1、Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurementPart 1: Test-bed measurement systems of gaseous and particulate emissionsBS ISO 8178-1:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust
2、 emission measurement Part 1: Test-bed measurement systems of gaseous and particulate emissionsMoteurs alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement Partie 1: Mesurage des missions de gaz et de particules au banc dessaiINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO8178-1Third edition2017-04Refe
3、rence numberISO 8178-1:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8178-1:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 8178-1:2006, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/14/-/3, RIC engines - Emissions.A list of organizati
4、ons represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN
5、 978 0 580 92538 2ICS 13.040.50; 27.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affec
6、tedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 81781:2017 ISO 2017Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 1: Test-bed measurement systems of gaseous and particulate emissionsMoteurs alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement Partie 1: Mesurage des missions
7、 de gaz et de particules au banc dessaiINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO8178-1Third edition2017-04Reference numberISO 8178-1:2017(E)BS ISO 81781:2017ISO 8178-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified
8、, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs m
9、ember body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 81781:2017ISO 8178-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Pu
10、blished in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permi
11、ssion can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 8178-1:2017(E)Foreword viIntroduct
12、ion vii1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 94.1 Quantities and units Number and temperature . 94.2 General symbols 104.3 Symbols for fuel consumption 114.4 Symbols and abbreviated terms for the chemical components .114.5 Abbreviated terms 1
13、25 General measurement principles 145.1 Principle of emission measurement 155.1.1 Mass of constituent .155.2 Exhaust sampling and dilution. 165.2.1 General sampling requirements 165.2.2 Gas sampling 175.2.3 Raw sampling for gaseous emissions 195.2.4 Dilute sampling for gaseous emissions .205.2.5 Dil
14、ution system 205.2.6 Dilute sampling for particulate emissions 225.3 Performance specifications for measurement instruments .235.3.1 Overview 235.3.2 Component requirements . 235.3.3 Data recording and control 246 Engine and ambient related measurement equipment 256.1 Dynamometer specification 256.2
15、 Speed and torque sensors 266.2.1 Shaft work . 266.2.2 Speed sensors 266.2.3 Torque sensors .266.2.4 Engine accessories 266.3 Pressure transducers, temperature sensors, and dew point sensors.266.4 Flow related measurements . 276.4.1 Fuel flow . 276.4.2 Intake air flow .276.4.3 Raw exhaust flow276.4.
16、4 Indirect exhaust flow 296.4.5 Dilution air and diluted exhaust flow meters 306.4.6 Sample flow meter for batch sampling 317 Determination of the gaseous components .317.1 General specifications 317.2 Gas drying . 317.3 Analysers . 317.3.1 General. 317.3.2 Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (C
17、O2) analysis .317.3.3 Oxygen (O2) analysis .327.3.4 Hydrocarbon (HC) analysis 327.3.5 Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) analysis327.3.6 Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) analysis 337.3.7 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) analysis . 347.3.8 Ammonia (NH3) analysis . 34 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 8178
18、1:2017ISO 8178-1:2017(E)7.3.9 Dinitrogen oxide (N2O) analysis 347.3.10 Formaldehyde (HCHO) analysis . 347.3.11 Methanol (CH3OH) analysis 357.3.12 Air-to-fuel measurement . 357.4 Measurement system 357.4.1 General. 357.4.2 Analytical system 357.4.3 Ammonia analysis 367.4.4 Methane analysis 417.4.5 Me
19、thanol analysis 447.4.6 Formaldehyde analysis 458 Particulate determination .478.1 Particulate mass 478.1.1 Particulate Sampling probes (PSP) .478.1.2 Transfer tubes .478.1.3 Pre-classifier . 488.1.4 Particulate sampling filters 488.1.5 Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications .488.2 P
20、article number . 508.2.1 Sampling. 508.2.2 Compensating for particle number sample flow full flow dilution systems .508.2.3 Compensating for particle number sample flow partial flow dilution systems .508.2.4 Correction of PM measurement . 518.2.5 Proportionality of partial flow dilution sampling 528
21、.3 Particulate dilution sampling system equipment 528.3.1 General. 528.3.2 Partial flow dilution system 528.3.3 Full-flow dilution system . 548.3.4 Particulate sampling system . 578.4 Particle number measurement equipment . 608.4.1 Particle number measurement system 609 Calibration and verification
22、.669.1 Calibration and performance checks 669.1.1 Introduction 669.1.2 Summary of calibration and verification .669.1.3 Verifications for accuracy, repeatability, and noise .689.1.4 Linearity check .689.1.5 Continuous gas analyser system-response and updating-recording verification 729.1.6 Response
23、time verification for compensation type analysers .749.2 Calibration gases 759.2.1 Analytical gases 759.2.2 Gas specifications .759.2.3 Use of gas dividers .779.3 Vacuum-side leak verification . 779.3.1 Scope and frequency779.3.2 Measurement principles 779.3.3 Low-flow leak test779.3.4 Dilution-of-s
24、pan-gas leak test 789.3.5 Vacuum-decay leak test . 789.4 NO2-to-NO converter conversion verification 799.4.1 Scope and frequency799.4.2 Measurement principles 799.4.3 System requirements 799.4.4 Procedure 799.5 Flame ionization detector (FID) optimization and verification.809.5.1 Scope and frequency
25、809.5.2 Calibration 81iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 81781:2017ISO 8178-1:2017(E)7.3.9 Dinitrogen oxide (N2O) analysis 347.3.10 Formaldehyde (HCHO) analysis . 347.3.11 Methanol (CH3OH) analysis 357.3.12 Air-to-fuel measurement . 357.4 Measurement system 357.4.1 General. 357.4.2 Analytical sys
26、tem 357.4.3 Ammonia analysis 367.4.4 Methane analysis 417.4.5 Methanol analysis 447.4.6 Formaldehyde analysis 458 Particulate determination .478.1 Particulate mass 478.1.1 Particulate Sampling probes (PSP) .478.1.2 Transfer tubes .478.1.3 Pre-classifier . 488.1.4 Particulate sampling filters 488.1.5
27、 Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications .488.2 Particle number . 508.2.1 Sampling. 508.2.2 Compensating for particle number sample flow full flow dilution systems .508.2.3 Compensating for particle number sample flow partial flow dilution systems .508.2.4 Correction of PM measurement
28、 . 518.2.5 Proportionality of partial flow dilution sampling 528.3 Particulate dilution sampling system equipment 528.3.1 General. 528.3.2 Partial flow dilution system 528.3.3 Full-flow dilution system . 548.3.4 Particulate sampling system . 578.4 Particle number measurement equipment . 608.4.1 Part
29、icle number measurement system 609 Calibration and verification .669.1 Calibration and performance checks 669.1.1 Introduction 669.1.2 Summary of calibration and verification .669.1.3 Verifications for accuracy, repeatability, and noise .689.1.4 Linearity check .689.1.5 Continuous gas analyser syste
30、m-response and updating-recording verification 729.1.6 Response time verification for compensation type analysers .749.2 Calibration gases 759.2.1 Analytical gases 759.2.2 Gas specifications .759.2.3 Use of gas dividers .779.3 Vacuum-side leak verification . 779.3.1 Scope and frequency779.3.2 Measur
31、ement principles 779.3.3 Low-flow leak test779.3.4 Dilution-of-span-gas leak test 789.3.5 Vacuum-decay leak test . 789.4 NO2-to-NO converter conversion verification 799.4.1 Scope and frequency799.4.2 Measurement principles 799.4.3 System requirements 799.4.4 Procedure 799.5 Flame ionization detector
32、 (FID) optimization and verification.809.5.1 Scope and frequency809.5.2 Calibration 81iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 8178-1:2017(E)9.5.3 HC FID response optimization 819.5.4 HC FID CH4response factor determination 819.5.5 HC FID methane (CH4) response verification 829.5.6 Non-stoichiometric raw
33、 exhaust FID O2interference verification 829.5.7 Efficiency of the Non-Methane Cutter (NMC) 849.5.8 CO and CO2Measurements 879.5.9 NOxMeasurement 899.5.10 Methanol response factor . 999.6 Calibration of the particulate mass measuring system 1009.6.1 General1009.6.2 Checking the partial flow conditio
34、ns 1009.6.3 PM balance verifications and weighing process verification.1009.7 Calibration of the particle number measuring system .1039.7.1 Calibration of the particle number counter 1039.7.2 Calibration/Validation of the volatile particle remover .1049.7.3 Particle number system check procedures .1
35、049.8 Calibration of the CVS full flow dilution system .1059.8.1 General1059.8.2 Calibration of the Positive Displacement Pump (PDP) .1069.8.3 Calibration of the Critical Flow Venturi (CFV) .1089.8.4 Calibration of the Subsonic Venturi (SSV)1109.8.5 CVS and batch sampler verification (propane check)
36、 1129.8.6 Periodic calibration of the partial flow PM and associated raw exhaust gas measurement systems 1169.9 Calibration of the dynamometer 1189.9.1 Torque calibration 1189.10 Calibration of temperature, pressure and dew point sensors .1199.11 Flow-related measurements .1199.11.1 Fuel flow calibr
37、ation .1199.11.2 Intake air flow calibration .1199.11.3 Exhaust flow calibration119Annex A (normative) Heat calculation (transfer tube) 120Annex B (normative) Determination of system equivalence . 124Annex C (informative) Carbon flow check 125Annex D (informative) Statistical equations . 126Annex E
38、(informative) Examples of Partial Flow Dilution Systems . 134Annex F (informative) Examples of exhaust gas analysis system 144Bibliography . 148 ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 81781:2017ISO 8178-1:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
39、 of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
40、International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those
41、 intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (se
42、e www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the do
43、cument will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms
44、 and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 70,
45、 Internal combustion engines, Subcommittee SC 8, Exhaust emission measurement.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8178-1:2006) which has been technically revised.A list of all the parts in the ISO 8178- series, can be found on the ISO website.vi ISO 2017 All rights reserv
46、edBS ISO 81781:2017ISO 8178-1:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body i
47、nterested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechn
48、ical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO do
49、cuments should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations recei
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