1、Methods for the petrographic analysis of coalsPart 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and minerite compositionBS ISO 74044:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals Part 4: Method o
2、f determining microlithotype, carbominerite and minerite compositionMthodes danalyse ptrographique des charbons Partie 4: Dtermination de la composition en microlithotypes, carbominrites et minritesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO7404-4Second edition2017-08Reference numberISO 7404-4:2017(E)National forewor
3、dThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 74044:2017. It supersedes BS 61274:1990, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/16, Solid mineral fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request
4、 to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 92330 2ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Sta
5、ndard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 74044:2017 ISO 2017Methods for the pe
6、trographic analysis of coals Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and minerite compositionMthodes danalyse ptrographique des charbons Partie 4: Dtermination de la composition en microlithotypes, carbominrites et minritesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO7404-4Second edition2017-08Refer
7、ence numberISO 7404-4:2017(E)BS ISO 74044:2017ISO 7404-4:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any mea
8、ns, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-121
9、4 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 74044:2017ISO 7404-4:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publicat
10、ion may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country
11、of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 7404-4:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Material 26 A
12、pparatus . 27 Procedure. 38 Expressions of results . 59 Precision . 79.1 Repeatability limit 79.2 Reproducibility limit 710 Test report . 8Bibliography 9 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 74044:2017ISO 7404-4:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) i
13、s a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represe
14、nted on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop
15、 this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IE
16、C Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during t
17、he development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the volun
18、tary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htm
19、l.This document was prepared by Technical Committee TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Methods of analysis.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7404-4:1988), which has been technically revised.A list of all the parts in the ISO 7404 series can be found on the I
20、SO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 74044:2017ISO 7404-4:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
21、technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates clo
22、sely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria
23、needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of p
24、atent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name
25、 used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to
26、the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Methods of analysis.This second edition cancels and replac
27、es the first edition (ISO 7404-4:1988), which has been technically revised.A list of all the parts in the ISO 7404 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 7404-4:2017(E)IntroductionPetrographic analyses have been recognized internationally as important in the conte
28、xt of the genesis, vertical and lateral variation, continuity, metamorphism and usage of coal. The International Committee for Coal Petrology (ICCP) has made recommendations concerning nomenclature and analytical methods and has published and described in detail the characteristics of a wide range o
29、f coals. This document agrees substantially with the text of relevant ICCP publications and incorporates many useful comments made by members of the ICCP and by member bodies of ISO/TC 27.Petrographic analyses of a single coal provide information about the rank, the maceral and microlithotype compos
30、itions and the distribution of mineral matter in the coal. The reflectance of vitrinite is a useful measure of coal rank and the distribution of the reflectance of vitrinite in a coal blend, together with a maceral group analysis, can provide information about some important chemical and technologic
31、al properties of the blend.The ISO 7404 series is concerned with the methods of petrographic analysis currently employed in characterizing coal in the context of its technological and/or geological use. It establishes a system for petrographic analysis and comprises five parts, see ISO website:Micro
32、lithotypes are the naturally occurring associations of macerals which characterize the microscopically visible different types of coal. By convention, the identity of a microlithotype is determined by the maceral group or groups occurring within an area of at least 50 m 50 m and which are present in
33、 amounts equal to or exceeding 5 % by volume. Hence, they can comprise a single maceral or maceral group if it exceeds these dimensions. Microlithotypes may include up to 20 % by volume of minerals such as clay, quartz and carbonates or up to 5 % by volume of sulfide minerals. If the content of mine
34、ral matter exceeds these amounts, the material is designated as minerite or carbominerite depending on the proportions of coal and mineral matter.Carbominerites can be subdivided according to the type of mineral matter.Microlithotypes contribute information on the genesis of coal seams and can assis
35、t in solving problems of seam correlation. Because they determine, together with rank and mineral matter, the hardness and density of the bulk coal substance, microlithotypes affect the behaviour of coal in mining and coal preparation processes. The different microlithotypes determine, under given g
36、eological conditions, the distribution of micro-cracks and to some extent the cleat in the coal. The results of maceral analyses can be interpreted more meaningfully from a knowledge of microlithotype composition. Such information can assist in explaining the behaviour of coal in commercial and expe
37、rimental utilization processes where the association of macerals is known to be important.NOTE The percentage volume of carbonate, clay and quartz minerals on the one hand and sulfide minerals on the other, which define the carbominerites and minerites, correspond to the densities which separate acc
38、eptable coal from middlings (1,5 g/cm3) and from rejects in coal preparation. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 74044:2017Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and minerite composition1 ScopeThis document specifies a method, usi
39、ng a graticule with 20 crossline intersections, for determining the proportions of microlithotypes, carbominerite and minerite in coals. It applies only to determinations made on polished particulate blocks using reflected white light (about 400 nm to 700 nm). Additional blue, blue-violet or UV ligh
40、t excitation (365 nm to 440 nm) for better identification of liptinite in fluorescence may be used especially at low rank coals.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dat
41、ed references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 7404-1, Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals Part 1: VocabularyISO 7404-2, Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals Part 2: Meth
42、ods of preparing coal samples3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7404-1 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at
43、 h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ 3.1pointobservation of a portion of the particulate block through the eyepiece graticule made during the analysisNote 1 to entry: The allocation of a point to a particular microlithotype, or to carbomine
44、rite or minerite, is determined by the macerals and/or mineral matter present at the 20 intersections of the graticule. A point is only counted if at least 10 intersections fall on a particle.4 PrincipleExamination by using a reflected light microscope and point count procedure of a representative s
45、ample of coal prepared as a particulate block as described in ISO 7404-2. Identification under an immersion medium of the microlithotypes from their maceral composition. The proportions of the macerals are determined using a graticule having a grid with 20 points of intersection spaced to define a d
46、istance of 50 m on the specimen between extreme intersections in the x (abscissa) and y (ordinate) directions, respectively. The use of such a graticule allows the analyst to comply with the 5 % minimum content and 50 m minimum size stipulation.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7404-4:2017(E) ISO 2017 All
47、rights reserved 1BS ISO 74044:2017Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and minerite composition1 ScopeThis document specifies a method, using a graticule with 20 crossline intersections, for determining the proportions of microlit
48、hotypes, carbominerite and minerite in coals. It applies only to determinations made on polished particulate blocks using reflected white light (about 400 nm to 700 nm). Additional blue, blue-violet or UV light excitation (365 nm to 440 nm) for better identification of liptinite in fluorescence may
49、be used especially at low rank coals.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 7404-1, Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals Part 1: VocabularyISO 7404-2, Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals Part 2: Methods
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