1、Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditionsPart 4: Insulators for d.c. systemsPD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of
2、IEC/TS 60815-4:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PEL/36, Insulators for power systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisi
3、ons ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 76745 6ICS 29.080.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published
4、under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016IEC TS 60815-4 Edition 1.0 2016-10 TECHNICALSPECIFICATION Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulator
5、s intended for use in polluted conditions Part 4: Insulators for d.c. systems INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSION ICS 29.080.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-3704-5 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized di
6、stributor. colourinsidePD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016 2 IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . . 7 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . . 8 3.1 Terms and definitions . 8 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9 4 Principles . . 9 4.1 General . 9 4.2 Ov
7、erall design process . 10 5 Materials . 11 6 Site severity determination . 12 6.1 Input data 12 6.2 d.c. pollution accumulation correction: Kp12 6.3 Chemical composition of the pollution layer (Type A pollution) . 13 6.4 Correcting for NSDD (Type A pollution) . . 13 6.5 Correcting for CUR (Type A po
8、llution, cap and pin insulators) . . 14 6.6 Effect of diameter on the pollution accumulation Kd. 14 6.7 Correction for the number of similar insulators in parallel: Ks. 14 7 Determination of the reference d.c. site severity . 15 8 Determination of the reference d.c. USCD . 16 9 Correction of the RUS
9、CD for each candidate insulator . 17 9.1 Correction for the effect of diameter on pollution withstand performance Cd. 17 9.2 Correction for altitude Ca. . 18 9.3 Determination of the required USCD for each candidate . 18 10 Checking the profile parameters 19 10.1 General . . 19 10.2 Alternating shed
10、s defined by shed overhang . 19 10.3 Spacing versus shed overhang 20 10.4 Minimum distance between sheds . 20 10.5 Creepage distance versus clearance. 21 10.6 Shed angle 22 10.7 Creepage factor 22 11 Design verification . 23 11.1 General . . 23 11.2 Operating experience . 23 11.3 Laboratory testing
11、 23 Annex A (informative) Hydrophobicity transfer materials . . 24 A.1 Qualitative flashover behaviour 24 Annex B (informative) Dependence of USCD on pollution severity . 26 B.1 Pollution type A . 26 B.2 Pollution Type B 28 Bibliographic References . . 29 PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016IEC TS 60815-4:2016 I
12、EC 2016 3 Figure 1 Overall design process for d.c. insulation determination of d.c. Site Pollution Severity 10 Figure 2 Overall design process for d.c. insulation determination of the required USCDdcfor candidate insulating solutions . 11 Figure 3 RUSCDdcas a function of d.c. site pollution severity
13、 . 16 Figure 4 Correction for the effect of diameter on d.c. pollution withstand performance . 18 Figure A.1 Dependency of specific flashover voltage over conductivity of an electrolyte (parameter: wettability of surface) . . 24 Figure B.1 d.c. overhead lines. Collected field experience on non HTM i
14、nsulators (uncoatedglass and porcelain insulators) . . 26 Figure B.2 d.c. overhead lines. Collected field experience on HTM insulators (composite line insulators) 27 Figure B.3 Composite insulators: Example of the influence of CF on USCD (laboratory tests), see CIGRE Brochure 1 for more details . 28
15、 Table 1 Typical ranges of Kpaccording to climatic conditions . 13 PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016 4 IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ SELECTION AND DIMENSIONING OF HIGH-VOLTAGE INSULATORS INTENDED FOR USE IN POLLUTED CONDITIONS Part 4: Insulators for d.c. systems FOREW
16、ORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprisingall national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promoteinternational co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electr
17、ical and electronic fields. Tothis end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IECPublication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technica
18、l committees; any IEC National Committee interestedin the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closelywith the International Organizatio
19、n for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined byagreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an internationalconsensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committ
20、ee has representation from allinterested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC NationalCommittees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IECPublications is accu
21、rate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for anymisinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publicationstransparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional
22、 publications. Any divergencebetween any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated inthe latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformityassessment services and, in some a
23、reas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for anyservices carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents inclu
24、ding individual experts andmembers of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage orother damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) andexpenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance
25、 upon, this IEC Publication or any other IECPublications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications isindispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the element
26、s of this IEC Publication may be the subject ofpatent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Inexceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publicati
27、on of a technicalspecification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is thefuture but no immediate possibility of an agreement o
28、n an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decidewhether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 60815-4, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by technical committee 36:Insulators. PD IEC/TS 6081
29、5-4:2016IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016 5 The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: DTS Report on voting36/382/DTS 36/390/RVCFull information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found inthe report on voting indicated in the above tab
30、le. This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 60815 series, published under the general title Selection anddimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions, can be foundon the IEC website. The commi
31、ttee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until thestability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related tothe specific document. At this date, the document will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amend
32、ed. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicatesthat it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correctunderstanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this docume
33、nt using acolour printer. PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016 6 IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016 INTRODUCTION Work has been going on in CIGRE C4.303 and the IEC to produce d.c. pollution design guidesthat represent the current state of the art. The CIGRE work has resulted in an HV d.c.Pollution Application Guideline
34、s brochure 1 and the IEC work in this final part of IEC 60815 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions Part 4: Insulators for d.c. systems. The work represents a huge accumulation of pollution performance knowledge from varioussources (both publis
35、hed and unpublished) never before collated into a single opus. Contrary to the parts of IEC 60815 dealing with a.c., this technical specification covers bothpolymeric and glass and porcelain insulators for d.c. systems in a single publication. It alsocovers hybrid insulators (the ceramic core is ful
36、ly covered by a polymer). NOTE The present document does not apply to insulators with coatings, due to the variety of coatings to beconsidered. This may be reconsidered at the next revision of this technical specification, after gaining moreknowledge and experience and a better definition of the coa
37、ting characteristics and requirements. The approach for d.c. insulator design and selection with respect to pollution given in this partis different to that used for a.c. The key differences are: A simplified approach is presented which is intended for preliminary design. However,since under d.c. po
38、llution build-up and its effects can be more severe than under a.c., thefinal design should be based as much as possible on a direct pollution severity measuredunder d.c. for the site being studied. Equally direct evaluation of the insulators selected bythis process should be considered. (A statisti
39、cal design approach is available in theCIGRE guidelines for d.c. pollution 1); Two approaches are considered to estimate pollution severity: one using prior d.c. siteseverity experience, the other using site severity measurements on a.c. or unenergisedinsulators; Correction of site severity for spec
40、ific parameters that have an influence under d.c. (e.g.pollution uniformity ratio, effect of diameter on pollution accumulation, NSDD) areconsidered; Direct transfer from corrected site pollution severity to necessary USCD without any use ofdiscrete site severity classes (as made in IEC 60815 Parts
41、2 and 3); Recognition is made of the improved performance of Hydrophobicity Transfer Materials(HTM) as a practical solution for many designs, notably at UHV, while taking into accountpotential hydrophobicity loss; Importance of the influence of altitude; Distinct diameter correction for flashover pe
42、rformance. Although there is some positive experience with validation by testing of traditional glass andporcelain insulators, the full translation of such test results to service conditions is still underconsideration. Any such experience is mainly lacking for composite insulators, since anagreed s
43、tandardised testing procedure is not yet available. The problem is accentuated toporcelain/glass as well composite technology by the continuing rise in system voltages whereover-design may result in unrealistic insulator lengths or heights. Hence for this first editionthe verification of a chosen in
44、sulator solution by testing is entirely subject to agreement. For polymeric, notably HTM, the pollution withstand may not be the only necessary designinformation. The design stress should be selected not only to avoid flashover, but also toassure a limited ageing of the insulators in service. This i
45、tem is however out of the scope ofthe present specification. Applications with controlled indoor environment are not included in the scope of thisdocument. PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016 7 SELECTION AND DIMENSIONING OF HIGH-VOLTAGE INSULATORS INTENDED FOR USE IN POLLUTED CONDITIO
46、NS Part 4: Insulators for d.c. systems 1 Scope This part of IEC 60815, which is a Technical Specification, is applicable as first approach forthe determination of the required d.c. Unified Specific Creepage Distance for insulators withrespect to pollution. To avoid excessive over or under design, ex
47、isting operation experienceshould be compared and eventually additional appropriate tests may be performed byagreement between supplier and customer. It is applicable to: Glass and porcelain insulators; Composite and hybrid insulators with an HTM or non-HTM housing. This part of IEC 60815 gives spec
48、ific guidelines and principles to arrive at an informedjudgement on the probable behaviour of a given insulator in certain pollution environments. The structure and approach of this part of IEC 60815 are similar to those explained in Part 1,but adapted for the specific issues encountered with pollut
49、ed HV d.c. insulation. The aim of this Technical Specification is to give the user simplified means to: Identify issues specific to d.c. applications that can affect the choice and design process; Determine the equivalent d.c. Site Pollution Severity (SPS) from measurements, correctingfor electrostatic effects, diameter, pollution distribution and composition; Determine the reference USCD for different candidate insulating solutions, taking intoaccount ma
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