BS ISO 6107-3-1993 Water quality - Vocabulary - Part 3《水质 词汇 第3部分》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 6107-3:1993 BS 6068-1.3: 1993 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 to BS 6068-1-3:1993 (renumbers the BS as BS ISO 6107-3:1993) and incorporating Amendment No. 1 to BS ISO 6107-3:1993 Water quality Vocabulary Part 3 UDC 514.777:001.4 BS ISO 6107-3:1993 This British Standard, having

2、been prepared under the direction of the Environment and Pollution Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1993 BSI 2 August 2002 First published June 1987 Second edition November 1993 The following BSI references rela

3、te to the work on this standard: Committee reference EPC/44 Draft for comment 91/57658 DC ISBN 0 580 22580 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Environment and Pollution Standards Policy Committee (EPC/-) to Technical Commit

4、tee EPC/44, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Scientists British Association for Chemical Specialities British Gas plc Chemical Industries Association Convention of Scottish Local Authorities Department of the Environment (Water Directorate) Department of th

5、e Environment for Northern Ireland Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Electricity Association Industrial Water Society Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Water and Environmental Management Institution of Water Officers National Rivers Authority Royal Ins

6、titute of Public Health Part 1: Glossary; Part 2: Physical, chemical and biochemical methods; Part 3: Radiological methods; Part 4: Microbiological methods; Part 5: Biological methods; Part 6: Sampling; Part 7: Precision and accuracy. As and when the different sections of BS 6068 are amended or revi

7、sed, they will be renumbered with the identifier of the corresponding international standard. For example, this standard has been renumbered from BS 6068-1.3:1993 to BS ISO 6107-3:1993. The BS 6068 identifier will remain but will be secondary to the international identifier. The terms included in Se

8、ction 1.1 are grouped under two main headings: “types of water” and “treatment and storage of water and waste water”. Section 1.2 covers additional terms relating to types of water and the treatment and storage of water and waste water as well as terms used in the sampling and analysis of water. Thi

9、s Section of BS 6068 and Section 1.3, Section 1.4, Section 1.5, Section 1.6, Section 1.7 include definitions for further water quality terms presented in alphabetical order. The intention is to combine eventually the separate Sections into one glossary with the terms in alphabetical order. Terms rel

10、ating to the treatment of water used in steam generation have been defined in appendices to BS 1170 and BS 2486. The equivalent terms in French, Russian and German mentioned in the note to the scope have been deleted from this standard. Additional information. The definitions is this vocabulary have

11、 been formulated to provide standardized terminology for the characterization of water quality. Terms included in this vocabulary may be identical to those contained in vocabularies published by other international organizations but the definitions may differ because they have been drafted for diffe

12、rent objectives. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front

13、cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS 6068-1.3:1993 BSI 02 August 2002 1 Scope This part of ISO 6107 defines a third list of terms used in c

14、ertain fields of water quality characterization. NOTE In addition to the terms and definitions in the three official ISO languages (English, French and Russian), this part of ISO 6107 gives the equivalent terms and their definitions in the German language; these have been included at the request of

15、ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 and are published under the responsibility of the member bodies of the Germany (DIN), Austria (ON) and Switzerland (SNV). However, only the terms and definitions in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms and definitions. 1 abstraction: The removal of

16、 water from any source, either permanently or temporarily, so that it a) ceases to be part of the resources of that area, or b) is transferred to another source within the area. 2 activated carbon treatment: A process intended for the removal of dissolved and colloidal organic substances from water

17、and waste water by adsorption on activated carbon; for example for the amelioration of taste, odour or colour. 3 agglomeration: The coalescence of flocs or particles of suspended matter to form larger flocs or particles which settle or may be caused to float more readily. 4 alpha factor: In an activ

18、ated sludge plant, the ratio of the oxygen transfer coefficient in mixed liquor to the oxygen transfer coefficient in clean water. 5 ammonia stripping: A method of removing ammoniacal compounds from water by making it alkaline, and aerating. 6 aquifer: Water-bearing formation (bed or stratum) of per

19、meable rock, sand, or gravel capable of yielding significant quantities of water. 7 autotrophic bacteria; chemolithotrophic bacteria: Bacteria which are able to multiply by using inorganic matter as the only source of carbon and nitrogen. 8 backwashing: The operation of cleaning a filter with water

20、by reversing the direction of flow. This is often aided by scouring with air. 9 beta factor: In an activated sludge plant, the ratio of the oxygen saturation value in mixed liquor to the oxygen saturation value in clean water at the same temperature and atmospheric pressure. 10 biodegradation: Molec

21、ular degradation of organic matter resulting from the complex actions of living organisms, ordinarily in an aqueous medium. 11 biodegradation maximum level: Maximum degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter in a defined test above which no further biodegradation takes place d

22、uring the test. NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 10708. NOTE 2 The biodegradation maximum level is expressed as a percentage. 12 biodegradation phase: Time from the end of the lag phase in a defined test until about 90 % of the maximum level of biodegradation has been reached. NOTE Adapted from ISO 10708. 13

23、 biofilm (of a sand filter): The film, consisting of living, dead or moribund organisms, that forms on the surfaces of the medium in a slow sand filter or other biological filter. (See also 90, zoogloeal film.) 14 biomass: The total mass of living material in a given body of water. 15 biomineralizat

24、ion: Mineralization brought about by biological activity. NOTE Adapted from ISO 7827. 16 biota: The living components of an aquatic system. 17 biotic index: A numerical value used to describe the biota of a water body, serving to indicate its biological quality. 18 catchment area; catchment basin: T

25、he area draining naturally to a water course or to a given point. 19 chemical tracer: A chemical substance added to, or naturally present in a stream or body of water, that allows the flow of water to be followed. 20 chemolithotrophic bacteria: See 7, autotrophic bacteria.BS 6068-1.3:1993 2 BSI 02 A

26、ugust 2002 21 concentration-effect relationship: Response to a concentration gradient of a known substance or mixture of substances which is described by pre-determined diagnostic indicators. NOTE 1 In the case of the umu-test for genotoxicity the induction of the umuC-gene is dependent on the conce

27、ntration of genotoxic agents in the test sample. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 13829. 22 connate water: Interstitial water of the same geological age as the surrounding rock or bed, often of poor quality and unfit for normal use (for example potable purposes, industrial and agricultural use). 23 control b

28、atch: Part of an experimental procedure which demonstrates the response to the detection system imposed collectively by compounds of the matrix used in the determination, in the absence of the subject of interest. NOTE 1 In the umu-test for genotoxicity control batches consist of culture medium with

29、out test bacteria, culture medium with inoculum and distilled water and culture medium with inoculum and dissolving agent. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 13829. 24 cross connection: A connection between pipes which may cause the transfer of polluted water into a potable water supply with consequent hazard

30、to public health. This term is also used to describe a legitimate connection between different distribution systems. 25 culture medium: Nutrients presented in a form and phase (liquid or solidified) which support microbiological growth. NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 13829. 26 decantation: The withdrawal o

31、f the supernatant liquor after settlement of suspended solids, or after separation from a liquid of higher density. 27 designated site: (Biological classification of rivers) site within a reach of a water course that is considered to be representative of the reach in terms of its quality. NOTE Adapt

32、ed from ISO 8689-2. 28 detention time: See 64, retention period. 29 dillution series: Mixture of test material and dillution matrix (for instance water or buffer) in proportions pre-defined for testing purposes. NOTE Adapted from ISO 13829. 30 DNA; deoxyribonucleic acid: Hereditary genetic material

33、making up the genome of all organisms with the exception of RNA viruses. NOTE 1 DNA differs from RNA in that it contains thymine instead of uracil as one of the nucleotides. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 13829. 31 DNA damage: Collective description for various changes in DNA that do not affect cell replic

34、ation. NOTE 1 In the case of genotoxicity tests this refers to mutations which result in the induction of the umuC-gene. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 13829. 32 drainage area: The area draining to one or more points, the boundaries of which are specified by a duly appointed authority. 33 dynamic toxicity

35、test: See 83.1. 34 dystrophic water: Water which is poor in nutrients and contains a high concentration of humic substances. 35 ecology: The study of the interrelation of living organisms and their environment. 36 ecosystem: A system in which, by the interaction of the different organisms present an

36、d their environment, there is a cyclic interchange of materials and energy. 37 effluent polishing: See 82.1. 38 elutriation: A conditioning process by which sludge is washed with either fresh water or plant effluent to reduce the alkalinity of the sludge, particularly by removing ammoniacal compound

37、s, thereby reducing the amount of coagulant required. 39 euphotic zone: The upper layer of a body of water where light penetration is sufficient to support effective photosynthesis. 40 expected natural community: Community of organisms present at a site in a water course where only natural stress oc

38、curs and man-made stress in minimal. NOTE Adapted from ISO 8689-1. BS 6068-1.3:1993 BSI 02 August 2002 3 41 flow-through toxicity test: See 83.1. 42 fresh water: Naturally occurring water having a low concentration of salts, or generally accepted as suitable for abstraction and treatment to produce

39、potable water. 43 genome: Total genetic material (nucleic acid, DNA or RNA) of a cell that codes genetic information. NOTE Adapted from ISO 13829. 44 genotoxicity: Toxicity which specifically affects the genome and usually refers to physical or chemical agents which cause mutations. NOTE Adapted fro

40、m ISO 13829. 45 genotoxicity test: Test system to determine genotoxic activity such as DNA-damage or DNA-repair. NOTE Adapted from ISO 13829. 46 halocline: A layer in a stratified body of water in which the salinity gradient is at a maximum. 47 Hazen number: A number used to indicate the intensity o

41、f colour of water, the standard unit being the colour produced by a solution containing 1 mg of platinum per litre in the form of hydrogen hexachloroplatinate (IV), in the presence of 2 mg of cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate per litre. NOTE 1 See also standard unit (of colour), defined in ISO 7887:1

42、985, Water quality Examination and determination of colour. 48 humus sludge: The microbial film that sloughs off from a biological filter and is normally separated from the effluent in a final settling tank. 49 hydrography: The applied science concerned with the study and measurement of seas, lakes,

43、 rivers and other waters. NOTE 2 In some countries, this term is synonymous with physical and chemical oceanography. 50 hydrology: The applied science concerned with the water cycle of precipitation, run-off or infiltration and storage, evaporation and re-precipitation. 51 hydrometry: The measuremen

44、t and analysis of the flow of water. 52 inoculum; inoculation material: Fraction of a culture of micro-organisms used to start a new culture, or an exponentially growing pre-culture, in fresh culture medium. Adapted from ISO 13829. 53 Imhoff cone: Conical transparent vessel, usually of capacity 1 li

45、tre and graduated near its apex, used for determining the volume of settleable matter in waters. 54 lag phase: Time from the start of a test until adaptation and selection of the degrading micro-organisms are achieved and the degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter has incr

46、eased to about 10 % of the biodegradation maximum level. NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 10708. NOTE 2 Lag phase is expressed in days. 55 lethal concentration (LC50): The concentration of a toxic substance which kills one half of a group of test organisms. Usually the exposure to the substance is continuous

47、 and the LC50 is defined by reference to a specified exposure period. NOTE 3 The term median lethal concentration is used in some countries. 56 littoral zone: The shallow marginal zone of a body of water where light penetrates to the bottom; usually colonized by rooted vegetation. 57 lowest ineffect

48、ive dilution; LID: toxicity testing of waste water by means of a defined dilution (D) Most concentrated test batch at which no inhibition, or only effects not exceeding the test specific variable, are observed. 58 lowest observed effect concentration; LOEC: Lowest tested concentration of the test sa

49、mple at which a significant effect (usually at p u 0,05) is observed when compared with the control. NOTE Adapted from ISO 12890. 59 macrophytes: Large water plants. 60 mass balance: The relationship between input and output of a specified substance in a defined system, for example in a lake, river or sewage treatment works, taking into account the formation or decomposition of that substance in the system. 61 maturation pond: A