BS PD CEN TS 16980-1-2016 Photocatalysis Continuous flow test methods Determination of the degradation of nitric oxide (NO) in the air by photocatalytic materials《光催化 连续流试验方法 利用光催化.pdf

1、PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016Photocatalysis Continuousflow test methodsPart 1: Determination of the degradation ofnitric oxide (NO) in the air by photocatalyticmaterialsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewor

2、dThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16980-1:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication

3、 does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 94089 7 ICS 25.220.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fro

4、m legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dPD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE S

5、PEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16980-1 December 2016 ICS 25.220.20 English Version Photocatalysis - Continuous flow test methods - Part 1: Determination of the degradation of nitric oxide (NO) in the air by photocatalytic materials Photocatalyse - Mthodes dessai en flux continu - Partie 1 : Dtermination de la

6、dgradation du monoxyde dazote (NO) dans lair par des matriaux photocatalytiques Photokatalyse - Prfverfahren mit kontinuierlichem Durchfluss - Teil 1: Bestimmung des Abbaus von Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) aus der Luft durch photokatalytische Werkstoffe This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved b

7、y CEN on 8 August 2016 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN

8、 members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about

9、 the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lat

10、via, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marn

11、ix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 EPD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms, definitio

12、ns and abbreviations . 5 3.1 Terms and definitions . 5 3.2 Abbreviations . 5 4 Principle . 7 5 Interferences 7 6 Apparatus . 7 7 Sample preparation . 13 7.1 Precaution. 13 7.2 Sample characteristics . 13 7.3 Conditioning . 13 8 Measurement of concentrations . 14 8.1 General . 14 8.2 Measurement of t

13、he initial concentration of nitrogen oxides before entering the photochemical reactor . 14 8.3 Conversion without sample 14 8.4 Conversion in the dark and in the presence of sample 15 8.5 Conversion under illumination in the presence of sample . 15 9 Calculation of photocatalytic degradation rate .

14、17 9.1 The observed rate of photocatalytic degradation 17 9.2 Intrinsic rate of photocatalytic transformation 18 10 Acceptability ranges of main test parameters . 18 11 Test report 19 Annex A (informative) Typical trend of NO, NO2and NOxconcentrations during a photocatalytic test . 21 Annex B (infor

15、mative) Example of test for the control of mass transfer conditions 22 Annex C (informative) Typical Ohmic response of the fan . 23 Bibliography . 24 PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TS 16980-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC

16、386 “Photocatalysis”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document is part of the CEN/TS

17、16980 series that consists of the following parts: Part 1: Determination of the degradation of nitric oxide (NO) in the air by photocatalytic materials Part 2: To be determined. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bou

18、nd to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Po

19、rtugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard describes a method for assessing the performance of photocatalytic inorganic materials contained in cement mortars and/or limes or cera

20、mic-based matrices, paints or materials deposited as thin films or coatings on a variety of substrates for the photocatalytic abatement of nitric oxide in the gas phase. This method is not suitable for the assessment of samples to be applied with flow perpendicular to the surface or flow permeating

21、the surface itself as polymeric and paper filters, honeycomb structures and suchlike. The performance for the photocatalytic sample under test is evaluated by measuring the degradation rate of nitric oxide (NO) using the method described herein. The photocatalytic abatement rate is calculated from t

22、he observed rate by eliminating the effects of mass transfer. The intrinsic photocatalytic abatement rate is an intrinsic property of the material tested and makes it possible to distinguish the photocatalytic activities of various products with an absolute scale defined with physical and engineerin

23、g meaning. For the measurements and calculations described in this standard the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is defined as the stoichiometric sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Safety statement Persons using this document should be familiar with the normal laboratory prac

24、tice, if applicable. This document cannot address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any regulatory conditions. Environmental statement It is understood t

25、hat some of the material permitted in this standard may have negative environmental impact. As technological advantages lead to better alternatives for these materials, they will be eliminated from this standard to the extent possible. At the end of the test, the user of the standard will take care

26、to carry out an appropriate disposal of the wastes, according to local regulation. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For und

27、ated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 16599:2014, Photocatalysis - Irradiation conditions for testing photocatalytic properties of semiconducting materials and the measurement of these conditions EN ISO 9169, Air quality - Definitio

28、n and determination of performance characteristics of an automatic measuring system (ISO 9169) ISO 7996, Ambient air Determination of the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides Chemiluminescence method PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 5 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms an

29、d definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply. 3.1.1 concentration of nitrogen oxides NOxstoichiometric sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Note 1 to entry: For grade 999 nitrogen or air: the purity of the gas should be equa

30、l at least to 99,9 %. 3.1.2 photocatalyst Catalyst able to produce, upon absorption of light, chemical transformations of the reaction partners Note 1 to entry: The excited state of the photocatalyst repeatedly interacts with the reaction partners forming reaction intermediates and regenerates itsel

31、f after each cycle of such interactions. 3.1.3 photocatalytic materials materials in which or on which the photocatalyst is added by coating, impregnation, mixing, etc 3.2 Abbreviations CSTR Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor CINconcentration at reactor inlet COUT,DARKconcentration of NO and NO2at reac

32、tor outlet under stable conditions in the dark (no illumination) OUT,lightC concentration at reactor outlet under stable conditions with illumination (lamp on) INNOC concentration of NO at reactor inlet 2INNOC concentration of NO2at reactor inlet OUT,DARKNOC concentration of NO at reactor outlet und

33、er stable conditions in the dark (no illumination) without sample 2OUT,DARKNOC concentration of NO2at reactor outlet under stable conditions in the dark (no illumination) without sample OUT,DARKNO,SCconcentration of NO at reactor outlet under stable conditions in the dark (no illumination) in presen

34、ce of sample 2OUT,DARKNO ,SCconcentration of NO2at reactor outlet under stable conditions in the dark (no illumination) in presence of sample OUT,LIGHTNOC concentration of NO at reactor outlet under stable conditions with illumination (lamp on) without sample OUT,LIGHTNO,0C concentration of NO at re

35、actor outlet under illumination of sample measured at fan speed at nominal voltage V0PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 6 2OUT,LIGHTNO ,0C concentration NO2at reactor outlet under illumination of sample measured at fan speed nominal voltage V0F Flow Fv,i fan flow at ithpotential I irradia

36、nce LED light emitting diodes MM molecular mass P pressure in atmosphere PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene R ideal gas constant RH gas relative humidity at 25 C inside the reactor darkNOconversion of NO in the dark 2darkNOconversion to NO2in the dark PHOTONO,lampconversion of NO under illumination withou

37、t sample totalNO ,iconversion of NO measured with fan speed at ithpotential 2totalNO ,iconversion to NO2measured with fan speed at ithpotential photoNO,irNO abatement rate at each fan speed (i = 0n) 2photoNO ,irNO2photocatalytic production rate at each fan speed (i = 0n) xphotoNO ,irNOxabatement rat

38、e correspond to NO abatement rate minus NO2photocatalytic production rate photoCATNOr NO photocatalytic degradation rate intrinsic to the surface of the material, after removing the mass transfer limitations XphotoCATNOr NOxphotocatalytic degradation rate intrinsic to the surface of the material, af

39、ter removing the mass transfer limitations UV-A ultraviolet with wavelength () situated between 315 nm and 400 nm (IUPAC) V0fan nominal operating potential (in Volt) Vminfan minimum operating potential (in Volt) set by the manufacturer S Sample T temperature in Kelvin tstabtime to reach the stabilit

40、y of NO concentration UV UltraViolet Vr Reactor net volume PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 7 4 Principle The method consists in measuring the photocatalytic abatement of nitric oxide (NO) by photocatalytic materials as specified in paragraph 1 using a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (C

41、STR) with flow tangential to the sample. Information on the theory is reported in the specialized literature (Minero et al. 2013). The residual NO and NOx concentration at the CSTR outlet is measured by a chemiluminescence analyser (ISO 7996). The photocatalytic activity test is carried out using ch

42、romatographic grade air, also obtained by mixing pure gases, to which NO is added in such an amount as to simulate a high degree of air pollution. The NO concentration is set to (0,50 0,05) ppmv. 5 Interferences Any measurement interferences are reported in the technical specifications of the chemil

43、uminescence analyser. As what is measured are all species that can be converted by reduction to NO, NO2concentration is here defined as NO2 = NOx-NO. For interferences on chemiluminescence detection, see Winer et al. (1974). 6 Apparatus The test apparatus shall consist of the following main componen

44、ts. 6.1 Gas mixture preparation system. The system used for preparing the reaction mixture is shown in Figure 1. The mass flow controllers, calibrated and traceable, shall ensure a maximum flow consistent with that needed for a correct test execution. To ensure the necessary accuracy, the flow shall

45、 not exceed 90 % of the rated full scale. As an example, to obtain the gas mixture only gases of chromatographic grade or higher purity shall be used. Instead of dry air cylinders, two separate cylinders of pure N2and O2can be used at the inlet of mass-flow controllers, adjusted so as to produce a m

46、ixture consisting of 20,8 % of O2and 79,2 % of N2. The NO concentration to flow #1 is set to (0,50 0,05) ppmv. PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 8 a) Relative humidity is set by regulating the flow to U, which is downstream to F b) Relative humidity is set by regulating the pressure befo

47、re U and F Key S1source of nitric oxide NO diluted in N2S2cylinder of air (chromatographic grade) or, alternatively, individual cylinders of N2and O2(chromatographic grade) F flow controller with mass-flow controllers (2 or 3) P pressure regulators with low-pressure manometers U humidifier maintaine

48、d at controlled temperature F#1 flow entering the reactor Figure 1 Gas mixture preparation system The humidification of the gas mixture can be obtained with two different configurations: a) using two mass flow controllers regulating the flow to U, as in Figure 1 left; b) using one mass flow controll

49、er regulating the pressure on U, as in Figure 1 right. The gas mixture preparation system shall ensure a relative humidity of (40 5) % inside the CSTR reactor. The relative humidity shall be measured either inside the reactor R (Figure 2) or immediately at its outlet on flow 2 of Figure 2 by means of a hygro-thermometer. 6.2 Illumination and measuring system: 6.2.1 General: The light source arrangement and the measuring system are shown in Figure 2. PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 9 Key R reaction chamber, Continuous Stirred-Tank