1、PD CEN/TR15951:2009ICS 71.100.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPyrotechnic articles Fireworks, category4 Overview ofharmonized standardsthat will be developedby CEN/TC 212/WG 2This Published Documentwas published under theauthority of the Stan
2、dardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 December2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 67604 8Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsPD CEN/TR 15951:2009National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR15951:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entruste
3、d to TechnicalCommittee CII/47, Pyrotechnic articles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance w
4、ith a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.PD CEN/TR 15951:2009TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15951 October 2009 ICS 71.100.30 English Version Pyrotechnic articles - Fireworks, category 4 - Overview of harmonized standards that will be develope
5、d by CEN/TC 212/WG 2 Articles pyrotechniques - Artifices de divertissement de catgorie 4 - Vue densemble des normes harmonises qui seront labores par le CEN/TC 212/WG 2 Pyrotechnische Gegenstnde - Feuerwerkskrper, Kategorie 4 - berblick ber harmonisierte Normen, die von CEN/TC 212/WG 2 erarbeitet we
6、rden This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 17 August 2009. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 212. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ire
7、land, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix
8、17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15951:2009: EPD CEN/TR 15951:2009CEN/TR 15951:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Terminology .53 Interfaces between CEN/TC 212 W
9、orking Groups 84 List of C4 Fireworks and definitions 85 Parameters to be taken in consideration to meet the essential safety requirements . 116 Identification of test methods 137 Labelling 148 Harmonized Standard . 189 Projects to be initiated within WG 2 (List and Mandates) 2110 Future Work Progra
10、m (Objectives, Tasks, Time targets) . 22Annex A (informative) List of Generic Types and definitions 25Annex B (informative) List of Subtypes and definitions . 27Annex C (informative) List of Components and definitions . 32Annex D (informative) Specific case of “stars“ . 35Annex E (informative) List
11、of Technical Terms . 36Annex F (informative) Parameters to comply with ESR . 45Bibliography . 48PD CEN/TR 15951:2009CEN/TR 15951:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15951:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 212 “Pyrotechnic articles”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
12、This document (CEN/TR 15951:2009) has been prepared by Working Group Nr 2 “C4 Fireworks” of Technical Committee CEN/TC 212 “Pyrotechnic articles”, the convenor and secretary of which are respectively Italian and French. Experts from ten countries have participated to its elaboration: Belgium, Czech
13、Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain, The Netherlands and United Kingdom. It has been approved by votes of all the members of CEN/TC 212 “Pyrotechnic articles” on August 2009. PD CEN/TR 15951:2009CEN/TR 15951:2009 (E) 4 Introduction Directive 2007/23/EC of May 23rd2007 on the pl
14、acing on the market of pyrotechnic articles, has been published on June 14th2007 in the Official Journal of the European Union. (Ref. Mandate M 416). In its Annex 1, Directive 2007/23/EC gives the essential safety requirements (ESR) pyrotechnic articles shall comply with. In order to facilitate the
15、process of demonstrating compliance with these ESR, harmonized standards for the design, manufacture and testing of pyrotechnic articles must be developed. CEN has been mandated by the European Commission (EC) to develop these harmonized standards: Mandate M 416 describes the work that CEN shall per
16、form. CEN has entrusted coordination of this work to CEN/TC 212 Pyrotechnic articles with the following scope: “Standardization of fireworks, theatrical pyrotechnic articles, pyrotechnic articles for vehicles and other pyrotechnic articles, particularly from the point of view of their safe use”. Dur
17、ing its meeting in Delft on October 16thand 17th2007, CEN/TC 212 has decided to share the corresponding work to be done between several Working Groups. Resolutions have been voted to establish five Working Groups, one of which is Working Group 2 (CEN/TC 212 / WG2) in charge of standardization of Cat
18、egory 4 Fireworks. Because no European standards exist at present for Category 4 Fireworks, preliminary work needs to be performed before a list of standards to be developed by WG2 can be drawn up. It has been accepted by CEN/TC 212 and proposed to the European Community a one-year period will be al
19、located to WG2 to prepare a CEN Technical Report in which its future work program will be described and an overview of the harmonized standards it will develop will be given including the reasons why WG 2 propose to develop these standards. Five work sessions have taken place, respectively in NEN De
20、lft Netherlands on February 6th2008, in BAM Berlin Germany on May 21st2008, in NEN Delft Netherlands on September 10th2008, in AFNOR Paris France on November 12th2008 and in UNI Milano Italy on February 3rd2009. The present document is the final draft of the Technical Report for Category 4 Fireworks
21、. It has been written in close coordination with the other working groups of CEN/TC 212 WG 1 “Fireworks, Categories 1, 2 and 3“, WG 3 “Theatrical Pyrotechnic Articles”, WG 4 “Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles” and WG 5 “Other pyrotechnic articles”. PD CEN/TR 15951:2009CEN/TR 15951:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope
22、 This Technical Report gives an overview of harmonized standards which will be proposed to be developed by CEN/TC 212 WG 2, Category 4 Fireworks. It also gives the interpretation WG 2 experts have made of some terms, definitions and requirements of Directive 2007/23/EC in order to assure future harm
23、onized standards will encompass all varieties of fireworks, which are presently placed on the European market, in a consistent way and take the benefit of all the practical experience and usages of fireworks in the Member States. 2 Terminology 2.1 Definition of “C4 Fireworks” Article 3 (a) of Direct
24、ive 2007/23/EC gives the following definition of “C4 Fireworks”: “Fireworks which present a high hazard, which are intended for use only by persons with specialist knowledge (commonly known as fireworks for professional use) and whose noise level is not harmful to human health” This definition raise
25、s the following comments: Exceptions can be found to this definition, because some “fireworks for professional use” e.g. lances cannot be considered as “presenting a high hazard” or generate a low noise level by themselves (e.g. less than C1 maximum noise level). But they have been designed for use
26、in combination with other fireworks articles, mainly Category 4 Fireworks. Then they are only used by persons with specialist knowledge and never offered to the consumer market. Consequently WG 2 experts consider these articles belong to category 4. C1-C2-C3 fireworks articles will no longer be cons
27、idered as belonging to categories 1, 2 or 3, if they do not comply with all the requirements of these categories. As soon as a potentially C1, C2 or C3 article definitively does not meet one of the requirements for C1-C2-C3 Fireworks, it will be categorized as a C4 article. Nothing in the definition
28、 of “pyrotechnic articles” in Directive 2007/23/EC means an article must be a complete product. Then the case of “incomplete” fireworks articles must also be considered. Such articles are commonly placed on the market. An example is a “roman candle without fuse”. This article needs adaptation of a f
29、use for its ignition and different types of fuse may be used. This operation can be made by firers at the firing place, but limited to persons with specialized knowledge. Another example is a “shell without lift charge”. This article can be used in two distinct ways. It can be placed in the mortar a
30、bove a separate “bag charge” which will act as a lift charge and will have been placed first in the mortar or this “bag charge” can be fit to it first before placing the assembly in the mortar. Such products require “modification or preparation before use”, which appears to be a better wording than
31、“incomplete”. Likewise, “components” of fireworks can be considered as “pyrotechnic articles” from the point of view of Directive 2007/23/EC, as far as they are placed on the market. Such pyrotechnic objects as rocket motors, drivers, delay fuses, shells to be included in more elaborated shells, etc
32、. are used for the construction of fireworks. Some of them can have other applications than fireworks manufacturing and are “other pyrotechnic articles” as defined by Directive 2007/23/EC (See Clause 3 hereafter). The others which are only used as components of fireworks can be identified to “firewo
33、rks which are intended to be part of a more elaborate firework”, then as “C4 Fireworks” to be used by persons with specialist knowledge in pyrotechnical factories. NOTE The specific case of “stars” is discussed in 4.1. PD CEN/TR 15951:2009CEN/TR 15951:2009 (E) 6 In the English language, “professiona
34、l use” mainly means “paid at work” and the sentence between brackets must be considered as informative but not prevailing. The important term is “person with specialist knowledge”, which implies these persons are not necessarily paid to prepare and fire the fireworks. To conclude and to assure their
35、 work will be fully exhaustive, WG 2 experts have adopted the following interpretation of the definition of C4 Fireworks of Directive 2007/23/EC: “With respect to Article 3 (a) of Directive 2007/23/EC, Category 4 includes (1) fireworks which present a high hazard or (2) require modification / prepar
36、ation before use or (3) are intended to be part of a more elaborate firework or (4) which do not meet all the requirements for C1-C2-C3 Fireworks, and which are intended for use only by persons with specialist knowledge (commonly known as fireworks for professional use) and whose noise level is not
37、harmful to human health.” Resolution TC 212 28/2008 has been approved by CEN/TC 212. 2.2 Other terms The future C4 fireworks harmonized standard(s) will identify the design parameters and performance characteristics to be taken in consideration for the corresponding articles to meet the essential sa
38、fety requirements of Directive 2007/23/EC. For each design parameter or performance characteristic it (they) will state requirements and criteria which shall be complied with. According to the variety of articles usually observed during C4 fireworks shows, it is clearly noticeable these articles wil
39、l not have all in common the same design parameters and performance characteristics. However, collections of articles sharing the same design parameters and performance characteristics exist. Then WG 2 experts have considered it was necessary to identify these collections of C4 fireworks articles an
40、d draw up their list. The future harmonized standard(s) will state requirements and criteria for each identified homogeneous collection, which does not mean there may not exist requirements or criteria applicable to several collections as well as to all the C4 fireworks articles whatever their desig
41、n or behaviour in normal use. Word “type” has been proposed to name these collections of articles. But, this word is already used by Directive 2007/23/EC, in its Annex II, with another meaning. Then, because Directive 2007/23/EC cannot be modified, its definition of word “type” must be considered as
42、 imperative. This does not exclude the possibility of using the word “type” in another meaning but in that case it has been suggested to add a qualifying term to it, as it is for the expressions “type of use” and “type of pyrotechnic article” in Directive 2007/23/EC itself. This proposal has been ap
43、proved by CEN/TC 212 (See Resolution 43/2008). Therefore, the following terms and definitions will be used hereafter and in the harmonized standard(s) to be developed by Working Group 2: Type: sample representative of the production envisaged. NOTE 1 This definition corresponds to the use of the ter
44、m type in Annex II 2(c) of Directive 2007/23/EC for the purposes of type-examination. Generic type: set of articles with a common, very general, design feature and/or with a common characteristic effect. Subtype: set of articles within a generic type with specific design features. Individual item: a
45、rticle within a generic type or subtype for which every possible feature and characteristic has been fixed. PD CEN/TR 15951:2009CEN/TR 15951:2009 (E) 7 NOTE 2 Each feature and characteristic will be specified in the technical name or a technical data sheet, as appropriate. Technical name: general de
46、scription of an individual item. Trade name: description of an individual item from a particular supplier. Family: set of individual items that will be considered together for the purposes of testing and approval. NOTE 3 This last definition is fully compliant with Directive 2007/23/EC which states
47、in “Whereas (18)”: “Groups of pyrotechnic articles that are similar in design, function or behaviour should be assessed by the notified bodies as product families”. The figure hereafter shows how WG 2 experts intend to organize Category 4 Firework articles in “individual items” (samples of which wil
48、l be “types”), “families” and “generic types”, starting from the precise design level to the general design level. Example is given for “shells”. At the bottom are located the individual items submitted to conformity assessment procedures by the means of “types”. As shown they are attributed a relat
49、ively long name to give information to the users on the typical calibre and effects (e.g. green ring) of the shell. In the middle are set up “families” of individual items which may be considered together for the purposes of testing and certification (samples of which will be groups of the corresponding “types”). These families exhibit a first level of generalization of the characteristics of individual items and the corresponding types. For example, the
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