1、BRITISH STANDARD BSISOTR 11552:1997 Lasers and laser-related equipment Laser materials-processing machines Performance specifications and benchmarks for cutting of metals ICS 31.260BSISOTR11552:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Electrotechnical Sector Board,
2、was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15April1998 BSI 07-1999 ISBN 0 580 29855 8 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO/TR11552:1997 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted
3、 to Technical Committee EPL/76, Optical radiation safety and laser equipment, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests inf
4、ormed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to i
5、n this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
6、 Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesiandii, theISO/TR title page, pagesii toiv, pag
7、es1 to16, an inside back cover andaback cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISOTR11552:1997 BSI 07-199
8、9 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO/TR 11552 1ii blankBSISOTR11552:1997 ii BSI 07-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Machine and process parameters 2 4.1 General 2 4.2 Specification of benchm
9、ark test 3 5 Evaluation 4 5.1 General 4 5.2 Quantitative evaluation Classification 5 5.3 Measurements 5 5.4 Assigning a class to the cut 9 5.5 Qualitative evaluation 9 Annex A (informative) Table of parameters to be considered 10 Annex B (informative) Example of a workshop cutting specification 14 A
10、nnex C (informative) Examples of cutting patterns for benchmark tests 15 Annex D (informative) Bibliography Inside back cover Figure 1 The four positions of the offset wrist to be employed whencuttingthecube top face 4 Figure 2 The two positions of the offset wrist for cuts on the vertical faces 4 F
11、igure 3 Laser cut quality 8 Figure 4 Squareness and inclination tolerance 8 Figure C.1 Example of test cutting pattern for material thickness upto4mm(minimum recommended dimensions) 15 Figure C.2 Example of test cutting pattern for material thickness upto20mm(minimum recommended dimensions) 16 Figur
12、e C.3 Example of test cutting pattern recommended for material thickness2mm to6mm 16 Table 1 Categorization of system parameters 2 Table 2 Classification for squareness and roughness of cut 5 Table 3 Algebraic expressions for roughness and and squarenessqualityfactors 9 Table B.1 Workshop cutting sp
13、ecification 14 Descriptors: Optics, optical equipment, lasers, laser radiation, cutting machines, specifications, tests, acceptance testing.BSISOTR11552:1997 BSI 07-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
14、member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern
15、mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards, but in exce
16、ptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types: Type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; Type 2, when the subject is still under techn
17、ical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future, but not immediate, possibility of an agreement on an International Standard; Type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example
18、 “state of the art”. Technical reports of Types1 and2 are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical reports of Type3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no
19、longer valid or useful. ISO/TR11552, which is a Technical Report of Type2, has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC172, Optics and optical Instruments, Subcommittee SC9 Electro-optical systems, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization CEN/TC123 Lasers and laser related
20、 equipment. This document is being issued in the Technical Report (Type2) series of publications (according to subclauseG.3.2.2 of part1 of the ISO/IEC Directives) as a “prospective standard for provisional application” in the field of laser materials processing, because there is an urgent need for
21、guidance on how standards in this field should be used to meet an identified need. This document is not to be regarded as an “International Standard”. It is proposed for provisional application so that information and experiece of its use in practice may be gathered. Comments on the content of this
22、document should be sent to the ISO Central Secretariat. A review of this Technical Report (Type2) will be carried out not later than three years after its publication, with the options of extension for another three years; conversion into an International Standard; or withdrawal. Annex A, Annex B, A
23、nnex C and Annex D of this Technical Report are for information only.iv blankBSISOTR11552:1997 BSI 07-1999 1 Introduction The objective of this Technical Report is to: a) increase user awareness of the design and operational parameters which affect the performance of laser cutting machines; b) provi
24、de a means by which changes in laser performance over a period of time may be detected and the effectiveness of rectification procedures assessed; c) provide a quality assurance tool for use in conjunction with ISO9000. Because of the enormous variety of materials cut by lasers, and the wide variati
25、on of quality requirements to meet the needs of end users, this Technical Report does not lay down specific tests and quality levels. Instead, guidelines are provided to enable the user to define suitable tests. This Technical Report leaves the design of test pieces to the user. However, an informat
26、ive Annex (Annex C) describes suitable one-, two- and three-dimensional test pieces. Evaluation procedures are based on ISO9013. By following these guidelines, it should be possible to provide a single sheet Quality Assurance record card for routine workshop use on production runs. A sample card is
27、illustrated inAnnex B. 1 Scope This Technical Report provides a comprehensive set of measurements, measurement techniques, tools and common terminology to characterize the performance attributes of laser cutting machines applied to the cutting of metals. The measurement techniques and tools can also
28、 be used for recording the characteristics of laser cutting machines and/or tracking the performance of the laser cutting machine over a period of time. This Technical Report is applicable to both general-purpose and dedicated laser machines. This report contains no absolute performance criteria nor
29、 requirements. This report is therefore not applicable to competitive comparison between one manufacturers laser machines and anothers. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in the text, constitute provisions of this Technical Report. At the time
30、of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and perties to agreements based on this Technical Report are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of the IEC and ISO maintain
31、registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 9013:1992, Welding and allied processes Quality classification and dimensional tolerances of thermally cut (oxygen/fuel gas flame) surfaces. ISO 11145:1994, Optics and optical instruments Lasers and laser-related equipment Vocabulary and symb
32、ols. ISO 11146:, Optics and optical instruments Lasers and laser-related equipmentTest methods for laser beam parameters: Beam widths, divergence angle and beam propagation factor 1) . 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the definitions given in ISO11145 and ISO11146 and the fol
33、lowing definitions apply. 3.1 drag angular deviation, behind the direction of cut, of striations visible on the cut surface from the direction of incidence of the laser beam 3.2 dross unwanted solidified material, including resolidified metal droplets at the beam exit surface of the cut 3.3 full cut
34、 cut performed over the whole length of the specimen 3.4 heat-affected-zone width maximum distance, measured normal to the cut edge, between the cut and points where changes in characteristics by the heat of cutting can be noted NOTEThe heat-affected-zone width is expressed in millimetres or microme
35、tres. 3.5 interrupted cut cut performed along only a part of the length of the specimen 1) To be published.BSISOTR11552:1997 2 BSI 07-1999 3.6 kerf width width of the cut as measured between sound metal on either side of the point of entry of the laser beam into the workpiece NOTEThe kerf width is e
36、xpressed in millimetres. 3.7 oxidation level maximum thickness of resolidified oxidized metal at the cut edge NOTEThe oxidation level is expressed in micrometres. 3.8 profile locus of a cut, measured in one, two or three dimensions, as viewed along the laser beam direction NOTEProfile accuracy is a
37、measure of the deviation between the desired and the attained profiles and includes systematic and random variations. 3.9 recast level maximum thickness of resolidified metal forming a uniform surface or film at the cut edge, measured normal to the cut surface NOTEThe recast level is expressed in mi
38、crometres. 4 Machine and process parameters 4.1 General The performance of laser cutting is dependent upon a large number of parameters. This Technical Report provides a framework and consistent language for these parameters, such that measurements of cutting performance are comparative, both betwee
39、n systems and/or on the same system over time. Obviously, parameters are different for various types or brands of laser devices. Many of the parameters (such as cavity geometry or gas flow) used to characterize a given device or system are fixed, by design or by factory setting. These are termed “sy
40、stem-invariable” in this Technical Report. Other parameters, such as electrical current adjustment or optical characteristics, can be set for a given function by an operator. These parameters are referred to as “variable” or “controllable” parameters. Within these major groupings or parameter types,
41、 there are those which must be held consistent from test to test, those which should be measured each test (including those which might be measured, but held proprietary by the use of code or other means), and those which, though they might be varied or not, make no difference to the consistency of
42、result for this Technical Report. Table 1 provides a category to each type of parameter applicable to establishing a “benchmark” test protocol for laser cutting (seeAnnex A): Table 1 Categorization of system parameters Annex A contains a listing of laser system parameters applicable to benchmark con
43、trolled testing. Each parameter is listed with its possible acceptable categories (seeTable 1). For example: “Maximum pulse repetition rate (Hz)” may be classed as a “system invariable”, a “parameter to be logged at each test” or it may be irrelevant to the test (e.g.the laser will only operate cont
44、inuous wave). Although some150parameters are listed in Annex A, it is not envisaged that each of these be evaluated individually. The list should, however, be reviewed, and the classification and/or value adopted for each parameter noted, whenever a new test is being established. Category Descriptio
45、n 0 Parameters which cannot be varied (system-invariable) 1 Parameters to be kept constant at a known value at each test 2 Parameters to be logged at each test 3 Parameters which are unknown or proprietary (confidential) but will be kept constant at each test as far as possible 4 Parameters which ar
46、e not controllable within the scope of this Technical Report 5 Parameters which are not pertinent to achieving benchmark results in this caseBSISOTR11552:1997 BSI 07-1999 3 The format inAnnex B provides but one example of the type of checklist which may be constructed to use this Technical Report. C
47、hecklists need not reproduceAnnex B, but shall be constructed as appropriate to laser style, use etc. Each user of this Technical Report shall provide his own protocol and checklist which gives the individual operator guidance on which parameters are required to be adjusted, held constant, and/or ta
48、bulated for each respective test. The user may perform this by resolving those parameters from the listing ofAnnex A which are appropriate to his laser system or installation. First, items in category4 or5 may be eliminated from the list. Secondly, items in category0 or1 should be identified and lis
49、ted; test check sheets need refer only to a code number allocated to a particular combination of categories0 and1. Each check sheet should then contain a list of codes for category3 parameters, and a list of logged values for category2 parameters. The sheet should also contain a code to identify the combination of parameters classed as0or1, unless this combination is invariable. There should be a series title to identify the overall test (see4.2 below andAnnex B). 4.2 Specification of benchmark test 4.2.1 General A benchmark test
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