1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 13714:2010Characterization of sludges Sludge management in relationto use or disposalLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 08/12/2010 07:37, Uncontroll
2、ed Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 13714:2010 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR13714:2010. It supersedes PD CR 13714:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/5, Sludge characterization.A
3、list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 68830 0ICS 13.030.20; 13.060.30Compliance wi
4、th a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 08/
5、12/2010 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 13714:2010TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13714 June 2010 ICS 77.060; 93.140 Supersedes CR 13714:2001English Version Characterization of sludges - Sludge management in relation to use or disposal Caractrisation des boue
6、s - Gestion des boues en vue de leur valorisation ou de leur limination Charakterisierung von Schlmmen - Management von Schlamm zur Verwertung oder Beseitigung This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 February 2010. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 308. CEN members are th
7、e national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, S
8、witzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref.
9、No. CEN/TR 13714:2010: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 08/12/2010 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 13714:2010CEN/TR 13714:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction . 41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions and abbreviated terms 53.3 Abbreviat
10、ed terms . 64 Waste hierarchy . 64.1 General 64.2 Context 75 Management of sludge quality - Upstream processes 75.1 General 75.2 Municipal wastewater sludges . 75.3 Setting limits for discharges from industrial and commercial premises to municipal sewers . 85.4 Other factors 95.5 Minimising contamin
11、ation including diffuse sources in municipal wastewater . 96 Sludge management 106.1 Measures upstream of water and wastewater treatment facilities .106.2 Measures at sites of sludge production and processing 106.3 Solutions for recycling recovery and disposal.126.4 Disposal 147 Operational good pra
12、ctices 147.1 General 147.2 Upstream of the sludge production site 147.3 At the sludge production site .158 Strategic evaluation of options and links with the other good practice documents168.1 General 168.2 Sludge quantity assessment 168.3 Sludge quality 178.4 Developing a strategy for sludge use/di
13、sposal 17Annex A (informative) Guides of good practice for use and disposal of sludges .19Annex B (informative) Best Practicable Environmental Option for sludges use or disposal .20Bibliography 21Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 08/12/2010 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CE
14、N/TR 13714:2010CEN/TR 13714:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13714:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterization of sludges”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
15、subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CR 13714:2001. This document gives recommendations for good practice but existing national regulations remain in force. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCH
16、ANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 08/12/2010 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 13714:2010CEN/TR 13714:2010 (E) 4 Introduction The purpose of this Technical Report is to outline the management of sludges both upstream and downstream of the treatment process to ensure that it is suitable for the outlets
17、available. Sludge is the inevitable residue of treating raw potable water and municipal and industrial wastewaters. The Technical Report refers to all types of sludge covered by CEN/TC 308 including sludges from treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater and from water supply treatme
18、nt work plants. In considering the likely quality of sludges it should be remembered that municipal wastewater sludges are composed of materials that have already been disposed of and are consequently likely to be more variable than many industrial sludges that arise from sourced materials or water
19、treatment sludges arising from surface water or groundwater. The quality of the sludge should match the requirements of the outlets whether that be to land, thermal processing or as a last resort landfill. As a general rule a sludge of high quality is likely to be acceptable to a large range of outl
20、ets giving greater operational flexibility. High quality sludges are likely to be suitable for those outlets associated with maximum sustainability and minimum environmental pollution. The management of sludges will become increasingly more complex as environmental standards become more stringent an
21、d if outlets become more constrained by legislation and public attitudes. Sludge quality is central to the development of good practice for sludge production in relation to its destination (use or disposal). Sludge quality depends on the composition of the upstream materials and the type of treatmen
22、t including post treatment storage. Sludge quality can be characterised by its different properties; biological, chemical and physical: biological properties include the microbiological stability of the organic matter in the sludge, odour and hygienic characteristics; chemical properties include: co
23、ntent of potentially toxic substances (PTSs) which include inorganic (metals, metalloids, and other minerals), and organic pollutants; concentrations and form (availability) of plant nutrients and the main components of the sludge; physical properties include whether liquid, semi-solid (pasty-like)
24、or solid, and aesthetic factors associated for instance with removal of unsightly debris by effective screening. Calorific value is a quality criterion if the sludge is to be incinerated or used as a fuel. Other physical properties include, thickenability and dewaterability. The consistency of these
25、 different properties is a critical aspect of the sludge quality and of the ability to determine its end destination (use or disposal). Standard methods should be used where these are available to measure the quality parameters of sludge. There is a continuing need to develop a full set of standardi
26、sed and harmonised methods which the manager and operator can use to evaluate the quality of sludge for treatment process design and operational purposes. This Technical Report considers the management of sludges against the waste hierarchy, the management of sludge quality and an option evaluation
27、process to determine the options available. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 08/12/2010 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 13714:2010CEN/TR 13714:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report gives guidance for dealing with the production and control of sludge in relation to
28、 inputs and treatment and gives a strategic evaluation of recovery, recycling and disposal options for sludge according to its properties and the availability of outlets. This report is applicable for sludges from: storm water handling; night soil; urban wastewater collecting systems; urban wastewat
29、er treatment plants; treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EC 1); water supply treatment plants; but excluding hazardous sludges from industry. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
30、 document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1085:2007, Wastewater treatment Vocabulary EN 12832:1999, Characterization of sludges Utilisation and disposal of sludges Voca
31、bulary 3 Terms and definitions and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1085:2007 and EN 12832:1999 and the following apply: 3.1 industrial wastewater trade wastewater trade effluent wastewater discharge resulting from any industrial or commercia
32、l activity 3.2 urban wastewater municipal wastewater wastewater from municipal areas consisting predominantly of domestic wastewater and additionally it may also contain surface water, infiltration water, trade or industrial wastewater Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 08/12/201
33、0 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 13714:2010CEN/TR 13714:2010 (E) 6 3.3 Abbreviated terms The following abbreviated terms necessary for the understanding of this report apply: BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand BPEO: Best Practicable Environmental Option COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand EQO/EQS: E
34、nvironmental Quality Objectives/Environmental Quality Standards PTS: Potentially Toxic Substance 4 Waste hierarchy 4.1 General In order that the management of waste be conducted in an increasingly sustainable manner, the EU encourages a waste hierarchy as a framework by which Member States should de
35、velop their strategy for waste management (EU Directive 75/442/EEC (see 2) as amended by 91/156/EEC (see 3). Figure 1 The waste hierarchy Including sludges This hierarchy encourages: a) firstly, the prevention or reduction of waste production and its harmfulness, in particular by: development and im
36、plementation of clean technologies more sparing in their use of natural resources; technical development and marketing of products designed so as to make no contribution or to make the smallest possible contribution, by the nature of their manufacture, use or final disposal, to increasing the amount
37、 or harmfulness of waste and pollution hazards; development of appropriate techniques for the final disposal of dangerous substances contained in waste destined for recovery; Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 08/12/2010 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 13714:2010CEN/TR
38、 13714:2010 (E) 7 b) secondly, the best possible use of waste: recovery of waste by means of recycling, re-use or reclamation or any other process with a view to extracting secondary raw materials; or the use of waste as a source of energy. The hierarchy places disposal as the last management choice
39、. Four of the stages within the hierarchy can be applied to sludges, namely reduction, recycling, recovery and disposal. Obviously, the latter is the least desirable and efforts should be made to minimise the proportion of sludge which is disposed of, by the adoption of clean technologies, recycling
40、 and recovery strategies. The waste hierarchy can be applied equally to activities upstream of the sludge production process and to the processes employed within the treatment process. These are discussed separately below. In considering what management options should be selected, all stages in the
41、sequence of sludge production and its ultimate fate should be scrutinised. 4.2 Context The overall objective of a sludge management strategy should be to find outlets for the sludge which are safe, environmentally acceptable (carbon foot print), secure and economic. The availability of outlets (see
42、Clause 8) determines how sludge should be treated. In order to do this, it is important to address quality (Clause 5) and management processes (Clause 6) and operational practices (Clause 7). 5 Management of sludge quality - Upstream processes 5.1 General The significant difference between municipal
43、 sludges and industrial sludges and to a certain extent water treatment sludges is the degree and complexity of control over the inputs. Industrial sludges usually arise from the processing of sourced materials and control over their content and consequently on the quality of sludge can often be mad
44、e by analysis of the materials and in many cases by the imposition of quality standards on them. This may not always be possible for instance in the amount of bacteriocides and fungicides in paper waste collected for recycling which could vary from batch to batch. River waters can carry a range of p
45、ollutants which could enter the sludge and operators should be aware of the potential pollutants that could enter the river upstream. 5.2 Municipal wastewater sludges For municipal wastewater sludges strict limits should be imposed on industrial and commercial discharges to the sewer so that the slu
46、dge produced from wastewater is clean or as free as possible of contaminants of industrial origin. Industrial point sources of contaminants discharging to the sewer should be identified and restricted or stopped. Key factors are careful discharge consent settings (see below) monitoring and inspectio
47、n backed by enforcement. Quality assurance in support of the consent requires adequate sampling to check compliance. The extent of sampling of effluent from industrial premises should be decided on a risk assessment basis taking account for instance of size of operation and quantity of chemicals in
48、use. The “polluter pays“ principle should be used to oblige industries failing to produce acceptable effluents to investigate and implement remedial measures. This may entail a change in the production process or the installation on the industrial premises of effluent treatment plant. Often the cost
49、 of this is offset by reduced Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 08/12/2010 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 13714:2010CEN/TR 13714:2010 (E) 8 payments for effluent discharge and the recovery and reuse of valuable chemicals that would otherwise have been discharged to the sewer. Experience has shown that by progressively identifying and controlling point source discharges, the quality of sludge can be substantially improved by reducing i
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