1、High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems Guidance to the specification and designevaluation of AC filtersPart 4: EquipmentPD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06IEC TR 62001-4Edition 1.0 2016-05TECHNICALREPORTHigh-voltage direct curre
2、nt (HVDC) systems Guidance to the specification anddesign evaluation of AC filters Part 4: EquipmentINTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSIONICS 29.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-3400-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical CommissionWarning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from
3、 an authorized distributor.PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TR 62001-4:2016. Together with PD IEC/TR 62001-1:2016, PD IEC/TR 62001-2 and PD IEC/TR 62001-3, it supersedes PD IEC/TR 62001:2009which w
4、ill be withdrawn on publication of all parts of this series.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PEL/22, Power electronics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtainedon request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to incl
5、ude all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 85253 4 ICS 29.200 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Brit
6、ish Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedIEC TR 62001-4 Edition 1.0 2016-05 TECHNICAL REPORT High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems Guidance to the specification an
7、d design evaluation of AC filters Part 4: Equipment INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 29.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-3400-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. PD IEC/TR 62001-
8、4:2016 2 IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD 6 INTRODUCTION 8 1 Scope .9 2 Steady state rating 9 2.1 General 9 2.2 Calculation method .9 2.2.1 General .9 2.2.2 AC system pre-existing harmonics . 11 2.2.3 Combination of converter and pre-existing harmonics . 11 2.2.4 Equipment rating calcu
9、lations 12 2.2.5 Application of voltage ratings . 15 2.3 AC network conditions 16 2.4 De-tuning effects . 16 2.5 Network impedance for rating calculations . 16 2.6 Outages 17 3 Transient stresses and rating . 17 3.1 General 17 3.2 Switching impulse studies . 18 3.2.1 Energization and switching . 18
10、3.2.2 Faults external to the filter . 19 3.2.3 Faults internal to the filter 21 3.2.4 Transformer inrush currents . 21 3.3 Fast fronted waveform studies . 21 3.3.1 General . 21 3.3.2 Lightning strikes 21 3.3.3 Busbar flashover studies 22 3.4 Insulation co-ordination . 22 4 Losses 23 4.1 Background 2
11、3 4.2 AC filter component losses 24 4.2.1 General . 24 4.2.2 Filter/shunt capacitor losses . 24 4.3 Reactor and resistor losses . 25 4.3.1 General . 25 4.3.2 Filter resistor losses . 26 4.3.3 Shunt reactor losses 26 4.4 Criteria for loss evaluation 27 4.4.1 General . 27 4.4.2 Fundamental frequency A
12、C filter busbar voltage . 27 4.4.3 Fundamental frequency and ambient temperature 27 4.4.4 AC system harmonic impedance 28 4.4.5 Harmonic currents generated by the converter . 28 4.4.6 Pre-existing harmonic distortion . 29 4.4.7 The anticipated load profile of the converter station 29 5 Design issues
13、 and special applications 29 5.1 General 29 PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 3 5.2 Performance aspects 30 5.2.1 Low order harmonic filtering and resonance conditions with AC system 30 5.2.2 Definition of interference factors to include harmonics up to 5 kHz 31 5.2.3 Triple-tuned fi
14、lter circuits . 31 5.2.4 Harmonic AC filters on tertiary winding of converter transformers . 32 5.3 Rating aspects 33 5.3.1 Limiting high harmonic currents in parallel-resonant filter circuits . 33 5.3.2 Transient ratings of parallel circuits in multiple tuned filters 33 5.3.3 Overload protection of
15、 high-pass harmonic filter resistors . 34 5.3.4 Back-to-back switching of filters or shunt capacitors . 34 5.3.5 Short time overload reasonable specification of requirements 34 5.3.6 Low voltage filter capacitors without fuses 36 5.4 Filters for special purposes . 36 5.4.1 Harmonic filters for dampi
16、ng transient overvoltages 36 5.4.2 Non-linear filters for low order harmonics/transient overvoltages 36 5.4.3 Series filters for HVDC converter stations 37 5.4.4 Re-tunable AC filters 40 5.5 Impact of new HVDC station in vicinity of an existing station 41 5.6 Redundancy issues and spares . 42 5.6.1
17、Redundancy of filters savings in ratings and losses . 42 5.6.2 Internal filter redundancy . 43 5.6.3 Spare parts 43 6 Protection 44 6.1 Overview 44 6.2 General 44 6.3 Bank and sub-bank overall protection 46 6.3.1 General . 46 6.3.2 Short circuit protection . 46 6.3.3 Overcurrent protection . 46 6.3.
18、4 Thermal overload protection . 46 6.3.5 Differential protection . 47 6.3.6 Earth fault protection 47 6.3.7 Overvoltage and undervoltage protection . 47 6.3.8 Special protection functions and harmonic measurements 48 6.3.9 Busbar and breaker failure protection . 48 6.4 Protection of individual filte
19、r components. 48 6.4.1 Unbalance protection for filter and shunt capacitors . 48 6.4.2 Protection of low voltage tuning capacitors . 50 6.4.3 Overload protection and detection of filter detuning 50 6.4.4 Temperature measurement for protection . 50 6.4.5 Measurement of fundamental frequency component
20、s 50 6.4.6 Capacitor fuses 51 6.4.7 Protection and rating of instrument transformers 51 6.4.8 Examples of protection arrangements 52 6.5 Personnel protection . 52 7 Audible noise 55 7.1 General 55 7.2 Sound active components of AC filters 55 7.3 Sound requirements 56 PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016PD IEC/TR
21、62001-4:2016IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 2 2 IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD 6 INTRODUCTION 8 1 Scope .9 2 Steady state rating 9 2.1 General 9 2.2 Calculation method .9 2.2.1 General .9 2.2.2 AC system pre-existing harmonics . 11 2.2.3 Combination of converter and pre-existing harmoni
22、cs . 11 2.2.4 Equipment rating calculations 12 2.2.5 Application of voltage ratings . 15 2.3 AC network conditions 16 2.4 De-tuning effects . 16 2.5 Network impedance for rating calculations . 16 2.6 Outages 17 3 Transient stresses and rating . 17 3.1 General 17 3.2 Switching impulse studies . 18 3.
23、2.1 Energization and switching . 18 3.2.2 Faults external to the filter . 19 3.2.3 Faults internal to the filter 21 3.2.4 Transformer inrush currents . 21 3.3 Fast fronted waveform studies . 21 3.3.1 General . 21 3.3.2 Lightning strikes 21 3.3.3 Busbar flashover studies 22 3.4 Insulation co-ordinati
24、on . 22 4 Losses 23 4.1 Background 23 4.2 AC filter component losses 24 4.2.1 General . 24 4.2.2 Filter/shunt capacitor losses . 24 4.3 Reactor and resistor losses . 25 4.3.1 General . 25 4.3.2 Filter resistor losses . 26 4.3.3 Shunt reactor losses 26 4.4 Criteria for loss evaluation 27 4.4.1 Genera
25、l . 27 4.4.2 Fundamental frequency AC filter busbar voltage . 27 4.4.3 Fundamental frequency and ambient temperature 27 4.4.4 AC system harmonic impedance 28 4.4.5 Harmonic currents generated by the converter . 28 4.4.6 Pre-existing harmonic distortion . 29 4.4.7 The anticipated load profile of the
26、converter station 29 5 Design issues and special applications 29 5.1 General 29 PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 3 5.2 Performance aspects 30 5.2.1 Low order harmonic filtering and resonance conditions with AC system 30 5.2.2 Definition of interference factors to include harmonics
27、up to 5 kHz 31 5.2.3 Triple-tuned filter circuits . 31 5.2.4 Harmonic AC filters on tertiary winding of converter transformers . 32 5.3 Rating aspects 33 5.3.1 Limiting high harmonic currents in parallel-resonant filter circuits . 33 5.3.2 Transient ratings of parallel circuits in multiple tuned fil
28、ters 33 5.3.3 Overload protection of high-pass harmonic filter resistors . 34 5.3.4 Back-to-back switching of filters or shunt capacitors . 34 5.3.5 Short time overload reasonable specification of requirements 34 5.3.6 Low voltage filter capacitors without fuses 36 5.4 Filters for special purposes .
29、 36 5.4.1 Harmonic filters for damping transient overvoltages 36 5.4.2 Non-linear filters for low order harmonics/transient overvoltages 36 5.4.3 Series filters for HVDC converter stations 37 5.4.4 Re-tunable AC filters 40 5.5 Impact of new HVDC station in vicinity of an existing station 41 5.6 Redu
30、ndancy issues and spares . 42 5.6.1 Redundancy of filters savings in ratings and losses . 42 5.6.2 Internal filter redundancy . 43 5.6.3 Spare parts 43 6 Protection 44 6.1 Overview 44 6.2 General 44 6.3 Bank and sub-bank overall protection 46 6.3.1 General . 46 6.3.2 Short circuit protection . 46 6.
31、3.3 Overcurrent protection . 46 6.3.4 Thermal overload protection . 46 6.3.5 Differential protection . 47 6.3.6 Earth fault protection 47 6.3.7 Overvoltage and undervoltage protection . 47 6.3.8 Special protection functions and harmonic measurements 48 6.3.9 Busbar and breaker failure protection . 4
32、8 6.4 Protection of individual filter components. 48 6.4.1 Unbalance protection for filter and shunt capacitors . 48 6.4.2 Protection of low voltage tuning capacitors . 50 6.4.3 Overload protection and detection of filter detuning 50 6.4.4 Temperature measurement for protection . 50 6.4.5 Measuremen
33、t of fundamental frequency components 50 6.4.6 Capacitor fuses 51 6.4.7 Protection and rating of instrument transformers 51 6.4.8 Examples of protection arrangements 52 6.5 Personnel protection . 52 7 Audible noise 55 7.1 General 55 7.2 Sound active components of AC filters 55 7.3 Sound requirements
34、 56 PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 3 4 IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 7.4 Noise reduction . 57 8 Seismic requirements 58 8.1 General 58 8.2 Load specification . 59 8.2.1 Seismic loads 59 8.2.2 Additional loads . 59 8.2.3 Soil quality . 60 8.3 Method of qualifi
35、cation 60 8.3.1 General . 60 8.3.2 Qualification by analytical methods 60 8.3.3 Design criteria . 61 8.3.4 Documentation for qualification by analytical methods 62 8.4 Examples of improvements in the mechanical design . 62 9 Equipment design and test parameters 62 9.1 General 62 9.1.1 Technical info
36、rmation and requirements . 62 9.1.2 Technical information to be provided by the customer . 63 9.1.3 Customer requirements 63 9.1.4 Technical information to be presented by the bidder . 65 9.1.5 Ratings 65 9.2 Capacitors 66 9.2.1 General . 66 9.2.2 Design aspects 66 9.2.3 Electrical data 67 9.2.4 Tes
37、ts . 68 9.3 Reactors . 68 9.3.1 General . 68 9.3.2 Design aspects 69 9.3.3 Electrical data 70 9.3.4 Tests . 71 9.4 Resistors 72 9.4.1 General . 72 9.4.2 Design aspects 72 9.4.3 Electrical data 73 9.4.4 Tests . 74 9.5 Arresters . 75 9.5.1 General . 75 9.5.2 Design aspects 76 9.5.3 Electrical data 76
38、9.5.4 Arresters: Tests . 77 9.6 Instrument transformers 77 9.6.1 Voltage transformers 77 9.6.2 Current transformers 78 9.7 Filter switching equipment . 80 9.7.1 Filter switching equipment: Introduction 80 9.7.2 Design aspects 80 9.7.3 Electrical data 83 9.7.4 Test requirements 84 Annex A (informativ
39、e) Background to loss evaluation . 86 PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 5 Annex B (informative) Example of response spectra (from IEEE Std 693-2005) 88 Bibliography . 89 Figure 1 Circuit for rating evaluation 10 Figure 2 Inrush current into a 12/24thdouble-tuned filter 19 Figure 3 V
40、oltage across the low voltage capacitor of a 12/24thdouble-tuned filter at switch-on 19 Figure 4 Voltage across the HV capacitor bank of a 12/24thdouble-tuned filter under fault conditions . 20 Figure 5 Typical arrangements of surge arresters . 22 Figure 6 Non-linear low order filter for Vienna Sout
41、heast HVDC station 37 Figure 7 Single-tuned series filter and impedance plot 38 Figure 8 Triple-tuned series filter and impedance plot 38 Figure 9 Mixed series and shunt AC filters at Uruguaiana HVDC station . 39 Figure 10 Re-tunable AC filter branch 41 Figure 11 Example of a protection scheme for a
42、n unearthed shunt capacitor . 53 Figure 12 Example of a protection scheme for a C-type filter 54 Figure 13 Electrical spectrum . 56 Figure 14 Force spectrum 56 Figure B.1 Response spectra . 88 Table 1 Typical losses in an all-film capacitor unit 24 Table 2 Electrical data for capacitors . 67 Table 3
43、 Electrical data for reactors . 71 Table 4 Electrical data for resistors 73 Table 5 Electrical data for arresters . 77 Table 6 Electrical data for current transformers 79 Table 7 Electrical data for filter switching equipment 84 Table A.1 Capitalized costs of the future losses . 86 PD IEC/TR 62001-4
44、:2016PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 4 4 IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 7.4 Noise reduction . 57 8 Seismic requirements 58 8.1 General 58 8.2 Load specification . 59 8.2.1 Seismic loads 59 8.2.2 Additional loads . 59 8.2.3 Soil quality . 60 8.3 Method of qualification 60 8.3.1 Gener
45、al . 60 8.3.2 Qualification by analytical methods 60 8.3.3 Design criteria . 61 8.3.4 Documentation for qualification by analytical methods 62 8.4 Examples of improvements in the mechanical design . 62 9 Equipment design and test parameters 62 9.1 General 62 9.1.1 Technical information and requireme
46、nts . 62 9.1.2 Technical information to be provided by the customer . 63 9.1.3 Customer requirements 63 9.1.4 Technical information to be presented by the bidder . 65 9.1.5 Ratings 65 9.2 Capacitors 66 9.2.1 General . 66 9.2.2 Design aspects 66 9.2.3 Electrical data 67 9.2.4 Tests . 68 9.3 Reactors
47、. 68 9.3.1 General . 68 9.3.2 Design aspects 69 9.3.3 Electrical data 70 9.3.4 Tests . 71 9.4 Resistors 72 9.4.1 General . 72 9.4.2 Design aspects 72 9.4.3 Electrical data 73 9.4.4 Tests . 74 9.5 Arresters . 75 9.5.1 General . 75 9.5.2 Design aspects 76 9.5.3 Electrical data 76 9.5.4 Arresters: Test
48、s . 77 9.6 Instrument transformers 77 9.6.1 Voltage transformers 77 9.6.2 Current transformers 78 9.7 Filter switching equipment . 80 9.7.1 Filter switching equipment: Introduction 80 9.7.2 Design aspects 80 9.7.3 Electrical data 83 9.7.4 Test requirements 84 Annex A (informative) Background to loss
49、 evaluation . 86 PD IEC/TR 62001-4:2016IEC TR 62001-4:2016 IEC 2016 5 Annex B (informative) Example of response spectra (from IEEE Std 693-2005) 88 Bibliography . 89 Figure 1 Circuit for rating evaluation 10 Figure 2 Inrush current into a 12/24thdouble-tuned filter 19 Figure 3 Voltage across the low voltage capacitor of a 12/24thdouble-tuned filter at switch-on 19 Figure 4 Voltage across the HV capacitor bank of a 12/24thdouble-tuned filter under fault c
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