BS ISO 6336-5-2016 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Strength and quality of materials《直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力的计算 材料的强度和质量》.pdf

1、BS ISO 6336-5:2016Calculation of load capacity ofspur and helical gearsPart 5: Strength and quality of materialsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 6336-5:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 6

2、336-5:2016. Itsupersedes BS ISO 6336-5:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MCE/5/-/14, Gears-materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to

3、 include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 80272 0ICS 21.200Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Bri

4、tish Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 6336-5:2016 ISO 2016Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 5: Strength and quality of materialsCalcul de la

5、 capacit de charge des engrenages cylindriques dentures droite et hlicodale Partie 5: Rsistance et qualit des matriauxINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO6336-5Third edition2016-08-15Reference numberISO 6336-5:2016(E)BS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMEN

6、T ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written per

7、mission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 63

8、36-5:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms, definitions and symbols 24 Methods for the determination of allowable stress numbers . 24.1 General . 24.2 Method A 34.3 Method B 34.4 Method Br.34.5 Method Bk.34.6 Method Bp.35 Standard allowable stress numbers Method

9、B 35.1 Application . 35.2 Allowable stress number (contact), H lim.45.3 Bending stress number values for F limand FE.55.3.1 Nominal stress numbers (bending), F lim55.3.2 Allowable stress number (bending), FE.55.3.3 Reversed bending 55.4 Graphs for H limand F limand FE.65.5 Calculation of H limand F

10、lim65.6 Hardening depth of surface hardened gears in finished condition 235.6.1 General. 235.6.2 Case depth of carburized and hardened gears 235.6.3 Nitriding hardening depth of nitrided gears 256 Requirements for material quality and heat treatment .266.1 General aspects 266.2 Normalized low carbon

11、 or cast steel, plain carbon, unalloyed steels (see Figures 1 and 2) . 276.3 Black malleable cast iron see Figures 3 a) and 4 a) .276.4 Other materials see Figures 3 b), 3 c), 4 b), 4 c), 5 to 16 .276.5 Coupon 406.6 Mechanical cleaning by shot blasting . 416.7 Shot peening . 416.7.1 General. 416.7.2

12、 Strength enhancement.416.7.3 Salvage . 41Annex A (informative) Considerations of size of controlling section for through hardened gearing 43Annex B (informative) Core hardness coefficients46Bibliography .47 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E)ForewordISO

13、 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical com

14、mittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrot

15、echnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was draft

16、ed in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent righ

17、ts. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitu

18、te an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/for

19、eword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 60, Gears, Subcommittee SC 2, Gear capacity calculation.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6336-5:2003), which has been technically revised to reflect current practices throughout the industry.A list of all

20、 parts in the ISO 6336 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E)IntroductionThis document, together with ISO 6336-1, ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3 and ISO 6336-6, provides the principles for a coherent system of procedures for the calculation

21、 of the load capacity of cylindrical involute gears with external or internal teeth. ISO 6336 is designed to facilitate the application of future knowledge and developments, as well as the exchange of information gained from experience.Allowable stress numbers, as covered by this document, may vary

22、widely. Such variation is attributable to defects and variations of chemical composition (charge), structure, the type and extent of hot working (e.g. bar stock, forging, reduction ratio), heat treatment, residual stress levels, etc.Tables summarize the most important influencing variables and the r

23、equirements for the different materials and quality grades. The effects of these influences on surface durability and tooth bending strength are illustrated by graphs.This document covers the most widely used ferrous gear materials and related heat treatment processes. Recommendations on the choice

24、of specific materials, heat treatment processes or manufacturing processes are not included. Furthermore, no comments are made concerning the suitability or otherwise of any materials for specific manufacturing or heat treatment processes. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 6336-5:2016BS ISO 6336-

25、5:2016Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 5: Strength and quality of materials1 ScopeThis document describes contact and tooth-root stresses and gives numerical values for both limit stress numbers. It specifies requirements for material quality and heat treatment and comment

26、s on their influences on both limit stress numbers.Values in accordance with this document are suitable for use with the calculation procedures provided in ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3 and ISO 6336-6 and in the application standards for industrial, high-speed and marine gears. They are applicable to the c

27、alculation procedures given in ISO 10300 for rating the load capacity of bevel gears. This document is applicable to all gearing, basic rack profiles, profile dimensions, design, etc., covered by those standards. The results are in good agreement with other methods for the range indicated in the sco

28、pe of ISO 6336-1 and ISO 10300-1.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of th

29、e referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 53, Cylindrical gears for general and heavy engineering Standard basic rack tooth profileISO 642, Steel Hardenability test by end quenching (Jominy test)ISO 643:2012, Steels Micrographic determination of the apparent grain sizeISO 683-1, H

30、eat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 1: Non-alloy steels for quenching and temperingISO 683-2, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 2: Alloy steels for quenching and temperingISO 683-3, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels

31、 Part 3: Case-hardening steelsISO 683-4, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 4: Free-cutting steelsISO 683-5, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 5: Nitriding steelsISO 1328-1, Cylindrical gears ISO system of flank tolerance classification Pa

32、rt 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to flanks of gear teethISO 2639, Steels Determination and verification of the depth of carburized and hardened casesISO 3754, Steel Determination of effective depth of hardening after flame or induction hardeningISO 4948-2, Steels Classif

33、ication Part 2: Classification of unalloyed and alloy steels according to main quality classes and main property or application characteristicsISO 4967, Steel Determination of content of non-metallic inclusions Micrographic method using standard diagramsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6336-5:2016(E) ISO

34、2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E)ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factorsISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 2: Calculation of surface durab

35、ility (pitting)ISO 6336-3:2006, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strengthISO 9443, Heat-treatable and alloy steels Surface quality classes for hot-rolled round bars and wire rods Technical delivery conditionsISO 10474, Steel and steel produc

36、ts Inspection documentsISO 14104, Gears Surface temper etch inspection after grinding, chemical methodISO 18265, Metallic materials Conversion of hardness valuesEN 10204, Metallic products Types of inspection documentsEN 10228-1, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Magnetic particle inspection

37、EN 10228-3, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgingsEN 10308, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing of steel barsASTM1)A388-01, Standard practice for ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgingsASTM A609-91, Standard practice for c

38、astings, carbon, low alloy and martensitic stainless steel, ultrasonic examination thereofASTM E428-00, Standard Practice for Fabrication and Control of Steel Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic ExaminationASTM E1444-01, Standard practice for magnetic particle examination3 Terms, definitions and sym

39、bolsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1122-1 and the symbols and units given in ISO 6336-1 apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO

40、 Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp4 Methods for the determination of allowable stress numbers4.1 GeneralAllowable stress numbers should be determined for each material and material condition, preferably by means of gear running tests. Test conditions and component dimensio

41、ns should equate, as nearly as is practicable, to the operating conditions and dimensions of the gears to be rated.When evaluating test results or data derived from field service, it is always necessary to ascertain whether or not specific influences on permissible stresses are already included with

42、 the evaluated data, e.g. in the case of surface durability, the effects of lubricants, surface roughness and gear geometry; in 1) American Society for Testing and Materials2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 6336-5:2016ISO 6336-5:2016(E)the case of tooth bending strength, the fillet radius, surfac

43、e roughness and gear geometry. If a specific influence is included in the permissible stress derived from tests or from field service data, then the relevant influence factor should be set equal to 1,0 in the calculation procedure of ISO 6336-2 and ISO 6336-3.4.2 Method AThe allowable stress numbers

44、 for contact and bending are derived from endurance tests of gears having dimensions closely similar to those of the gears to be rated, under test conditions which are closely similar to the intended operating conditions.4.3 Method BThe allowable stress numbers for contact and bending were derived f

45、rom endurance tests of reference test gears under reference test conditions. Tooth-root allowable stress numbers were also derived from pulsator tests. Practical experience should be taken into account. The standard allowable stress numbers specified in 5.2 and 5.3 are based on such tests and experi

46、ence.Three different classes, ME, MQ and ML, are given for the allowable stress numbers. The appropriate choice of class will depend, as described in Clause 6, on the type of production and quality control exercised.4.4 Method BrContact stress numbers derived from rolling contact fatigue testing hav

47、e to be used with caution since they tend to overestimate allowable contact stress numbers for gear teeth.4.5 Method BkAllowable stress numbers for bending are derived from the results of testing notched test pieces. Preferably, the ratio of the test piece notch radius to thickness should be similar

48、 to that of the fillet radius to the tooth-root chord in the critical section and the surface condition should be similar to that of the tooth root. When evaluating test data, it should be understood that test pieces are usually subjected to repeating bending stress, whereas in the case of a gear to

49、oth, the fillets of the teeth are subjected to combined bending, shear and compressive stresses. Data on the various materials can be obtained from in-house testing, experience or from literature.4.6 Method BpAllowable stress numbers for bending are derived from the results of testing un-notched test pieces. See 4.5 for comments on evaluation of test results. In order to take into account the effect of notch sensitivity, it is necessary that actual notch form and notch factors