BS ISO 6814-2009 Machinery for forestry - Mobile and self-propelled machinery - Terms definitions and classification《林业机械 活动式和自推进式机械 术语 定义和分类》.pdf

1、BS ISO 6814:2009ICS 01.040.65; 65.060.80NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDMachinery for forestry Mobile and self-propelled machinery Terms, definitions andclassificationThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy an

2、d StrategyCommittee on 30 June2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 62591 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 6814:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 6814:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AGE

3、/29, Forestry machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot

4、 confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 6814:2009Reference numberISO 6814:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO6814Third edition2009-05-15Machinery for forestry Mobile and self-propelled machinery Terms, definitions and classification Matriel forestier Machines mobiles et automotrices Term

5、es, dfinitions et classification BS ISO 6814:2009ISO 6814:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed

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10、ights reservedBS ISO 6814:2009ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through I

11、SO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates

12、closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards.

13、Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this d

14、ocument may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 6814 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 15, Machinery for forestry. This third edition ca

15、ncels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6814:2000), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 6814:2009BS ISO 6814:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Machinery for forestry Mobile and self-propelled machinery Terms, definitions and classification 1 Scope Th

16、is International Standard defines terms corresponding to, and gives guidance for the classification of, mobile and self-propelled machinery used in forestry and related operations. Both the definitions and the classification have been determined according to the end use of the machines as intended b

17、y the manufacturer. The terms and definitions do not cover all possible forestry and related operations or machinery, nor do they describe specific machines, but are given as an aid to nomenclature. This International Standard is applicable to machines designed for use in forestry for site preparati

18、on, planting, harvesting, processing, and the transport of wood and wood fibre. It is not applicable to machines designed to be used exclusively in sawmills or wood yards, to on-highway transport vehicles, or to aerial vehicles. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the followin

19、g terms and definitions apply. 2.1 Site preparation, planting and maintenance operations 2.1.1 ground preparation bedding preparation of the soil surface to provide a location for planting 2.1.2 chopping breaking down material into shorter pieces 2.1.3 cleaning selective removal of unwanted shrubs a

20、nd trees without use of the wood 2.1.4 clearing removing unwanted residues (logging waste), shrubs, trees and stumps 2.1.5 grubbing removing trees and stumps from an area by severing below the ground surface, lifting, and pushing into piles 2.1.6 mulching reduction of trees, brush or parts of trees

21、on site with a grinding or shredding action, leaving the resulting material on the forest floor BS ISO 6814:2009ISO 6814:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved2.1.7 planting putting trees or seedlings into the ground at their growing positions 2.1.8 ploughing shearing and turning mineral soil with a

22、 linear motion 2.1.9 pruning removal of live or dead branches or of multiple leaders of shoots from standing trees 2.1.10 raking moving loose material using a toothed or comb-like device 2.1.11 scarifying preparing the ground surface for planting or regeneration by lightly cultivating the surface 2.

23、2 Forest harvesting operations 2.2.1 bunching gathering and arranging trees or parts of trees in bunches 2.2.2 bundling baling collecting trees or parts of trees and compressing and binding them into a denser form 2.2.3 cable yarding transporting trees or parts of trees by means of a cable system pa

24、rtially or fully elevated above the forest floor 2.2.4 chipping breaking down/slicing trees into small pieces of specified dimensions 2.2.5 crushing reduction of trees or parts of trees by compression or impacting 2.2.6 debarking removing bark from trees or parts of trees 2.2.7 delimbing removing br

25、anches from trees or parts of trees 2.2.8 felling severing trees from the stump 2.2.9 forwarding transporting trees or parts of trees by carrying them BS ISO 6814:2009ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 32.2.10 grinding reduction of trees, brush or parts of trees by tearing, shredding, imp

26、acting or shearing to a uniform particle size 2.2.11 harvesting felling combined with other processing functions 2.2.12 loading picking up trees or parts of trees from the ground, or from a vehicle, and piling them on a vehicle 2.2.13 stacking depositing trees or parts of trees in orderly piles 2.2.

27、14 processing function or combination of functions other than felling that change the form of the material 2.2.15 skidding transporting trees or parts of trees by trailing or dragging 2.2.16 cross-cutting cutting felled or uprooted trees or parts of trees into lengths 2.2.16.1 slashing cross-cutting

28、 to approximate lengths 2.2.16.2 bucking cross-cutting to measured lengths 2.2.17 sorting separating trees or parts of trees into groups based on particular attributes 2.2.18 splitting dividing trees or parts of trees longitudinally into pieces 2.2.19 thinning selective felling in immature stands to

29、 promote the growth or condition of the remaining trees 2.2.20 topping cutting off the tops of trees at a predetermined point 2.2.21 uprooting removal of trees, complete with root ball, by severing or breaking roots below the soil surface BS ISO 6814:2009ISO 6814:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserv

30、ed2.3 Forestry machinery 2.3.1 Single-function machines 2.3.1.1 bundler machine designed to collect trees or parts of trees, compact the collected material and bind it together to create a denser collection of material 2.3.1.2 cable yarder machine designed to provide the power to transport trees or

31、parts of trees by means of a cable system, usually with the use of a tower that may be integral to the machine or a separate structure 2.3.1.3 chipper machine designed to chip whole trees or parts of trees 2.3.1.4 cleaner machine designed to selectively remove unwanted shrubs and trees 2.3.1.5 crush

32、er machine designed to reduce trees or parts of trees by rolling or impacting 2.3.1.6 debarker machine designed to remove the bark from trees or parts of trees 2.3.1.7 delimber machine designed to remove limbs from trees or parts of trees 2.3.1.8 feller self-propelled machine designed to fell standi

33、ng trees 2.3.1.9 forwarder self-propelled machine designed to move trees or parts of trees by carrying them 2.3.1.10 grinder self-propelled or portable machine designed to reduce trees, brush or parts of trees by tearing, shredding, impacting or shearing to a uniform particle size 2.3.1.11 log loade

34、r machine designed to pick up and discharge trees or parts of trees for the purpose of stacking or loading 2.3.1.12 mulcher self-propelled machine designed for on-site reduction of standing or downed trees, brush, or parts of trees through a grinding or shredding action into coarse residue that is l

35、eft on the forest floor 2.3.1.13 regeneration equipment machines used in reforestation BS ISO 6814:2009ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 52.3.1.14 site preparation equipment machines used to prepare forest sites for planting or seeding 2.3.1.15 skidder self-propelled machine designed to

36、transport trees or parts of trees by trailing or dragging 2.3.1.16 slasher machine designed to cut felled trees into separate parts without measurement for length 2.3.2 Multi-function machines 2.3.2.1 delimber-buncher machine designed to delimb trees and arrange logs in bunches 2.3.2.2 feller-bunche

37、r self-propelled machine designed to fell standing trees and arrange them in bunches 2.3.2.3 feller-forwarder self-propelled, self-loading machine designed to fell standing trees and transport them by carrying 2.3.2.4 feller-skidder self-propelled, self-loading machine designed to fell standing tree

38、s and transport them by skidding 2.3.2.5 harvester self-propelled machine that combines felling with other processing functions 2.3.2.6 harwarder self-propelled machine that combines felling with other processing functions and forwarding 2.3.2.7 processor machine that does not fell trees but which p

39、erforms two or more subsequent functions that change the form of the material 3 Classification guidelines 3.1 Classification by general technical concept 3.1.1 General The following common criteria should be used to classify forestry machines, each according to its general technical concept. The exa

40、mples given do not include all possible classifications of machines. Only those subclassifications necessary for identifying machines in their context of use need be listed, e.g. wheeled grapple skidder or tracked swing-to-load knuckleboom log loader. BS ISO 6814:2009ISO 6814:2009(E) 6 ISO 2009 All

41、rights reserved3.1.2 Mobility method Classification may be by type of system for providing motion, which might or might not be self-propelled. EXAMPLE Tracked system, wheeled system, towed system. 3.1.3 Mode of operation Classification may be by the basic concept used to perform the function. EXAMPL

42、E Grapple, single-grip, shear, swing-to-load. 3.1.4 Harvesting system Classification may be by the type of harvesting system for which the machine is designed. EXAMPLE Shortwood, tree-length, whole-tree, chips. 3.1.5 Type of steering Classification may be by the type of system used to steer the mach

43、ine. EXAMPLE Front- or rear-steer axle, articulated frame, skid. 3.2 Classification by function 3.2.1 General The following criteria should be used to classify forestry machines according to their machine-specific functions or by the combinations of functions that they perform (e.g. skidder). Furthe

44、r classification could be required in order to differentiate between machines with basic conceptual differences that affect recognition or performance but which perform the same basic function(s) (e.g. cable skidder, grapple skidder). 3.2.2 Fellers Fellers should be classified according to their cut

45、ting means. EXAMPLE Shear feller, chain-saw feller, circular saw feller. 3.2.3 Log loaders Log loaders should be classified according to their system of loading and configuration. EXAMPLE Knuckleboom loader, cable loader, front end loader. 3.2.4 Regeneration equipment Regeneration equipment should b

46、e classified according to its mode of operation. EXAMPLE Hand planting equipment, machine planting equipment, direct seeding equipment. 3.2.5 Skidders Skidders should be classified according to their skidding/tree holding system. EXAMPLE Cable skidder, grapple skidder, clam bunk skidder. BS ISO 6814

47、:2009ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 73.2.6 Slashers (bucker, crosscutter) Slashers should be classified according to their cutting means. EXAMPLE Shear slasher, chain-saw slasher, circular saw slasher. 3.2.7 Site preparation equipment Site preparation equipment should be classified ac

48、cording to its own type of equipment. EXAMPLE Scarifiers, rippers, brushland disks, forest ploughs, trenchers, mounders, bedding harrows. 3.2.8 Feller-bunchers Feller-bunchers should be classified according to their manner of approaching the tree. EXAMPLE Travel-to-tree, swing-to-tree. 3.2.9 Process

49、ors Processors should be classified according to the type and sequence of operations they perform. EXAMPLE Delimber-debarker, delimber-debarker-chipper, delimber-slasher (bucker, crosscutter), delimber-slasher (bucker, crosscutter)-buncher. 3.2.10 Harvesters 3.2.10.1 Basic concept Harvesters should be classified according to the basic concepts used for handling the tree for felling and processing. EXAMPLE One-grip (single-grip) harvester, two-grip harvester. 3.2.10.2 Combination of felling and other functions Harvesters should be cl