BS ISO IEC 25000-2014 Systems and software engineering Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Guide to SQuaRE《系统和软件工程 系统和软件的质量要求和评价(SQuaRE) SQuaRE指南》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 25000:2014Systems and softwareengineering Systems andsoftware Quality Requirementsand Evaluation (SQuaRE) Guide to SQuaREBS ISO/IEC 25000:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC25000:2014. It supersedes BS IS

2、O/IEC 25000:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/15, Software and systems engineering.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all t

3、he necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84119 4ICS 35.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard

4、was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 25000:2014Systems and software engineering Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Guide to SQuaREIngnierie des s

5、ystmes et du logiciel Exigences de qualit des systmes et du logiciel et valuation (SQuaRE) Guide de SQuaRE ISO/IEC 2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC25000Second edition2014-03-15Reference numberISO/IEC 25000:2014(E)BS ISO/IEC 25000:2014ISO/IEC 25000:2014(E)ii ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT

6、 PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permiss

7、ion. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO/IEC 25000:201

8、4ISO/IEC 25000:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Conformance . 13 Normative references 14 Terms and definitions . 15 SQuaRE: Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation - the series of standards on product quality requirements

9、 and evaluation . 75.1 Organisation of SQuaRE series of standards . 75.2 SQuaRE: overview of documents within series 85.3 SQuaRE common models 10Annex A (informative) Relationship between SQuaRE series and other ISO Standards 14Annex B (informative) History and transition process between ISO/IEC 912

10、6, ISO/IEC 14598 and ISO/IEC 25000 SQuaRE series of standards 19Annex C (informative) Examples of the application of ISO/IEC 25000 SQuaRE series of standards 21Annex D (informative) Background and needs for SQuaRE series .24Bibliography .26BS ISO/IEC 25000:2014ISO/IEC 25000:2014(E)ForewordISO (the I

11、nternational Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees esta

12、blished by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In th

13、e field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Dr

14、aft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this

15、 document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO/IEC 25000 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software and systems engineering.This second editio

16、n cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 25000:2005), of which it constitutes a minor revision.The SQuaRE series of standards consists of the following divisions under the general title Systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE): ISO/IEC 2500n, Quality Management Divi

17、sion, ISO/IEC 2501n, Quality Model Division, ISO/IEC 2502n, Quality Measurement Division, ISO/IEC 2503n, Quality Requirements Division, and ISO/IEC 2504n, Quality Evaluation Division.ISO/IEC 25050 to ISO/IEC 25099 are reserved to be used for SQuaRE extension International Standards and/or Technical

18、Reports.iv ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 25000:2014ISO/IEC 25000:2014(E)IntroductionComputers are being used in an increasingly wide variety of application areas, and their intended and correct operation is often critical for business success and/or human safety. Developing or selecting

19、 high quality systems and products is therefore of prime importance. Comprehensive specification and evaluation of systems and software product quality is a key factor in ensuring adequate quality. This can be achieved by defining appropriate quality characteristics, while taking account of the inte

20、nded use of the systems and software product. It is important that every relevant system and software product quality characteristic is specified and evaluated, whenever possible using validated or widely accepted measures.As quality characteristics and associated measures can be useful not only for

21、 evaluating a systems and software product but also for defining quality requirements, the predecessor of SQuaRE, ISO/IEC 9126:1991 has been replaced by two related multipart International Standards: ISO/IEC 9126 (Software product quality) and ISO/IEC 14598 (Software product evaluation). The followi

22、ng points derived from practical use of both series gave the logical impulse for creating the new SQuaRE series of International Standards: Both ISO/IEC 9126 and ISO/IEC 14598 have common normative, referential and functional roots. ISO/IEC 9126 and ISO/IEC 14598 form a complementary set of standard

23、s. The independent life cycles of both series have created inconsistencies between them.The general goal of creating the SQuaRE set of International Standards was to move to a logically organized, enriched and unified series covering two main processes: software quality requirements specification an

24、d systems and software quality evaluation, supported by a systems and software quality measurement process. The purpose of the SQuaRE set of International Standards is to assist those developing and acquiring systems and software products with the specification and evaluation of quality requirements

25、. It establishes criteria for the specification of systems and software product quality requirements, their measurement, and evaluation. It includes a two-part quality model for aligning customer definitions of quality with attributes of the development process. In addition, the series provides reco

26、mmended measures of systems and software product quality attributes that can be used by developers, acquirers, and evaluators.It has to be stressed that the SQuaRE series of International Standards is dedicated to systems and software product quality only. SQuaRE ISO/IEC 2500n Quality Management Div

27、ision addresses systems and software product quality requirements specification, measurement and evaluation, and is separate and distinct from the “Quality Management” of processes, which is defined in the ISO 9000 family of standards.The major benefits of the SQuaRE series over its predecessor stan

28、dards include: the coordination of guidance on systems and software product quality measurement and evaluation, guidance for the specification of systems and software product quality requirements, and harmonization with ISO/IEC 15939 in the form of Software product Quality Measurement Reference Mode

29、l presented in ISO/IEC 25020, Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Measurement reference model and guide.The major differences between ISO/IEC 9126, ISO/IEC 14598 and SQuaRE series of International Standards are: the introduction of the new general refer

30、ence model, the introduction of dedicated, detailed guides for each division, the introduction of systems product quality, the introduction of a data quality model, ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 25000:2014ISO/IEC 25000:2014(E) the introduction of Quality Measure Elements within Qualit

31、y Measurement Division, the introduction of the Quality Requirements Division, incorporation and revision of the evaluation processes, the introduction of guidance of practical use in form of examples, coordination and harmonization of the content with ISO/IEC 15939.SQuaRE consists of the following

32、five divisions: ISO/IEC 2500n - Quality Management Division, ISO/IEC 2501n - Quality Model Division, ISO/IEC 2502n - Quality Measurement Division, ISO/IEC 2503n - Quality Requirements Division, ISO/IEC 2504n - Quality Evaluation Division, and ISO/IEC 25050 to ISO/IEC 25099 - Extension divisionSQuaRE

33、 provides: Terms and definitions, Reference models, General guide, Individual division guides, and International Standards for requirements specification, planning and management, measurement and evaluation purposes.SQuaRE includes International Standards on quality model and measures, as well as on

34、 quality requirements and evaluation.SQuaRE replaces the ISO/IEC 9126 series and the ISO/IEC 14598 series.This part of SQuaRE series of standards is an International Standard with the goal of providing a common set of reference models, terminology, definitions and guidance for practical use of the a

35、ssociated standards and technical reports.vi ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 25000:2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 25000:2014(E)Systems and software engineering Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Guide to SQuaRE1 ScopeThis International Standard provides

36、guidance for the use of the new series of International Standards named Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE). The purpose of this Guide is to provide a general overview of SQuaRE contents, common reference models and definitions, as well as the relationship among the doc

37、uments, allowing users of the Guide a good understanding of those series of standards, according to their purpose of use. This International Standard also contains an explanation of the transition process between the old ISO/IEC 9126 and the ISO/IEC 14598 series and SQuaRE.The SQuaRE series of Inter

38、national Standards is intended for, but not limited to, developers, acquirers and independent evaluators of systems and software products, particularly those responsible for defining systems and software quality requirements and for systems and software product evaluation. It is recommended that use

39、rs of SQuaRE as well as ISO/IEC 14598 and ISO/IEC 9126 series of standards also use this International Standard as a guide to execute their tasks.2 ConformanceThere is no particular conformance clause for this document. Users, for their intended use of SQuaRE series of Standards should follow indivi

40、dual conformance clauses stated in each document of the series.3 Normative referencesThis International Standard does not require any normative references. All informative references are presented in the Bibliography.4 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following definitions

41、 apply.NOTE The definitions are common to all parts of SQuaRE series of International Standards.4.1attributeinherent property or characteristic of an entity that can be distinguished quantitatively or qualitatively by human or automated meansNote 1 to entry: Based on ISO/IEC 15939:2007.Note 2 to ent

42、ry: ISO 9000 distinguishes two types of attributes: a permanent characteristic existing inherently in something; and an assigned characteristic of a product, process or system (e.g. the price of a product, the owner of a product). The assigned characteristic is not an inherent quality characteristic

43、 of that product, process or system. ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 25000:2014ISO/IEC 25000:2014(E)4.2context of useusers, tasks, equipment (hardware, software and materials), and the physical and social environments in which a product is usedSOURCE: ISO 9241-11:19984.3custom softwares

44、oftware product developed for a specific application from a user requirements specification4.4datareinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processingSOURCE: ISO/IEC 25012:20084.5data qualitydegree to which the characteristics

45、of data satisfy stated and implied needs when used under specified conditions4.6developerindividual or organisation that performs development activities (including requirements analysis, design, testing through acceptance) during the system or software life cycle processSOURCE: ISO/IEC 12207:2008, m

46、odified4.7end userindividual person who ultimately benefits from the outcomes of the system or softwareNote 1 to entry: The end user may be a regular operator of the system or software product or a casual user such as a member of the public.4.8evaluation methodprocedure describing actions to be perf

47、ormed by the evaluator in order to obtain results for the specified measurement applied to the specified product components or on the product as a whole4.9evaluation modulepackage of evaluation technology for measuring systems and software quality characteristics, subcharacteristics or attributesNot

48、e 1 to entry: The package includes evaluation methods and techniques, inputs to be evaluated, data to be measured and collected and supporting procedures and tools.4.10evaluatorindividual or organisation that performs an evaluation4.11external measure of system or software qualitymeasure of the degr

49、ee to which a system or software product enables its behaviour to satisfy stated and implied needs for the system including the software to be used under specified conditionsNote 1 to entry: Attributes of the behaviour can be verified and/or validated by executing the system or software product during testing and operation.2 ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 25000:2014ISO/IEC 25000:2014(E)EXAMPLE The number of failures found during testing is an external measure of software quality related t