BS PD CEN TR 15134-2005 Non-destructive testing — Automated ultrasonic examination — Selection and application of systems《无损检测 自动超声波检验 系统的选择和应用》.pdf

1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 15134:2005 Non-destructive testing Automated ultrasonic examination Selection and application of systems ICS 19.100 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15134:2005 This Published Document was published under the a

2、uthority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 January 2006 BSI 23 January 2006 ISBN 0 580 46401 6 National foreword This Published Document is the official English language version of CEN/TR 15134:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/

3、46, Non-destructive examination, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI

4、Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for it

5、s correct application. Compliance with a Published Document does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests

6、 informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TR title page, pages 2 to 30, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this doc

7、ument indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSITECHNICALREPORT RAPPORTTECHNIQUE TECHNISCHERBERICHT CEN/TR15134 October2005 ICS19.100 EnglishVersion Nond

8、estructivetestingAutomatedultrasonicexamination Selectionandapplicationofsystems EssaisnondestructifsExamenautomatisparultrasons Slectionetapplicationdessystmes ZerstrungsfreiePrfungAutomatisierte UltraschallprfungAuswahlundAnwendungvon Systemen ThisTechnicalReportwasapprovedbyCENon24April2005.Ithas

9、beendrawnupbytheTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC138. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Swede

10、n,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CEN/TR15134:2005:E Licensed C

11、opy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Basic system description.5 4.1 Systems .5 4.2 System schematic.6 4.3 Levels of automation 9 5 Examination of technical objectives and

12、 conditions .9 5.1 Task9 5.2 Other controlling conditions10 5.3 Examination data 11 5.4 Reference blocks 12 6 Components and features of a test system 12 6.1 General 12 6.2 Test mechanics and positioning systems.12 6.3 Coupling technique.14 6.4 Probes16 6.5 Testing electronics and signal digitisatio

13、n.23 6.6 Data acquisition, processing and storage 26 6.7 Presentation and evaluation of data28 6.8 System check 29 7 Execution of test .29 7.1 System set-up .29 7.2 Performing the test .30 PD CEN/TR 15134:2005 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI3 For

14、eword This CEN Technical Report (CEN/TR 15134:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. PD CEN/TR 15134:2005 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI4 1 Scope Automatic

15、ultrasonic scanning inspection systems are becoming more and more popular. There is a growing dependence on these systems, the data (both ultrasonic signals and probe location) and the automatic or manual evaluation of the data. Stationary and mobile test systems are discussed, as used for pre-servi

16、ce testing (testing during manufacture) and in-service testing (testing after manufacture, including regular safety assurance testing). The information in this Technical Report covers all tests and testing on all component parts or complete manufactured systems for either correctness of geometry, ma

17、terial properties (quality or defects) and fabrication methodology (e.g. welds). This Technical Report can be used for training purposes. This Technical Report is aimed at suppliers and users of automatic scanning systems. The scope of this Technical Report is to permit the user, along with a custom

18、er specification or test description and any national or international standards or regulations to specify: - ultrasonic probes, probe systems and mechanical controlling sensors; - manipulation systems including controls; - ultrasound electronic sub-systems; - data storage and display systems; - eva

19、luation and assessment methods or techniques with regard to their performance and suitability for purpose. This Technical Report also defines a means of verifying the performance of any specified system. This includes: - tests during the manufacturing process on parts and completed items (stationary

20、 testing systems) and also - tests with mobile systems. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inclu

21、ding any amendments) applies. EN 1330-2:1998, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods. EN 1330-4:2000, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Techni

22、cal Report, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-2:1998 and EN 1330- 4:2000 apply. PD CEN/TR 15134:2005 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI5 4 Basic system description 4.1 Systems There are two major applications for automated ultrasonic inspec

23、tion systems: - for the detection and evaluation of material defects (e.g. cracks, porosity, geometry); - for the measurement and evaluation of material properties (e.g. sound velocity, scattering). Essential components of an automatic inspection system are: - mechanically positioned and controlled

24、ultrasonic probes and/or test objects; - automatic data acquisition for the ultrasound signals; - acquisition and storage of transducer location in relation to ultrasonic signals; - test results. A system usually consists of several individually identifiable components. These are: - manipulators for

25、 probes or test objects; - probes and cables; - couplant supply and removal; - ultrasonic sub-system; - data acquisition and processing; - data evaluation and display; - system control. The complexity of a system depends on the scope of the test and application of the system. Test systems may be div

26、ided into stationary and mobile. Examples of stationary systems are: - continuous inspection of steel products, e.g. billets, plate material, tubes, rails; - component testing, e.g. steering knuckles, rollers, balls, bolts, pressure cylinders; - composite materials e.g. aerospace structures , e.g. c

27、omplete wings made of composite materials, CRFP and GFRP components; - random sample control (batch test) for process accompanying checks, e.g. testing for hydrogen induced cracking in steel samples. Examples of mobile systems are: - pre-service and in-service inspection of components, e.g. valves,

28、vessels, bolts, turbine parts; - pre-service and in-service inspection of vehicles; - pre-service and in-service inspection of pipelines e.g. oil or gas pipelines; PD CEN/TR 15134:2005 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI6 - inspection of railway trac

29、ks. The test systems can be single or multichannel systems. The manipulator complexity of the system depends on the examination task. The complexity of the data acquisition and evaluation system depends on the number of test channels, the test velocity and the test requirements. 4.2 System schematic

30、 The essential components of an automatic scanning system are shown in Figure 1. More detailed descriptions can be found elsewhere in this document. A detailed description of the individual functions is given in Clause 5. Key 1 probe 1 2 probe 2 3 signal lines 4 data lines 5 control line 6 control l

31、ine/location data Figure 1 System schematic The probe position shall be known and be recorded together with the ultrasonic data. This can be achieved by using encoders, ultrasound or video techniques. If the probe motion is in one axis only, the probe position can be determined by measuring elapsed

32、time compared to the motion velocity. The most simple ultrasonic system consists of one probe, see Figure 2. PD CEN/TR 15134:2005 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI7 Figure 2 Simple system with one probe In order to fulfil any test requirement the s

33、ystem can include several hundred probes e.g. in a pig for pipeline testing, see Figure 3. The ultrasonic sub-system is the main component of the overall system. Figure 4 shows a block diagram of the basic electronic components of the ultrasonic sub-system. Depending on the required complexity, the

34、ultrasonic sub-system can be made from one module for a single channel system or multiple modules for multi-channel systems. These can be self-contained modules, computer plug-in cards or rack mounted systems. Figure 3 The probe assembly of an intelligent pig for use on a 40 inch diameter pipeline P

35、D CEN/TR 15134:2005 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI8 Figure 4 Block diagram of the electronics of the ultrasonic sub-system Some digital systems used for testing provide acquisition and storage of the full RF ultrasonic signals. This method offer

36、s the most information compared to other acquisition methods. In order to reduce the testing time, data processing and storage requirements, other methods use data reduction techniques such as peak testing. For many applications this provides a perfectly adequate level of data for the purposes of th

37、e inspection. Methods for data reduction are described in 6.6.4.2. The data, which are transferred from the ultrasonic unit to the data acquisition unit, is referred to as measurement data. In the data processing unit the measurement data is processed in a way, which permits it to be visualized on a

38、 display for the interpreter (user) performing the evaluation. The data can be assessed and the test verified automatically during automatic component testing. In certain areas, the evaluation has to be performed by experienced test personnel, e.g. welds on vessels and pipelines or safety-critical c

39、omponents in aerospace. In these cases, the data processing unit has to provide images from the measurement data as a projection or sectional image. Other tasks are possible by filtering the data to remove unwanted information. This can be achieved by software in a computer or by special hardware. D

40、ata can be stored at different points during the measurement signal processing as shown in Figure 1. If this is a simple go/no go test only the test result need be recorded. In contrast, during testing of safety critical components the measurement data is stored together with any assessment result.

41、The control and synchronisation of the individual system components is achieved by the system control, this ensures that the proper test sequence is performed. The system control also synchronises the storage of the probe location data and ultrasonic data. In-process inspection can provide automatic

42、 sorting or marking of defective parts. A practical example for a basic automatic scanning system is shown in Figure 1. The set-up of a multi-channel test system is shown in Figure 5. This has an XY manipulator and can be used for testing vessels and pipes. PD CEN/TR 15134:2005 Licensed Copy: Wang B

43、in, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSILicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Tue Apr 25 03:14:52 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI10 The most important factor in all automatic scanning methods is the systems dynamic lateral resolution. The scanning pattern and speed shall be desig

44、ned in accordance with the beam profile dimensions as determined by a relevant reflector. 5.2 Other controlling conditions The following conditions shall be considered: - the requirements governed by the material properties, e.g. surface conditions and coupling requirements; - standards, directives

45、and other specifications; - the application limitations, e.g. test environment, access, weather conditions, power restrictions. 5.2.1 Testing density, test speed and extent and coverage of testing High speed testing is typical in automated scanning. This generates large amounts of data. If this is t

46、o be automatically assessed processing speed is a key issue. There is a relationship between the distance between measurement points, speed of probe motion, pulse repetition rate and data acquisition speed. This relationship shall also consider the number of channels. If the probe is moved in a dire

47、ction x and measurement data are required equidistantly (either amplitude or time-of-flight) the following condition shall be satisfied: v ( x * f ) / n (1) where : v = relative speed between probe and test specimen (mm/s) x = distance between measurement points (mm) f = pulse repetition rate (Hz) n

48、 = number of pulses required per measurement point. If the complete A-scan has to be acquired at each spot the following equation applies: v x / t s (2) where : v = relative speed between probe and test specimen (mm/s) x = distance between measurement points (mm) t s = acquisition and storage time o

49、f an A-scan Normally, the transfer time of an A-scan to a storage medium (e.g. hard disk) is longer than the duration (length) of an A-scan. In this case t s shall be equal to the slowest process step in the system. 5.2.2 Environmental considerations Special consideration shall be given when the design is to be used in harsh environments e.g.