1、BSI Standards PublicationPD 7974-5:2014PUBLISHED DOCUMENTApplication of fire safetyengineering principles to thedesign of buildingsPart 5: Fire and rescue serviceintervention (Sub-system 5)This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.Publishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyri
2、ght notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2014Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 78989 2ICS 13.220.10The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference FSH/24Draft for comme
3、nt 14/30292939 DCPublication historyFirst published August 2002Second (present) edition, November 2014Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD 7974-5:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTContentsForeword 1Introduction 31 Scope 32 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions 44 General guidance 55
4、Design objectives 106 Fire and rescue service information 117 Design and building information 178 Analysis of the effectiveness of fire and rescue service intervention andoutputs 29AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Providing adequate fire-fighting water in large, tall orcomplex buildings 48Bibliography 5
5、5List of figuresFigure 1 Potential inputs into sub-system 5 7Figure 2 Basic fire safety design process 8Figure 3 Fire and rescue service intervention design process 9Figure 4 Fire and rescue service intervention 12Figure 5 Linking together fire modelling with fire and rescue service resourcebuild-up
6、 and fire-fighter task analysis 30Figure 6 Intervention modelling using a time-dependent fire 32Figure 7 Intervention modelling using a progression of steady state fires 32Figure 8 Intervention modelling using a continuous steady state fire 33Figure 9 Example attendance time of fire appliance 34Figu
7、re 10 The potential range of attendance time and the deterioration of fireconditions 35Figure 11 Actual attendance time towards the higher end of the spectrumso RSIT ASIT 36Figure 12 Potential impacts of applied water on the rate of heat release 44Figure 13 Recommendations for thermal classes of fir
8、e-fighter environments,showing range of air temperature, heat flux and duration 46Figure A.1 Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) UK fire research data withresults from Barnetts Equation 2 inserted 48Figure A.2 GCU research of 70 large fire 500m249Figure A.3 Medium t-squared growth curve 53List of ta
9、blesTable 1 Fire-fighter task analysis 29Table 2 Completed task analysis 39Table A.1 Fire growth rates and travelling fire spread rates observed at pasthigh-rise incidents 50Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 56, an inside back cove
10、r and a back cover.PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD 7974-5:2014ii The British Standards Institution 2014ForewordPublishing informationThis Published Document is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licencefrom The British Standards I
11、nstitution, and came into effecton 30 November 2014. It was prepared by Panel FSH/24/-/3, Revision ofPD 7974-5, under the authority of Technical Committee FSH/24, Fire safetyengineering. A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis
12、 Published Document supersedes PD 7974-5:2002, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsThis Published Document takes information on building characteristics and thedesign fire from the qualitative design review (QDR) together with the time offire service notification from sub-system 4
13、 (PD 7974-4) and the time ofevacuation from sub-system 6 (PD 7974-6). It provides information on the effectof fire service activities on the growth of the fire, which is used bysub-system 1 (PD 7974-1).PD 7974-5 is a new part of the PD 7974 series. The series comprises: Part 0: Guide to design frame
14、work and fire safety engineering procedures; Part 1: Initiation and development of fire within the enclosure of origin(Sub-system 1); Part 2: Spread of smoke and toxic gases within and beyond the enclosure oforigin (Sub-system 2); Part 3: Structural response and fire spread beyond the enclosure of o
15、rigin(Sub-system 3); Part 4: Detection of fire and activation of fire protection systems(Sub-system 4); Part 5: Fire and rescue service intervention (Sub-system 5); Part 6: Human factors Life safety strategies Occupant evacuation,behaviour and condition (Sub-system 6); Part 7: Probabilistic risk ass
16、essment; Part 8: Property protection, business and mission continuity, and resilience.These Published Documents are intended to be used in support of BS 7974.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard and introduces the following principalchanges: the standard has been re
17、written to accommodate changes resulting fromthe National standards of fire cover having been withdrawn and replaced bylocally determined standards of fire cover developed through a processcalled “integrated risk management planning”; guidance is provided on the relationship between building design
18、and fireand rescue service operating procedures.PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 1Use of this documentAs a guide, this Published Document takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification or a codeof practice
19、and claims of compliance cannot be made to it.Presentational conventionsThe guidance in this standard is presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Anyrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is
20、presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a Published Document cannot confe
21、r immunity from legalobligations.PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD 7974-5:20142 The British Standards Institution 2014IntroductionThis Published Document is one of a series of documents intended to supportBS 7974. BS 7974 provides a framework for developing a rational methodologyfor design using a fire safety en
22、gineering approach through the application ofscientific and engineering principles to the protection of people, property andthe environment from fire. The Published Documents (PDs) contain guidanceand information on how to undertake quantitative and detailed analysis ofspecific aspects of the design
23、. They are a summary of current practice and it isintended that they be updated as new theories, calculation methods and/or databecome available. They do not preclude the use of appropriate methods anddata from other sources. BS 7974 can be used to define one or more fire safetydesign issues to be a
24、ddressed using fire safety engineering. The appropriatePD(s) can then be used to set specific acceptance criteria and/or to undertakedetailed analysis. A fire safety engineering (FSE) approach that takes intoaccount the total fire safety package can often provide a more fundamental andeconomical sol
25、ution than more prescriptive approaches to fire safety. It might insome cases be the only viable means of achieving a satisfactory standard of firesafety in some large or complex buildings. Fire safety engineering can havemany benefits. The use of BS 7974 can facilitate the practice of fire safetyen
26、gineering and in particular it can:a) provide the designer with a disciplined approach to fire safety design;b) allow the safety levels for alternative designs to be compared;c) provide a basis for selection of appropriate fire protection systems;d) provide opportunities for innovative design; ande)
27、 provide information on the management of fire safety for a building.Fire is an extremely complex phenomenon and there are still gaps in theavailable knowledge. When used by suitably qualified persons, experienced infire safety engineering, the series of documents can provide a means ofestablishing
28、acceptable levels of fire safety economically and without imposingunnecessary constraints on aspects of building design.1 ScopeThis part of PD 7974 provides guidance on fire safety engineering and thenecessary interaction with fire service intervention activities. This PublishedDocument applies irre
29、spective of whether the design objective, or fire serviceactivities, are intended to support life safety, property, business, mission, orheritage protection objectives, as defined in the qualitative design review (QDR)process described in BS 7974 and PD 7974-0. The guidance provides anunderstanding
30、of both the capabilities and limitations of fire serviceintervention, and takes into account the physiological demands on fire-fighters,the fire-fighting procedures that are used and the limitations of fire-fightingequipment.This part of PD 7974 is intended to be applied to the design of new and, wh
31、ereappropriate, the appraisal of existing, buildings and plant.It also contains analytical tools that allow an analysis of fire and rescue serviceintervention and offers a range of approaches that could improve the efficiencyand effectiveness of fire and rescue service intervention if analysis indic
32、ates thatdesign objectives might not be achieved.The fire and rescue service can request access and facilities to assist them withemergencies other than fire. The recommendations contained in this documentcould be of value when considering such requests but the primary purpose ofthis document is con
33、cerned with fire.PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 32 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. Fo
34、r undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.Standards publicationsBS 7974:2001, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design ofbuildings Code of practiceBS 9990, Code of practice for non-automatic fire-fighting systems in b
35、uildingsBS 9999:2008, Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management anduse of buildingsBS EN 81-72, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts Particularapplications for passenger and goods passenger lifts Part 72: Firefighters liftsPD 7974-1, Application of fire safety
36、 engineering principles to the design ofbuildings Part 1: Initiation and development of fire within the enclosure oforigin (Sub-system 1)PD 7974-3, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design ofbuildings Part 3: Structural response and fire spread beyond the enclosure oforigin (S
37、ub-system 3)PD 7974-4, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design ofbuildings Part 4: Detection of fire and activation of fire protection systems(Sub-system 4)PD 7974-6, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design ofbuildings Part 6: Human factors Life safety
38、 strategies Occupant evacuation,behaviour and condition (Sub-system 6)PD 7974-8:2012, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design ofbuildings Part 8: Property protection, business and mission continuity, andresilience3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this Published Docum
39、ent, the following terms anddefinitions apply.3.1 attendancea) fire appliances that are at the incident or are on their way to the incident;b) act or process of a fire appliance being mobilized and travelling to anincidentNOTE For the fire and rescue service, the word “attendance” has a slightly dif
40、ferentmeaning depending on the context in which it is used. Since this PublishedDocument aims to achieve effective interaction between the fire engineer and thefire and rescue service, the fire and rescue service terminology is used within thetext.3.2 attendance time (tattend)duration of time that p
41、asses between the fire and rescue service control roombeing notified that a fire appliance is required and the arrival of the fireappliance at the sitePUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD 7974-5:20144 The British Standards Institution 20143.3 bridgeheadpart of a building, usually the floor below the fire (floor abo
42、ve in the case ofbasements), from which fire-fighting teams can be safely committed to attack afire3.4 intervention (fire and rescue service)all the activities of the fire and rescue service from the receipt of an emergencycall right through to the end of their involvement with an incident3.5 in att
43、endancebeing present at the scene of the incident3.6 place of relative safetyplace in which there is no immediate danger, but in which there could be futuredanger, from the effects of fireSOURCE: BS 9999:2008, 3.833.7 preparation timetime that the fire and rescue service spend, after arrival at the
44、scene of a fire,gathering information, preparing an operational plan and ensuring thatoperational resources are in place3.8 safe areas or refuge floorsrooms or floors or areas set aside to provide places of temporary refuge withinbuildings; such locations are provided with a very high degree of fire
45、 protectionand can be provided with their own independent air supplyNOTE A safe area or refuge floor is a special case of a place of relative safety inthat it is expected that people remain there for a period of time rather than be intransit to a place of ultimate safety.3.9 tactical operationsimple
46、mentation of an operational plan by the fire and rescue service; typicallyleading to and including fire-fighting and/or rescue; tactical operations beginfollowing the end of preparation time4 General guidance4.1 The qualitative design reviewThis Published Document provides guidance on the capabiliti
47、es of the fireservice to: contribute to life safety by rescue (under exceptional circumstances see 5.2); and reduce the effect of a fire on the structure, contents and overall operationof the building.Information on fire safety engineering (FSE) design objectives and theacceptance criteria are provi
48、ded by the qualitative design review (QDR). Whereachieving design objectives relies upon fire and rescue service intervention, thenature of that intervention and the provision of necessary access and facilitiesfor the fire and rescue service should be included in the QDR.For large and complex projec
49、ts, the QDR should be carried out by a study teaminvolving one or more fire safety engineers, other members of the design teamand a member of operational management. For smaller projects however, theQDR may be carried out by a smaller study group but the same basic reviewprocess should be followed.PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 5The make-up of the QDR team should be based on the nature and size of theproject and on the extent of the analysis conduct
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