667-4:2016(E)common sampling equipment ar

41、e summarized in Annex A. Advantages and disadvantages of sampling equipment are provided in Annex B. If a boat, marine vessel or any floatation device is used, care shall be taken so that it does not result in contamination of the samples. Additional details regarding sampling from a vessel are summ

42、arized in Annex C. A winch with steel rope and counter is advisable for deeper lakes. This ensures the required sinking and resurfacing velocity of the sampling devices. Any solvents, chemicals or fuels should be stored in sealed non-permeable containers. For example, the use of electric motors on s

43、mall boats can be of value in eliminating the risk of contamination by combustion exhaust and engine lubricants. ISO 5667-14 provides guidance for checking the uptake and emission of the substances to be measured by equipment and devices that are used for sampling.4.2 CleaningA proper quality assura

44、nce and quality control (QA/QC) system should be in place to prevent contamination and detect any contamination that could affect analytical results. All equipment and devices should be regularly mechanically and, if appropriate, chemically cleaned, both internally and externally, to prevent contami

45、nation of water samples.4.3 MaintenanceWhere equipment uses mechanical or other triggering devices, these mechanisms should be regularly tested. Electronic devices and probes should be tested and calibrated according to the manufacturers recommendations. A log of testing and calibration dates and re

46、sults should be maintained.5 Design of the sampling programmeProper sampling is critical to ensure the quality of the investigation and resulting data. Developing a detailed sampling strategy prior to collecting samples will minimize any sampling errors and will provide the most representative sampl

47、e for analysis. General aspects that should be considered in a sampling programme are summarized in ISO 5667-1. These include, but are not limited to, the following:a) purpose of the investigation;b) parameters to be analysed for each sampling point;c) measurements to be carried out at the sampling

48、point as specified in the analytical method, e.g. temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, conductivity;d) frequency and times of sampling and type of sample;e) sampling site and the number and locations of sampling points;f) sampling equipment;g) quality assurance procedures to be followed;h)

49、transport preservation and storage of samples;i) hydrodynamic and morphologic characteristics of the water sampled;j) local circumstances such as water depth, vegetation, accessibility of location and other potential obstacles such as floating layers or sludge layers present;k) sampling depth(s);l) composition and quantity of the water to be sampled;m) safety considerations. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 5667-4:2016ISO 5667-4:2016(E)6 Sampling procedure6.1 GeneralAs recommended in ISO 5667-1,