BS ISO 6243-1997 Climatic data for building design - Proposed system of symbols《建筑设计气候数据 符号提议系统》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 6243:1997 Climatic data for building design Proposed system of symbols ICS 01.080.01;91.020BSISO 6243:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authorityof the Standards

2、Board and comes into effect on 15December 1997 BSI 03-1999 ISBN 0 580 28840 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO6243:1997 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/500, Basic data, to Sub

3、committee B/500/1, Climate and performance, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related internation

4、al and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in

5、 the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are

6、 responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 10 and a back cover.

7、This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table onthe inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO6243:1997 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front co

8、ver Foreword iii Text of ISO 6243 1ii blankBS ISO6243:1997 ii BSI 03-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Air temperature 1 3 Solar radiation (thermal) 1 4 Solar radiation (light) 2 5 Long-wave radiation 2 6 Total radiation 2 7 Radiation balance 2 8 Atmospheric humidity 2 9 Wind 2 10 Rain 3 1

9、1 Snow 3 Annex A (informative) Letter symbols to represent climatological descriptions 4 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 10 Table A.1 List of symbols, suffixes and abbreviations 4 Descriptors: Buildings, construction, structural design, climatic conditions, meteorological data, measurement, defin

10、itions, symbols.BSISO6243:1997 BSI 03-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each me

11、mber body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International E

12、lectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies castin

13、g a vote. International Standard ISO6243 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC59, Building construction, Subcommittee SC3, Functional/user requirements and performance in building construction. Annex A and Annex B of this International Standard are for information only.iv blankBSISO6243:1997 BS

14、I 03-1999 1 Introduction Many types of climatological data are used to define the nature and severity of external conditions with a view to establishing building performance. This International Standard gives precise definitions, gives guidance on methods and units of measurement, and proposes lette

15、r symbols for a series of meteorological parameters used for building design, in most cases by reference to the “World Meterological Organization Guide” (WMO). It also defines a number of parameters in current usage. The different values of climatological parameters may be used in different aspects

16、of design. The data defined in this International Standard are linked to a series of applications such as heating and ventilation design, the calculation of energy consumption, structural design, rainwater drainage and the durability of materials. This International Standard is limited to relatively

17、 simple measurements and excludes derived values such as the distributions of frequency, except when discussing illuminance. Annex A gives letter symbols to represent climatological descriptions. This provides a system, independent of language, to express statistical quantities concisely. Once this

18、system has been understood and assimilated, it will provide precise designations, irrespective of the language used, and should therefore facilitate the international exchange and use of climatological data. It is proposed that the symbols be used in databases in conjunction with written description

19、s in the language for the country of origin of the data. This should be of particular assistance for data that are not presented in one of the international languages. However, the usefulness of this system may only be assessed by putting it into practice. 1 Scope This International Standard defines

20、 a range of climatological data required for building design, gives guidance on methods of measurement and proposes symbols to designate them. It does not deal with suffixes or concepts combining several types of data, or values derived from basic data such as degree-days or characteristic wind spee

21、d. The definitions and symbols given in this International Standard aim to harmonize the expression of climatological data which may be drawn on when drafting regulatory and standard documents and when definitions and symbols are required for building design and construction. 2 Air temperature 2.1 M

22、ethod of measurement, unit and symbol Air temperature should be measured in accordance with WMO Guide No.8. It is expressed in degrees Celsius, rounded to the nearest 0,1C and is denoted by the symbol t. 2.2 Climatological parameters 2.2.1 The absolute maximum and minimum temperatures are the extrem

23、es recorded over a given period. They should be given with an indication of this period defined by the boundary years. EXAMPLE Absolute minimum temperature (1961-1990) 2.2.2 The absolute maximum and minimum for a given month are the extremes recorded for this month during a given period. They are gi

24、ven with an indication of the month and the period defined by the boundary years. EXAMPLE Absolute maximum temperature in February (1961-1990) 2.2.3 The mean annual maxima (or minima) is the mean annual maxima (or minima) calculated over30years. 2.2.4 The mean monthly maxima (or minima) is the mean

25、monthly maxima (or minima) calculated over30years. 2.2.5 The daily mean temperature is the mean of the temperature observed at intervals of3h or at shorter intervals. The approximate daily mean temperature is equal to half the sum of the maximum and minimum temperatures for the day. Notification of

26、the type of mean temperature (exact or approximate) should be given at the same time as the data. 2.2.6 The number of days of frost is the average number of days per year when the air temperature is below zero once or more during the day. NOTEThe response of building materials to freezing conditions

27、 depends on both air temperatures and precipitation and is not dealt with in this International Standard. 3 Solar radiation (thermal) 3.1 Solar irradiance should be measured in accordance with WMO Guide No.8. It is expressed in watts per square metre, the required accuracy being 2W/m 2 , and is desi

28、gnated by the symbol E s .BSISO 6243:1997 2 BSI 03-1999 3.2 Solar irradiance is the power of radiation incident upon surfaces of defined orientation and slope. It may be qualified as either direct, diffuse or total: a) direct irradiance is that received directly from the sun; b) diffuse irradiance i

29、s that diffused by the sky; c) total irradiance is the sum of direct and diffuse irradiance. 3.3 Solar energy is the energy received by radiation over a well-defined period. It is expressed in joules per square metre and is designated by the symbolW s . Solar energy is qualified as follows: hourly t

30、otal; daily total; monthly total; annual total. For each of these, it is possible to define a specific magnitude by analogy with irradiance given in3.2. 3.4 Averages for longer periods may be defined, for example: annual averages of daily totals, centred on a designated hour; monthly averages of dai

31、ly totals, centred on a designated hour. 4 Solar radiation (light) 4.1 Natural illuminance should be measured in accordance with CIE Information No.3. It is expressed in kilolux and designated by the symbolE v . 4.2 The mean illuminance for a given hour on a given day of the year is the mean illumin

32、ance recorded over1h, centred on a designated hour and averaged over a period of at least20years. The time is given in true solar time. The mean may also be stated for a particular hour during a given10-day period or a given month. 4.3 The number of hours per year when the illuminance exceeds the gi

33、ven level refers to standardized levels for which the standard values are1klx, 2,5klx, 5klx, 10klx, 25klx and100klx. The number of days per year when, at a particular hour, the illuminance exceeds a given level refers to the same levels. 4.4 The mean values of illuminance at different times of the d

34、ay may be expressed on a graph in which the abscissa shows months of the year, and ordinate shows the hours of the day, and on which curves are drawn for the following illuminances:5klx, 10klx, 25klx, 50klx and100klx. 5 Long-wave radiation 5.1 Long-wave radiation is radiation for which the wavelengt

35、hs lie between44m and1004m and which is measured in accordance with WMO Guide No.8. It is expressed in watts per square metre, and it is denoted by the symbol E l . 5.2 The net long-wave radiation across a horizontal surface is considered negative in the direction from the earth to space. 5.3 The da

36、ily long-wave radiation energy is the energy brought by the radiation imparted during1day. It is expressed in joules per square metre and is considered negative in the direction from the earth to space. 6 Total radiation The total radiation is the arithmetic sum of global solar irradiance and long-w

37、ave radiation. 7 Radiation balance Radiation balance is the sum of all incoming and outgoing radiation at the earths surface, measured on a horizontal plane. 8 Atmospheric humidity 8.1 The concept of humidity is in accordance with WMO Guide No.8. It is generally expressed as relative humidity; i.e.t

38、he ratio of actual water vapour content to the content at saturation at the same temperature, expressed as a percentage. The required accuracy is1%. Humidity may also be expressed as the water vapour pressure, expressed as kilopascals, and as water vapour content of the air, expressed in grams of wa

39、ter per kilogram of dry air. 8.2 Maximum, minimum and mean magnitudes are defined in the same way as for air temperature, and are designated by replacing the symbol t with the symbol q for humidity and g for the water vapour content. 9 Wind 9.1 Wind speed should be measured as far as possible in acc

40、ordance with WMO Guide No.8, at a height of10m above open, level ground. If it is measured in other types of terrain (such as towns), the height of measurement needs to be adjusted to give an effective height of10m. NOTEWhere necessary, wind speed data may need to be adjusted to take account of diff

41、erences in ground roughness around the measurement site.BSISO6243:1997 BSI 03-1999 3 Mean wind speed is designated by the following symbols: U h, 10 mwhen the effective height of the anemometer is10m; U h,60mwhen the effective height of the anemometer is60m; U h,n mwhen the effective height of the a

42、nemometer isn m. 9.2 Mean speeds over different periods are considered: a mean speed over3s, known as the gust speed 1)(its measurement has up to now depended on the nature of the measuring and recording instrument used), the mean speed over10min (or600s) and over1h (or3600s). The speed at an effect

43、ive height of10m over3s is designated by: U 10m/3sor U 60m/3s The speed at an effective height of10m over10min is designated by: U 10m/600sor U 600sor U 60m/600s The speed at an effective height of10m over1h is designated by: U 10m/3600sor U 60m/3600s 9.3 The direction of the wind should be recorded

44、 in accordance with WMO Guide, No.8, at10m above the ground, and is designated and expressed by the azimuth in degrees of arc. (The direction of the wind is that from which it blows.) The direction of the wind is determined either for a3-s period (the instantaneous direction) or by averaging over600

45、s over3600s. 9.4 The absolute maximum speed is the highest gust speed recorded over a given time interval. The speed is given together with its direction. 9.5 The return period of a stated speed for a determined type of speed is the number of years which elapse, on average, between two occurrences w

46、hen the speed is exceeded. The period of observation on which the return period was based may also be indicated. 10 Rain 10.1 Rainfall should be measured in accordance with WMO Guide No.8. It is denoted as h rand is expressed in millimetres relating to a stated period. Accuracy shall be no less than

47、 0,2mm for amounts of less than10mm, and2% above that. 10.2 The following magnitudes are considered: average annual rainfall over 30years; average rainfall during the month in question over30years; absolute maximum rainfall over a period of10min; absolute maximum rainfall over a period of1h; absolut

48、e maximum rainfall over a period of24h; absolute maximum rainfall over a period of5days. 10.3 The number of days and periods of days of rain where rainfall has exceeded a given total may also be considered. 10.4 The return period of a given rainfall intensity may also be considered. 11 Snow 11.1 Sno

49、w depth should be measured in accordance with WMO Guide No.8. It is expressed in centimetres and denoted by the symbol S h . NOTEISO 3898 gives either S or S nfor the snow load. The symbol S hfor a snow depth has been adopted by analogy. However, in principle, it would be better to retain the symbol h for depth (as in rainfall) since this is the physical magnitude measured. ISO 3898 also defines the symbol Q for loads in general so that an alternative for S nand S hcould be Q snand Q sh . Snow mass is expressed in kilograms per square metr