BS ISO 7970-2011 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L ) Specification《小麦(Triticum aestivum L )规范》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 7970:2011Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SpecificationBS ISO 7970:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 7970:2011. Itsup

2、ersedes BS ISO 7970:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AW/4, Cereals and pulses.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the neces

3、saryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 66362 8ICS 67.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committe

4、e on 31 December 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 7970:2011Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SpecificationBl tendre (Triticum aestivum L.) Spcifications ISO 2011Reference numberISO 7970:2011(E)Third edition2011-11-01ISO7970INTERNATIONAL STANDARDBS ISO 7970:2011IS

5、O 7970:2011(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at

6、the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerlandii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 7970:2011ISO 7970:2011(E) ISO 2011

7、 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope 12 Normative references .13 Terms and definitions .14 Requirements .34.1 General characteristics and sensory properties 34.2 Health characteristics 34.3 Physical and chemical characteristics 45 Sampling 46 Test methods 4Annex A (informative) In

8、dicative list of harmful and toxic seeds 5Annex B (informative) Unacceptable mites and insect pests of stored cereals 6Annex C (normative) Determination of impurities .7Bibliography .12BS ISO 7970:2011ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of natio

9、nal standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internati

10、onal organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rule

11、s given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at le

12、ast 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 7970 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, F

13、ood products, Subcommittee SC 4, Cereals and pulses.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7970:2000), which has been technically revised.ISO 7970:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 7970:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7970:2011(E)Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Specif

14、ication1 ScopeThis International Standard establishes minimum specifications for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intended for human consumption and which is the subject of international trade.2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents are indispensable for the application of this document.

15、 For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 712, Cereals and cereal products Determination of moisture content Reference methodISO 3093, Wheat, rye and their flours, durum wheat and du

16、rum wheat semolina Determination of the falling number according to Hagberg-PertenISO 6639-3, Cereals and pulses Determination of hidden insect infestation Part 3: Reference methodISO 6639-4, Cereals and pulses Determination of hidden insect infestation Part 4: Rapid methodsISO 7971-1, Cereals Deter

17、mination of bulk density, called mass per hectolitre Part 1: Reference methodISO 7971-3, Cereals Determination of bulk density, called mass per hectolitre Part 3: Routine methodISO 24333, Cereals and cereal products Sampling3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this International Standard, the

18、following terms and definitions apply.3.1impuritiesall the elements which are conventionally considered as undesirable in a sample or batch of cerealsISO 5527:19955, 1.4NOTE In wheat, impurities comprise four main categories: damaged wheat grains (3.1.1), other cereals (3.1.2), extraneous matter (3.

19、1.3), and harmful and/or toxic matter (3.1.4). (See also Table C.1.)3.1.1damaged wheat grainsall the matter of a sample of grain other than the basic cereal which comprises the following fractions: broken grains, wheat of decreased value, grains attacked by pests, unsound grains and sprouted grains3

20、.1.1.1broken grainsgrains in which part of the endosperm is exposed, or grains without germISO 5527:19955, 1.4.93.1.1.2wheat of decreased valuegrains, not fully developed or with discoloration in germ and its surrounding area, which are less valuable in end-use performance due to external factors IS

21、O 2011 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 7970:20113.1.1.2.1shrivelled grainsshrunken grainsgrains which are poorly filled, light and thin, whose build-up of reserves has been halted due to physiological or pathological factorsISO 5527:19955, 1.4.73.1.1.2.2immature grainsgrains which are unripe and/or badl

22、y developed3.1.1.2.3black point grainsgrains have a distinct dark brown or black discoloration of the whole germ and surrounding area3.1.1.3grains attacked by pestsgrains which show damage owing to attack by rodents, insects, mites or other pestsNOTE Adapted from ISO 11051:19946, 3.2.4.3.1.1.4unsoun

23、d grainsgrains with certain degree of discoloration on surface of the kernel which may be caused by microorganisms or abnormal heating3.1.1.4.1mouldy grainsgrains which have moulds visible to the naked eye on 50 % of the surface and/or in the kernelISO 11051:19946, 3.2.3.13.1.1.4.2heat-damaged grain

24、sgrain whose external appearance has been changed or which have undergone modifications of functional properties due to spontaneous heating or drying at an excessively high temperatureISO 5527:19955, 1.4.103.1.1.5sprouted grainsgrains in which the radicle or plumule is clearly visible to the naked e

25、yeNOTE Sprouted grains are not taken into account as such, but according to the -amylase activity which results from their presence and which is expressed as the falling number (see 4.3.4).3.1.2other cerealsgrains belonging to cereal species other than the main cereal in the sample or batch under co

26、nsiderationISO 5527:19955, 1.4.1NOTE For the purposes of this International Standard, the “main cereal” is wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)3.1.3extraneous matterfraction consisting of inorganic extraneous matter and organic extraneous matterISO 7970:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 7970:20113

27、.1.3.1inorganic extraneous matterstones, glass, pieces of soil and other mineral matter from the fraction retained by a sieve with long rounded apertures 3,55 mm wide and from the fraction retained by a sieve with long rounded apertures 1,00 mm wide and all the components which pass through a sieve

28、with long rounded apertures 1,00 mm wide (by convention, the latter are considered to be inorganic)3.1.3.2organic extraneous matterany animal or plant matter other than grains of wheat, damaged wheat grains (3.1.1), other grains (3.1.2), inorganic extraneous matter (3.1.3.1) and harmful and/or toxic

29、 matter (3.1.4)3.1.4harmful mattertoxic matterany substances in wheat bulk that can have a damaging or dangerous effect on health3.1.4.1harmful seedsseeds which, if present in quantities above a certain limit, can have a damaging or dangerous effect on health, sensory properties or technological per

30、formanceNOTE An indicative list of these seeds is given in Annex A.3.1.4.2bunted grainsfungal structures which approximate the shape of normal grain, filled with fetid-smelling spores of the bunts Tilletia caries, Tilletia controversa, Tilletia foetida, Tilletia intermedia, Tilletia triticoides, Neo

31、vossia indicaNOTE Adapted from ISO 5527:19955, 1.4.12.3.1.4.3Fusarium damaged grainsgrains typically characterized by thin or shrunken chalk-like kernels caused by Fusarium head blight3.1.4.4rotten grainsgrains which are discolored, swollen and soft as a result of decomposition by fungi or bacteria3

32、.1.4.5ergotsclerotium of the fungus Claviceps purpureaISO 11051:19946, 3.74 Requirements4.1 General characteristics and sensory propertiesWheat grains shall be sound, clean, and have no foreign odours or odours indicating any deterioration.4.2 Health characteristics4.2.1 Wheat grains shall not conta

33、in added compounds, heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides residues or other contaminants which can affect human health. The maximum levels authorized are laid down by national regulation, or the joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (see References 7 to 14).4.2.2 Wheat shall be free from the li

34、ving insects listed in Annex B, when determined in accordance with ISO 6639-3 or ISO 6639-4, and of mites when determined by the sieving method.ISO 7970:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 7970:20114.3 Physical and chemical characteristics4.3.1 Moisture contentThe moisture content of wheat,

35、 determined in accordance with ISO 712, shall not be greater than 14,5 % mass fraction.NOTE It is possible that different water contents are required for certain destinations, in relation to the climate, and duration of transport and storage. For further information, see ISO 63223.4.3.2 Bulk density

36、The bulk density, called mass per hectolitre, of wheat shall be determined using instruments calibrated in accordance with the reference method specified in ISO 7971-1 or, by default, in accordance with the routine method specified in ISO 7971-3. It shall not be less than 70 kg/hl.4.3.3 ImpuritiesTh

37、e maximum impurities content, determined using the method specified in Annex C, shall not exceed the value given in Table 1.The maximum content of damaged wheat grains (broken grains, wheat of decreased value, unsound grains, grains attacked by pests) and other cereals, determined in accordance with

38、 the method described in Annex C, shall not exceed 15 % mass fraction in total.4.3.4 -Amylase activityThe -amylase activity (see 3.1.1.5), determined in accordance with ISO 3093, and expressed as the falling number, shall be not less than 180 s.5 SamplingSampling shall be carried out in accordance w

39、ith ISO 24333.6 Test methodsThe tests shall be carried out using the methods specified in 4.3 and Annex C.Table 1 Maximum levels of impuritiesImpurities DefinitionMaximum permissible level% mass fractionBroken grains 3.1.1.1 7aWheat of decreased value 3.1.1.2 12abGrains attacked by pests 3.1.1.3 2aU

40、nsound grains 3.1.1.4 1aOther cereals 3.1.2 3aExtraneous matter 3.1.3 2Inorganic extraneous matter 3.1.3.1 0,5Harmful and/or toxic matter 3.1.4 0,5Each of any toxic matter 3.1.4.1 to 3.1.4.5 0,05aThe maximum content of broken grains, wheat of decreased value, unsound grains, grains attacked by pests

41、, and other cereals shall not exceed 15 % mass fraction in total.bFor soft wheat, the colored grains of germ are accounted above 8 % mass fraction.ISO 7970:2011(E)4 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 7970:2011Annex A (informative) Indicative list of harmful and toxic seedsWARNING This is a non-exhau

42、stive list which can be augmented as necessary.A.1 Toxic seedsBotanical name Common nameAcroptilon repens (L.) DC. Agrostemma githago L. Corn-cockleCoronilla varia L. Coronilla, Crown vetchCrotalaria spp. CrotalariaDatura fastuosa L. Datura stramonium L. Stramony, thorn appleHeliotropium lasiocarpum

43、 Fisher et C.A. Meyer HeliotropeLolium temulentum L. DarnelRicinus communis L. Castor-oil plantSophora alopecuroides L. Stagger bush, Russian centaurySophora pachycarpa Schrank ex C.A. Meyer Thermopsis montana Buffalo penThermopsis lanceolata R. Br. In Aiton Trichoderma incanum A.2 Harmful seedsBota

44、nical name Common nameAllium sativum L. GarlicCephalaria syriaca (L.) Roemer et Shultes TeaselMelampyrum arvense L. Cow-cockleMelilotus spp. MelilotSorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Johnson grassTrogonella foenum-graecum L. Fenugreek ISO 7970:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 7970:2011Annex B

45、(informative) Unacceptable mites and insect pests of stored cerealsThe following are unacceptable in stored cereals:Ahasverus advena (Waltl)Attagenus brunneus FaldermannAttagenus unicolor japonicus ReitterCorcyra cephalonica (Stainton)Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens)Cryptolestes pusillus (Schnher

46、r)Cryptolestes turcicus (Grouville)Ephestia cautella (Walker)Ephestia kiihniella ZellerLatheticus oryzae WaterhouseLiposcelis bostrychophila BadonnelNemapogon granella (L.)Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel)Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)Plodia interpunctella (Hbner)Prostephanus trurtcatus (Hom)Rhizoperth

47、a dominica (Fabricius)Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier)Sitophilus granarius (L.)Sitophilus oryzae (L.)Sitophilus zeamais MotschulskyTenebroides mauritanicus (L.)Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du ValTrogoderma granarium EvertsTrogoderma variabile (Ballion)Tyroglyphus ovatus Tro

48、upeauTyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)ISO 7970:2011(E)6 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 7970:2011Annex C (normative)Determination of impuritiesC.1 PrincipleThe impurities are separated by sieving and are graded into the categories shown in Table C.1.Table C.1 Categories of impuritiesCategory of

49、impurity Corresponding main categoryBroken grainsWheat of decreased valueUnsound grainsGrains attacked by pestsDamaged wheat grainsOther cereals Other cerealsOrganic extraneous matterInorganic extraneous matterExtraneous matterHarmful and/or toxic seeds, bunted grains, Fusarium damaged grains, rotten grains and ergotHarmful and/or toxic matterC.2 ApparatusC.2.1 Set of test sieves, with long rounded apertures, comprising sieves of 1,00 mm 20,0 mm, 1,70 mm 20,0 mm and 3,5