1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 15941:2010Sustainability of constructionworks Environmentalproduct declarations Methodology for selection anduse of generic dataPD CEN/TR 15941:2010 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTN
2、ational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR15941:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/558, Sustainability of construction works.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretar
3、y.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 67161 6ICS 91.010.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published
4、 under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2010Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 15941:2010TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15941 May 2010 ICS 91.010.99 English Version Sustainability of construction works
5、 - Environmental product declarations - Methodology for selection and use of generic dataContribution des ouvrages de construction au dveloppement durable - Dclarations environnementales des produits - Mthodologie pour la slection et lutilisation des donnes gnriques Nachhaltigkeit von Bauwerken - Um
6、weltproduktdeklarationen - Methoden fr Auswahl und Verwendung von generischen Daten This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 31 August 2009. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 350. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, C
7、zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT E
8、UROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15941:2010: EPD CEN/TR 15941:2010CEN/TR 15941:2010 (E) 2 Contents
9、Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Generic data .64.1 General 64.2 Types of Generic Data .64.3 Application of generic data in EPD 74.3.1 Manufacturers EPD .74.3.2 Trade Association EPD .74.3.3 Scenarios in EPDs .74.3.4 Compensating with generic
10、 data for differences in local conditions 84.4 Sources of Generic data .84.4.1 General 84.4.2 LCI/LCA data for materials or processes 84.4.3 Bibliography and documented expert experiences .94.5 Generic data quality 94.5.1 General 94.5.2 Judging the quality of generic data 104.5.3 Meta data . 104.5.4
11、 Data verification 105 Pre-verification 115.1 General . 115.2 Scope of pre-verification 125.3 Procedure 125.4 Documentation of results 126 Quality Criteria 136.1 Time-related coverage 136.1.1 Age of data 136.1.2 Period of Data Collection . 136.2 Technology coverage . 136.3 Geographical coverage 146.
12、4 Plausibility . 146.5 Completeness . 146.6 Consistency . 146.7 Uncertainty 156.7.1 Reliability of the source . 156.7.2 Data differences 156.7.3 Sensitivity analysis . 15Bibliography . 16PD CEN/TR 15941:2010CEN/TR 15941:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15941:2010) has been prepared by Techn
13、ical Committee CEN/TC 350 “Sustainability of construction works”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or a
14、ll such patent rights. This Technical Report supports the use of Product Category Rules (prEN 15804) for construction products. Together they are used as the means for arriving at Environmental Product Declarations (EPD). PD CEN/TR 15941:2010CEN/TR 15941:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This Technical Report
15、 is a supporting document referenced in prEN 15804. The Technical Report provides guidance for the selection and use of different types of generic data available for practitioners and verifiers involved in the preparation of EPD in order to improve consistency and comparability. The TR provides a co
16、mmon language to improve understanding and introduces the concept of pre-verification to help with the selection of generic data. It also indicates the types and possible sources of data that exist and gives guidance on how to judge their selection. The TR also recognises that there are different le
17、vels of aggregation of data for material components, elements and buildings. The TR provides an explanation of the quality requirements for the data. PD CEN/TR 15941:2010CEN/TR 15941:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report supports the development of Environmental Product Declarations (EPD). It ass
18、ists in using generic data according to the core product category rules (prEN 15804) during the preparation of EPD of construction products, processes and services in a consistent way, and also in the application of generic data in the environmental performance assessment of buildings according to p
19、rEN 15978. The requirements for the use of generic data are described in prEN 15804. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of t
20、he referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 15804:2008, Sustainability of construction works Environmental product declarations Product category rules EN ISO 14025:2010, Environmental labels and declarations Type III environmental declarations Principles and procedures (ISO 14025
21、:2006) EN ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework (ISO 14040:2006) EN ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044:2006) ISO/TR 14049:2000, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Examples
22、 of application of ISO 14041 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 average data data combined from different manufacturers or production sites for the same declared unit NOTE Avera
23、ge can relate to a number of issues such as location or time. 3.2 data set collection of data appropriate for a specific LCA, LCI or for information modules 3.3 generic data surrogate data used if no system specific data are available NOTE 1 Data can be site specific or average. PD CEN/TR 15941:2010
24、CEN/TR 15941:2010 (E) 6 3.4 meta data information about the data being used, e.g. the data source, its age, the accuracy and precision, etc. 3.6 product goods or service Adapted from EN ISO 14024:2000 3.7 site specific data data derived from one production site NOTE Data might include different prod
25、uction lines. 3.8 system specific data data specific to the product system under study 3.9 upstream, downstream process process that either precedes (upstream) or follows (downstream) a given life cycle stage 3.10 verification confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified
26、 requirements have been fulfilled EN ISO 9000:2005 4 Generic data 4.1 General Generic data are used instead of system specific data to describe the environmental impacts and aspects of a products life cycle in an LCA study. Generic data are used for calculations where system specific data LCI/LCA da
27、ta are not available or where other non-system specific LCI or technical data are required. Generic data are needed for calculation of LCA/EPD as well as for the development of scenarios supporting the use EPD for the assessment of the environmental performance of construction products and construct
28、ion works. Therefore, the methodological requirements of prEN 15804 also apply to generic data. The guidance on selection of generic data illustrates different aspects the LCA practitioner is confronted with when collecting data for a LCA/EPD. Generic data and average data are not necessarily the sa
29、me. Average data are information that has been calculated as a mean value. Generic data are information (a data set) not specific to the system under study, although they may be average (i.e. calculated as a mean value) or obtained from a specific site. 4.2 Types of Generic Data There are different
30、types of generic data relevant within the practice of the building assessment arrived at by using information from EPDs: a) generic LCI data for the development of the LCI results for an EPD (example: generic LCI result data set for the “production of 1 kWh electricity“ used in the production proces
31、s or data set for “incineration of 1 kg cardboard (packaging waste)“ for end-of-life treatment of product packaging); PD CEN/TR 15941:2010CEN/TR 15941:2010 (E) 7 b) generic technical data for scenarios in the foreground system (example: default distance (km) to disposal place, unless known); c) gene
32、ric LCA, LCI and information module data for the use in building assessment (example: generic LCA result data set for the “production of 1 m2outer wall bricks-and mortar-built“ or for “delivery of 1 kWh space heating from a heat pump using geothermal energy“. It is always important to choose data th
33、at fit to the goal and scope of the performed LCA study. The selection of generic data must not skew the results of the study with respect to its scope and goal. 4.3 Application of generic data in EPD 4.3.1 Manufacturers EPD Normally when undertaking LCA for an EPD, specific data for a certain produ
34、ct or process should be used. Often, however, such specific data are missing and the practitioner has to seek information from other sources; generic data then replaces specific data. Generic data should never replace specific data if specific data are available. A manufacturer knows his own product
35、 and its production processes and the EPD can be prepared using specific data for theses processes. Generic data however describe upstream and downstream processes in addition to the data describing the manufacturers own process, e.g. on his site. Generic data may also help to describe a products po
36、sition in the supply chain of the building. 4.3.2 Trade Association EPD When industry associations create EPDs, they are normally based on average system specific data, representing the products of the association members in average values. Producers having production at multiple sites as a rule app
37、ly average data to represent their product. 4.3.3 Scenarios in EPDs 4.3.3.1 General Generic data are often used when scenarios have to be created in an EPD, to fill out data gaps and to make the study plausible. Generic data can be used both for the direct calculation of a process, but it is also us
38、ed for the creation of scenarios where no direct information about future conditions are available or where it is impossible to know precisely how the information shall be applied since there may exist more than one option for its application. The latter is often the case when applying scenarios in
39、a sensitivity analysis to track how sensitive the outcome of a study is in relation to different influencing parameters. Generic data for scenarios should be as realistic as possible and properly documented (covering the present or anticipated situation), rather than idealistic or “carefully selecte
40、d“. 4.3.3.2 Building elements description scenarios The aggregation of (specific or average) data from individual components into new generic elements is helpful for calculations in the early design stages, when the details of the construction and materials are not yet decided. 4.3.3.3 Construction
41、process scenarios Construction process scenarios are of importance for the construction, use and end-of-life stage; and of particular importance for comparing products over the entire life cycle of the building. The reference scenario for which the EPD is calculated, should reflect and be extrapolat
42、ed from a present, realistic situation and not PD CEN/TR 15941:2010CEN/TR 15941:2010 (E) 8 from a future “visionary“ situation. The scenario should fit with the life cycle considered (examples: the appropriate electricity grid for a material or component produced on a global market, i.e. on another
43、continent, versus for local recycling of demolition waste; transport for primary raw materials versus transport during the construction stage, etc.). 4.3.3.4 End of life scenarios The use of generic data for scenarios describing the end-of-life stage (downstream processes) should reflect: a) existin
44、g technology; b) current regulations; c) todays average practice and mix of different end-of-life treatments of the product group in the location where the process takes place. 4.3.4 Compensating with generic data for differences in local conditions Often generic data will not directly reflect the l
45、ocal conditions (i.e. the actual situation) under study. Data compensation then has to take place. Compensation on a quantitative empirical basis for local conditions is always the best option. This however presupposes the practitioners detailed understanding of the information under the local condi
46、tions and therefore understanding the different measures to be taken for compensating any bias in the information. When informed compensation of the data is not possible, informed assumptions have to be made. These kinds of assumptions are common in LCA since often no other option is available. Such
47、 assumptions should always be reported in the LCA-report and the sensitivity of the analysis resulting from such assumptions should be evaluated. 4.4 Sources of Generic data 4.4.1 General Generic data vary in their nature and quality. Sometimes they include information from sources with a long tradi
48、tion in gathering, sampling and processing information. In other cases, they may include information that is gathered or sampled in just a few observations or even a single observation. Generic data used in LCA is therefore often a mixture of data with different quality, which makes it important to
49、understand how the data influences the precision and validity of the result. Typical sources of generic data and qualitative information where to find them are provided below. 4.4.2 LCI/LCA data for materials or processes a) European platform for LCA, (European Life cycle Data base, ELCD); b) LCA software and database suppliers; c) EPD; d) sector-specific trade associations; e) rep
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