BS ISO 7176-8-2014 Wheelchairs Requirements and test methods for static impact and fatigue strengths《轮椅 静态强度、冲击强度和疲劳强度要求和试验方法》.pdf

1、BS ISO 7176-8:2014Incorporating corrigendum July 2016BS ISO 7176-8:2014WheelchairsPart 8: Requirements and test methods forstatic, impact and fatigue strengthsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 7176-8:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis Bri

2、tish Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 7176-8:2014. It supersedes BS ISO 7176-8:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee CH/173, Assistive products for persons with disability, to Subcommittee CH/173/1, Wheelchairs.A list of organiza

3、tions represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 20

4、16ISBN 978 0 580 95261 6ICS 11.180.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text aff

5、ected31 July 2016 Implementation of ISO corrected text 1 September 2015: Subclause 9.7.1 amended ISO 2014Wheelchairs Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengthsFauteuils roulants Partie 8: Prescriptions et mthodes dessai pour la rsistance statique, la rsistance aux

6、 chocs et la rsistance la fatigueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO7176-8Second edition2014-12-15Reference numberISO 7176-8:2014(E)Corrected version2015-09-01ISO 7176-8:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise s

7、pecified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below o

8、r ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 7176-8:2014ISO 7176-8:2014(E)Foreword vIntroduction vii1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13

9、Terms and definitions . 14 Requirements 24.1 Strength requirements . 24.2 Disclosure requirements 35 Test apparatus . 36 Preparation of the test wheelchair .136.1 Setup and adjustment of the wheelchair . 136.2 Test dummies 146.3 Preparation of wheelchair 146.4 Records . 146.5 Safety during testing .

10、 147 Sequence of tests .148 Test methods for static strength .158.1 Principle . 158.2 Wheelchair preparation . 158.3 Selection of loading pad . 158.4 Arm supports: Resistance to downward forces .158.5 Foot supports: Resistance to downward forces .168.6 Tipping levers . 198.7 Handgrips . 218.8 Arm su

11、pports: Resistance to upward forces. 228.9 Foot supports: Resistance to upward forces 248.10 Push handles: Resistance to upward load 278.11 Scooter steering handles: Resistance to forward forces 298.12 Scooter steering handles: Resistance to rearward forces .308.13 Scooter steering handles: Resistan

12、ce to downward forces .318.14 Scooter steering handles: Resistance to upward forces .329 Test methods for impact strength .339.1 Principle . 339.2 Wheelchair preparation . 339.3 Back support: Resistance to impact . 339.4 Handrim: Resistance to impact 359.5 Castors: Resistance to impact 369.6 Foot su

13、pports: Resistance to impact . 389.6.1 General. 389.6.2 Preparation 389.6.3 Lateral impact389.6.4 Longitudinal impact .409.7 Impacts on anti-tip devices . 409.7.1 Upward impacts on anti-tip devices 409.7.2 Forward or rearward impacts on anti-tip devices .419.7.3 Lateral impacts on anti-tip devices .

14、4110 Fatigue tests 4310.1 Principle . 4310.2 Preparation of test wheelchair for fatigue tests 4310.3 Multi-drum test . 44 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 7176-8:2014ISO 7176-8:2014(E)10.3.1 Test machine settings .4410.3.2 Manual wheelchair tests 4410.3.3 Preliminary power measure

15、ment for electrically powered wheelchairs 4410.3.4 Electrical wheelchair tests . 4510.4 Drop test 4610.5 Fatigue test of manually operated parking brakes 4811 Evaluation of test results .4911.1 Evaluation and records of individual tests . 4911.2 Evaluation at end of testing . 4912 Test report 49Anne

16、x A (informative) Principles applied to derive static test loads 51Annex B (informative) Design considerations .61Annex C (informative) Derivation of pendulum swing angle for castor and foot support impact tests .62Annex D (informative) Calculation of pendulum centre of percussion .65Bibliography .6

17、7iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-8:2014ISO 7176-8:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical

18、 committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with

19、 the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed fo

20、r the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights

21、. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this d

22、ocument is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Tr

23、ade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with a disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7176-8:1998), which has be

24、en technically revised.ISO 7176 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchairs: Part 1: Determination of static stability Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric wheelchairs Part 3: Determination of the effectiveness of brakes Part 4: Energy consumption of electr

25、ic wheelchairs and scooters for determination of theoretical distance range Part 5: Determination of dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and deceleration of electric wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions Part 8: Requir

26、ements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs Part 10: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electrically powered wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummies Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces Part 14: P

27、ower and control systems for electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters Requirements and test methods ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 7176-8:2014ISO 7176-8:2014(E) Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling Part 16: Resistance to ignition of postural suppor

28、t devices Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use as seats in motor vehicles Part 21: Requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters, and battery chargers Part 22: Set-up procedures Part 25: Batteries and chargers for powered wheelc

29、hairs Part 26: Vocabulary Part 28: Requirements and test methods for stair-climbing devicesA technical report (ISO/TR 13570-1) is also available giving a simplified explanation of these parts of ISO 7176.This corrected version of ISO 7176-8:2014 incorporates the following correction: In 9.7.1, the l

30、ast sentence of the third paragraph has been amended.vi ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-8:2014ISO 7176-8:2014(E)IntroductionThis part of ISO 7176 has been an important part of the strength testing of wheelchairs since its publication in 1998. It contains test methods and sets minimum require

31、ments for static, impact, and fatigue strength of both the overall wheelchair and individually stressed components.Several parts of this International Standard have been reviewed. In particular: the fatigue testing elements, including the speed and size of slat of the two-drum test machine, and the

32、number of test cycles for both two drum and drop tests have been reviewed through empirical testing and confirmed; the failure criteria have been clarified, and permissible adjustments and repairs more clearly defined to minimize variation between laboratories; a more precisely defined setup procedu

33、re for the reference configuration of adjustable wheelchairs as given in ISO 7176-22; static, impact, and repeated load test procedures for Postural Support Devices (PSDs) have been revised and are contained in ISO 16840-3.It is anticipated that all parts of this International Standard will continue

34、 to be developed and future revisions may include the results of ongoing work in the following areas: consideration of whether the fatigue test requirements should be revised for wheelchairs intended for use in less resourced settings; review of the test methods and apparatus to facilitate testing i

35、n less resourced settings; further development of the test dummies to improve the way in which they load the backs of test wheelchairs and, in particular, to improve their suitability for use with wheelchairs with low back supports. ISO 2014 All rights reserved viiBS ISO 7176-8:2014BS ISO 7176-8:201

36、4Wheelchairs Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths1 ScopeThis part of ISO 7176 specifies requirements for static, impact, and fatigue strength of wheelchairs including scooters. It specifies the test methods for determining whether the requirements have been

37、met. It also specifies requirements for disclosure of the test results.The test methods can also be used to verify the manufacturers claims that a product exceeds the minimum requirements of this part of ISO 7176.This International Standard applies to occupant- and attendant-propelled manual wheelch

38、airs and electrically powered wheelchairs intended to provide indoor and outdoor mobility for people with disabilities.NOTE 1 For the purposes of this part of ISO 7176, “wheelchair(s)” is used as an abbreviation for manual wheelchair(s) or electrically powered wheelchair(s), including scooter(s), to

39、 which the requirements and test methods are applied.NOTE 2 Clauses of this part of ISO 7176 will be used as a basis for developing requirements and test methods for wheelchairs not covered by this part of ISO 7176.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively r

40、eferenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 7176-6, Wheelchairs Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceler

41、ation and deceleration of electric wheelchairsISO 7176-7, Wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensionsISO 7176-11, Wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummiesISO 7176-15, Wheelchairs Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labellingISO 7176-22, Wheelchairs Part 2

42、2: Set-up proceduresISO 7176-26, Wheelchairs Part 26: Vocabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7176-7, ISO 7176-11, ISO 7176-26, and the following apply.3.1fractureunintentional separation (of a component) into two or more piecesINTER

43、NATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7176-8:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 7176-8:2014ISO 7176-8:2014(E)3.2operator adjustableintended to be adjusted, moved, or set up by the operator without the help of tools or with the help of tools if those tools are supplied with the wheelchair3.3visible crackbr

44、eak, without complete separation into parts, visible to the naked eye and which has occurred during a test4 Requirements4.1 Strength requirementsWhen tested in accordance with Clauses 8, 9, and 10, a single wheelchair shall meet all the following requirements at the conclusion of the tests.a) No com

45、ponent shall show evidence of visible cracks, be fractured, or have become detached, with the following exceptions.1) Readjustment of postural supports is allowed after each of the tests in Clauses 8 and 9.2) Re-tightening, readjusting, or refitting of components that are identified in the operators

46、 manual as operator-adjustable components is allowed at 25 % intervals during each of the multi drum, drop, and manual brake fatigue testing procedures (Clause 10). Operator adjustable components, as identified in the operators manual, may not be adjusted using tools unless the tools are supplied wi

47、th the wheelchair. If there are operator adjustable components, fatigue test equipment may be stopped at 25 % plus or minus 5 % intervals, to determine if re-tightening, readjusting, or refitting of operator-adjustable components is required. Re-tightening, readjusting, or refitting shall then be pe

48、rformed, following the procedures outlined in the operators manual. Restart the test equipment after re-tightening, readjusting, or refitting has been performed.3) Re-tightening, readjusting, or refitting of any other component is not allowed.4) During the fatigue testing (Clause 10), the following

49、wear items, if they are identified in the operators manual, may be replaced no more than twice per item: tyres (including solid tyres), inner tubes, drive belts, castor wheel rubber. In the case of castor wheels that are a single integral part, replacement is only permitted because of wear or failure of the running surface, but not for failure of the wheel structure or other elements (e.g. bearings). No other wear items may be replaced.5) Cracks in surface finishes, such as paint, that do not extend i